R^Fis each independently a divalent fluoropolyether group,

Rf¹is each independently a C_1-16alkyl group optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms,

Rf²is a C_1-6alkylene group optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms,

p is 0 or 1,

q is each independently 0 or 1,

R^Siis each independently a monovalent group containing a Si atom to which a hydroxyl group, a hydrolyzable group, a hydrogen atom, or a monovalent organic group is bonded,

at least one R^Siis a monovalent group containing a Si atom to which a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group is bonded,

X^Ais each independently a single bond or a di- to decavalent organic group,

α1 is an integer of 1 to 9,

β1 is an integer of 1 to 9, and

γ1 is each independently an integer of 1 to 9.

In the formula (A1), R^F1is each independently Rf¹— or Rf¹—R^F—O_q—.

In a preferable embodiment, R^F1is each independently Rf¹—R^F—O_q—.

In the formula (A2), R^F2is —Rf²— or —Rf²_p—R^F—O_q—.

In a preferable embodiment, R^F2is —Rf²_p—R^F—O_q—.

In the formula, Rf¹is each independently a C_1-16alkyl group optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms.

In the C_1-16alkyl group optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, the “C_1-16alkyl group” may be linear or branched, and is preferably a linear or branched C_1-6alkyl group, in particular C_1-3alkyl group, and more preferably a linear C_1-6alkyl group, in particular C_1-3alkyl group.

Rf¹is preferably a C_1-16alkyl group substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, more preferably a CF₂H—C_1-15perfluoroalkylene group, and even more preferably a C_1-16perfluoroalkyl group.

The C_1-16perfluoroalkyl group may be linear or branched, and is preferably a linear or branched C_1-6perfluoroalkyl group, in particular C_1-3perfluoroalkyl group, more preferably a linear C_1-6perfluoroalkyl group, in particular C_1-3perfluoroalkyl group, and specifically —CF₃, —CF₂CF₃, or —CF₂CF₂CF₃.

In the above formula, Rf²is a C_1-6alkylene group optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms.

In the C_1-6alkylene group optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, the “C_1-6alkylene group” may be linear or branched, and is preferably a linear or branched C_1-3alkylene group, and more preferably a linear C_1-3alkylene group.

Rf²is preferably a C_1-6alkylene group substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, more preferably a C_1-6perfluoroalkylene group, and even more preferably a C_1-3perfluoroalkylene group.

The C_1-6perfluoroalkylene group may be linear or branched, and is preferably a linear or branched C_1-3perfluoroalkylene group, more preferably a linear C_1-3perfluoroalkylene group, and specifically —CF₂—, —CF₂CF₂—, or —CF₂CF₂CF₂—.

In the above formulae, p is 0 or 1. In one embodiment, p is 0. In another embodiment, p is 1.

In the above formulae, q is each independently 0 or 1. In one embodiment, q is 0. In another embodiment, q is 1.

In the formulae (A1) and (A2), R^Fis each independently a divalent fluoropolyether group.

R^Fis preferably a group represented by the following formula:

—(OC₆F₁₂)_a—(OC₅F₁₀)_b—(OC₄F₈)_c—(OC₃R^Fa₆)_d—(OC₂F₄)_e—(OCF₂)_f—

wherein

- R^Fais each independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a chlorine atom;
- a, b, c, d, e, and f are each independently an integer of 0 to 200, and the sum of a, b, c, d, e, and f is 1 or more; and the occurrence order of the respective repeating units enclosed in parentheses provided with a, b, c, d, e, or f is not limited in the formula; provided that when all R^Fagroups are hydrogen atoms or chlorine atoms, at least one of a, b, c, e, and f is 1 or more.

R^Fais preferably a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom, and more preferably a fluorine atom, provided that when all R^Fagroups are hydrogen atoms or chlorine atoms, at least one of a, b, c, e, and f is 1 or more.

a, b, c, d, e, and f may be preferably each independently an integer of 0 to 100.

The sum of a, b, c, d, e, and f is preferably 5 or more, is more preferably 10 or more, and may be, for example, 15 or more or 20 or more. The sum of a, b, c, d, e, and f is preferably 200 or less, is more preferably 100 or less, is even more preferably 60 or less, and may be, for example, 50 or less or 30 or less.

