Researchers discover mechanism by which stem cells self-renew or differentiate

A research team led by the University of Minnesota has made a key finding in understanding whether stem cells proliferate or differentiate. The mechanism by which either process occurs depends on a protein called Krueppel-like factor 4 (Klf4), which is found in embryonic stem cells and maintains self-renewel. The researchers discovered that two enzymes, extracellular-signal-regulated kinases (ERK1 and ERK2), inactivate Klf4 by attaching a small molecule, which is what allows the cell to differentiate. This knowledge could be implemented in many areas, including cancer treatment and in growing organs for transplantation. "This research will aid in the development of the next generation of drugs that make repairs and regeneration within the body possible following damage by such factors as cancer, aging, heart disease, diabetes, or paralysis caused by traumatic injury," explained Hormel Institute Executive Director Zigang Dong, leader of the study.