These repeating units may be linear or branched, and may contain a ring structure. For example, —(OC₆F₁₂)— may be —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF(CF₃)CF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF(CF₃)CF₂CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF₂CF(CF₃)CF₂CF₂)—, (OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF(CF₃)CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂CF(CF₃))—, or the like. —(OC₅F₁₀)— may be —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF(CF₃)CF₂CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF(CF₃)CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF₂CF(CF₃)CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF(CF₃))—, or the like. —(OC₄F₈)— may be any of —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF(CF₃)CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF(CF₃)CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF₂CF(CF₃))—, —(OC(CF₃)₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂C(CF₃)₂)—, —(OCF(CF₃)CF(CF₃))—, —(OCF(C₂F₅)CF₂)—, and —(OCF₂CF(C₂F₅))—. —(OC₃F₆)— (that is, in the above formula, R^Fais a fluorine atom) may be any of —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)—, and (OCF₂CF(CF₃))—. —(OC₂F₄)— may be any of —(OCF₂CF₂)— and —(OCF(CF₃))—.

The ring structure may be any of the following 3-membered ring, 4-membered rings, 5-membered rings, and 6-membered rings:

[Image Omitted]

wherein * represents a bond position.

The ring structure may be preferably a 4-membered ring, a 5-membered ring, or a 6-membered ring, and more preferably a 4-membered ring or a 6-membered ring.

The repeating units having a ring structure may be preferably any of the following units:

[Image Omitted]

wherein * represents a bond position.

In one embodiment, the above repeating units are linear. When the above repeating units are linear, the surface lubricity, friction durability, and the like of the surface-treating layer can be increased.

In one embodiment, the repeating units are branched. When the repeating units are branched, the dynamic friction coefficient of the surface-treating layer can be increased.

In one embodiment, R^Fis each independently a group represented by any of the following formulae (f1) to (f6):

—(OC₃F₆)_d—(OC₂F₄)_e— (f1)

wherein d is an integer of 1 to 200, and e is 0 or 1;

—(OC₄F₈)_c—(OC₃F₆)_d—(OC₂F₄)_e—(OCF₂)_f— (f2)

wherein c and d are each independently an integer of 0 or more and 30 or less, and e and f are each independently an integer of 1 or more and 200 or less,

- the sum of c, d, e, and f is 2 or more, and
- the occurrence order of the respective repeating units enclosed in parentheses provided with the subscript c, d, e, or f is not limited in the formula;

—(R⁶—R⁷)_g— (f3)

wherein R⁶is OCF₂or OC₂F₄,

- R⁷is a group selected from OC₂F₄, OC₃F₆, OC₄F₈, OC₅F₁₀, and OC₆F₁₂, or is a combination of two or three groups independently selected from these groups, and
- g is an integer of 2 to 100;

—(R⁶—R⁷)_g—R^r—(R^7′—R^6′)_g′— (f4)

wherein R⁶is OCF₂or OC₂F₄,

- R⁷is a group selected from OC₂F₄, OC₃F₆, OC₄F₈, OC₅F₁₀, and OC₆F₁₂, or is a combination of two or three groups independently selected from these groups,
- R^6′ is OCF₂or OC₂F₄,
- R^7′ is a group selected from OC₂F₄, OC₃F₆, OC₄F₈, OC₅F₁₀, and OC₆F₁₂, or is a combination of two or three groups independently selected from these groups,
- g is an integer of 2 to 100,
- g′ is an integer of 2 to 100, and
- R^ris any of:

[Image Omitted]

wherein * represents a bond position;

—(OC₆F₁₂)_a—(OC₅F₁₀)_b—(OC₄F₈)_c—(OC₃F₆)_d—(OC₂F₄)_e—(OCF₂)_f— (f5)

wherein e is an integer of 1 or more and 200 or less; a, b, c, d, and f are each independently an integer of 0 or more and 200 or less; and the occurrence order of the respective repeating units enclosed in parentheses provided with a, b, c, d, e, or f is not limited in the formula; and

—(OC₆F₁₂)_a—(OC₅F₁₀)_b—(OC₄F₈)_c—(OC₃F₆)_d—(OC₂F₄)_e—(OCF₂)_f— (f6)

wherein f is an integer of 1 or more and 200 or less; a, b, c, d, and e are each independently an integer of 0 or more and 200 or less; and the occurrence order of the respective repeating units enclosed in parentheses provided with a, b, c, d, e, or f is not limited in the formula.

In the formula (f1), d is an integer of preferably 5 to 200, more preferably 10 to 100, and even more preferably 15 to 50, such as 25 to 35. In one embodiment, e is 1. In another embodiment, e is 0. In the above formula (f1), (OC₃F₆) is preferably a group represented by (OCF₂CF₂CF₂), (OCF₂CF(CF₃)), or (OCF(CF₃)CF₂), and is more preferably a group represented by —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂)_d—. In the above formula (f1), (OC₂F₄) is preferably a group represented by (OCF₂CF₂) or (OCF(CF₃)), and is more preferably a group represented by (OCF₂CF₂).

In the above formula (f2), e and f are each independently an integer of preferably 5 to 200, and more preferably 10 to 200. The sum of c, d, e, and f is preferably 5 or more, is more preferably 10 or more, and may be, for example, 15 or more or 20 or more. In one embodiment, the above formula (f2) is preferably a group represented by —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂)_c—(OCF₂CF₂CF₂)_d—(OCF₂CF₂)_e—(OCF₂)_f—. In another embodiment, the formula (f2) may be a group represented by —(OC₂F₄)_e—(OCF₂)_f—.

In the above formula (f3), R⁶is preferably OC₂F₄. In the above (f3), R⁷is preferably a group selected from OC₂F₄, OC₃F₆, and OC₄F₈, or a combination of two or three groups independently selected from these groups, and more preferably a group selected from OC₃F₆and OC₄F₈. The combination of two or three groups independently selected from OC₂F₄, OC₃F₆, and OC₄F₈is not limited, and examples include —OC₂F₄OC₃F₆—, —OC₂F₄OC₄F₈—, —OC₃F₆OC₂F₄—, —OC₃F₆OC₃F₆—, —OC₃F₆OC₄F₈—, —OC₄F₈OC₄F₈—, —OC₄F₈OC₃F₆—, —OC₄F₈OC₂F₄—, —OC₂F₄OC₂F₄OC₃F₆—, —OC₂F₄OC₂F₄OC₄F₈—, —OC₂F₄OC₃F₆OC₂F₄—, —OC₂F₄OC₃F₆OC₃F₆—, —OC₂F₄OC₄F₈OC₂F₄—, —OC₃F₆OC₂F₄OC₂F₄—, —OC₃F₆OC₂F₄OC₃F₆—, —OC₃F₆OC₃F₆OC₂F₄—, and —OC₄F₈OC₂F₄OC₂F₄—. In the above formula (f3), g is an integer of preferably 3 or more, and more preferably 5 or more. g is preferably an integer of 50 or less. In the above formula (f3), OC₂F₄, OC₃F₆, OC₄F₈, OC₅F₁₀, and OC₆F₁₂may be either linear or branched, and are preferably linear. In this embodiment, the above formula (f3) is preferably —(OC₂F₄—OC₃F₆)_g—, or —(OC₂F₄—OC₄F₈)_g—.

In the formula (f4), R⁶, R⁷, and g have the same meanings as those described for the above formula (f3), and have the same embodiments. R^6′, R^7′, and g′ have the same meanings as those of R⁶, R⁷, and g set forth in the above formula (f3), respectively, and have the same embodiments. R^ris preferably:

[Image Omitted]

wherein * represents a bond position, and

more preferably

[Image Omitted]

wherein * represents a bond position.

In the above formula (f5), e is an integer of preferably 1 or more and 100 or less, and more preferably 5 or more and 100 or less. The sum of a, b, c, d, e, and f is preferably 5 or more, is more preferably 10 or more, and is, for example, 10 or more and 100 or less.

In the above formula (f6), f is an integer of preferably 1 or more and 100 or less, and more preferably 5 or more and 100 or less. The sum of a, b, c, d, e, and f is preferably 5 or more, is more preferably 10 or more, and is, for example, 10 or more and 100 or less.

In one embodiment, R^Fis a group represented by the above formula (f1) or (f2).

In one embodiment, R^Fis a group represented by the above formula (f1).

In one embodiment, R^Fis a group represented by the above formula (f2).

In one embodiment, R^Fis a group represented by the above formula (f3) or (f4).

In one embodiment, R^Fis a group represented by the above formula (f3).

In one embodiment, R^Fis a group represented by the above formula (f4).

In one embodiment, R^Fis a group represented by the above formula (f5).

In one embodiment, R^Fis a group represented by the above formula (f6).

In R^F, the ratio of e to f (hereinafter referred to as the “e/f ratio”) is 0.1 to 10, preferably 0.2 to 5, more preferably 0.2 to 2, even more preferably 0.2 to 1.5, and yet more preferably 0.2 to 0.85. With an e/f ratio of 10 or less, the lubricity, friction durability, and chemical resistance (such as durability against artificial sweat) of the surface-treating layer obtained from this compound are more increased. The lower the e/f ratio is, the more increased the lubricity and the friction durability of the surface-treating layer are. On the other hand, with an e/f ratio of 0.1 or more, the stability of the compound can be more enhanced. The higher the e/f ratio is, the more increased the stability of the compound is.

In one embodiment, the e/f ratio is preferably 0.2 to 0.95, and more preferably 0.2 to 0.9.

In one embodiment, from the viewpoint of heat resistance, the e/f ratio is preferably 1.0 or more, and more preferably 1.0 to 2.0.

In the fluorine-containing silane compound, the number average molecular weight of the R^F1and R^F2moieties is not limited, and is, for example, 500 to 30,000, preferably 1,500 to 30,000, and more preferably 2,000 to 10,000. Herein, the number average molecular weight of R^F1and R^F2is a value obtained by ¹⁹F-NMR measurement.

In another embodiment, the number average molecular weight of the R^F1and R^F2moieties is 500 to 30,000, preferably 1,000 to 20,000, more preferably 2,000 to 15,000, and even more preferably 2,000 to 10,000, and may be, for example, 3,000 to 6,000.

In another embodiment, the number average molecular weight of the R^F1and R^F2moieties may be 4,000 to 30,000, preferably 5,000 to 10,000, and more preferably 6,000 to 10,000.

In the above formulae (A1) and (A2), R^Siis each independently a monovalent group containing a Si atom to which a hydroxyl group, a hydrolyzable group, a hydrogen atom, or a monovalent organic group is bonded, and at least one R^Siis a monovalent group containing a Si atom to which a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group is bonded.

In a preferable embodiment, R^Siis a monovalent group containing a Si atom to which a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group is bonded, and more preferably a monovalent group containing a Si atom to which a hydrolyzable group is bonded.

In a preferable embodiment, R^Siis a group represented by the following formula (S1), (S2), (S3), (S4), or (S5):

[Formula 19]

[Image Omitted]

—SiR¹¹_n1R¹²_3-n1 (S2)

—SiR^a1_k1R^b1_l1R^c1_m1 (S3)

—CR^d1_k2R^e1_l2R^f1_m2 (S4)

—NR^g1R^h1 (S5)

In the above formulae, R¹¹is each independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group.

R¹¹is preferably each independently a hydrolyzable group.

R¹¹is preferably each independently —OR^j, —OCOR^j, —O—N═CR^j₂, —NR^j₂, —NHR^j, —NCO, or a halogen (in these formulae, R^jrepresents a substituted or unsubstituted C_1-4alkyl group), and more preferably —OR^j(that is, an alkoxy group). Examples of R^jinclude unsubstituted alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a n-butyl group, and an isobutyl group; and substituted alkyl groups such as a chloromethyl group. Among such groups, an alkyl group, in particular an unsubstituted alkyl group, is preferable, and a methyl group or an ethyl group is more preferable. In one embodiment, R^jis a methyl group, and in another embodiment, R^jis an ethyl group.

In the above formulae, R¹²is each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group. Such a monovalent organic group is a monovalent organic group excluding the above hydrolyzable group.

In R¹², the monovalent organic group is preferably a C_1-20alkyl group, more preferably a C_1-6alkyl group, and even more preferably a methyl group.

In the above formulae, n1 is each independently an integer of 0 to 3 for each (SiR¹¹_n1R¹²_3-n1) unit. However, when R^Siis a group represented by the formula (S1) or (S2), the R^Simoiety at the terminal of the formula (A1) and the formula (A2) (hereinafter, also referred to simply as the “terminal moiety” of the formula (A1) and the formula (A2)) has at least one (SiR¹¹_n1R¹²_3-n1) unit wherein n1 is 1 to 3. That is, in such terminal moieties, not all n1 are 0 at the same time. In other words, in the terminal moieties of the formula (A1) and the formula (A2), at least one Si atom to which a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group is bonded is present.

n1 is each independently an integer of preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 2 to 3, and even more preferably 3 for each (SiR¹¹_n1R¹²_3-n1) unit.

In the above formulae, X¹¹is each independently a single bond or a divalent organic group. Such a divalent organic group is preferably —R²⁸—O_x—R²⁹— (wherein R²⁸and R²⁹are each independently a single bond or a C_1-20alkylene group, and x is 0 or 1). Such a C_1-20alkylene group may be linear or may be branched, and is preferably linear. Such a C_1-20alkylene group is preferably a C_1-10alkylene group, more preferably a C_1-6alkylene group, and even more preferably a C_1-3alkylene group.

In one embodiment, X¹¹is each independently —C_1-6alkylene-O—C_1-6alkylene- or —O—C_1-6alkylene-.

In a preferable embodiment, X¹¹is each independently a single bond or a linear C_1-6alkylene group, preferably a single bond or a linear C_1-3alkylene group, more preferably a single bond or a linear C_1-2alkylene group, and even more preferably a linear C_1-2alkylene group.

In the above formulae, R¹³is each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group. Such a monovalent organic group is preferably a C_1-20alkyl group. Such a C_1-20alkyl group may be linear or branched, and is preferably linear.

In a preferable embodiment, R¹³is each independently a hydrogen atom or a linear C_1-6alkyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom or a linear C_1-3alkyl group, and preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.

In the above formulae, t is each independently an integer of 2 or more.

In a preferable embodiment, t is each independently an integer of 2 to 10, and preferably an integer of 2 to 6.

In the above formulae, R¹⁴is each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or —X¹¹—SiR¹¹_n1R¹²_3-n1. Such a halogen atom is preferably an iodine atom, a chlorine atom, or a fluorine atom, and more preferably a fluorine atom. In a preferable embodiment, R¹⁴is a hydrogen atom.

In the above formulae, R¹⁵is each independently at each occurrence a single bond, an oxygen atom, an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkyleneoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

In one embodiment, R¹⁵is each independently at each occurrence an oxygen atom, an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkyleneoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

In a preferable embodiment, R¹⁵is a single bond.

In one embodiment, the formula (S1) is the following formula (S1-a):

[Image Omitted]

wherein

- R¹¹, R¹², R¹³, X¹¹, and n1 have the same meanings as those described for the above formula (S1),
- t1 and t2 are each independently an integer of 1 or more, preferably an integer of 1 to 10, and more preferably an integer of 2 to 10, such as an integer of 1 to 5 or an integer of 2 to 5, and
- the occurrence order of the respective repeating units enclosed in parentheses provided with t1 and t2 is not limited in the formula.

In a preferable embodiment, the formula (S1) is the following formula (S1-b):

[Image Omitted]

wherein R¹¹, R¹², R¹³, X¹¹, n1, and t have the same meanings as those described for the above formula (S1).

In the above formula, R^a1is each independently -Z¹-SiR²¹_p1R²²_q1R²³_r1.

Z¹is each independently an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group. Below, the structure denoted as Z¹is bonded to (SiR²¹_p1R²²_q1R²³_r1) on the right side.

In a preferable embodiment, Z¹is a divalent organic group.

In a preferable embodiment, Z¹does not include a group that forms a siloxane bond with the Si atom to which Z¹is bonded. Preferably, in the formula (S3), (Si-Z¹-Si) does not contain a siloxane bond.

Z¹is preferably a C_1-6alkylene group, —(CH₂)_z1—O—(CH₂)_z2— (wherein z1 is an integer of 0 to 6 such as an integer of 1 to 6, and z2 is an integer of 0 to 6 such as an integer of 1 to 6), or —(CH₂)_z3-phenylene-(CH₂)_z4— (wherein z3 is an integer of 0 to 6 such as an integer of 1 to 6, and z4 is an integer of 0 to 6 such as an integer of 1 to 6). Such a C_1-6alkylene group may be linear or may be branched, and is preferably linear. These groups may be substituted with, for example, one or more substituents selected from a fluorine atom, a C_1-6alkyl group, a C_2-6alkenyl group, and a C_2-6alkynyl group, and are preferably unsubstituted.

In a preferable embodiment, Z¹is a C_1-6alkylene group or —(CH₂)_z3-phenylene-(CH₂)_z4—, and preferably -phenylene-(CH₂)_z4—. When Z¹is such a group, light resistance, in particular ultraviolet resistance, can be further enhanced.

In another preferable embodiment, Z¹is a C_1-3alkylene group. In one embodiment, Z¹may be —CH₂CH₂CH₂—. In another embodiment, Z¹may be —CH₂CH₂—.

R²¹is each independently -Z^1′-SiR^21′_p1′R^22′_q1′R^23′_r1′.

Z^1′ is each independently an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group. Below, the structure denoted as Z^1′ is bonded to (SiR^21′_p1′R^22′_q1′R^23′_r1′) on the right side.

In a preferable embodiment, Z^1′ is a divalent organic group.

In a preferable embodiment, Z^1′ does not include a group that forms a siloxane bond with the Si atom to which Z^1′ is bonded. Preferably, in the formula (S3), (Si-Z^1′-Si) does not contain a siloxane bond.

Z^1′ is preferably a C_1-6alkylene group, —(CH₂)_z1′—O—(CH₂)_z2′— (wherein z1′ is an integer of 0 to 6 such as an integer of 1 to 6, and z2′ is an integer of 0 to 6 such as an integer of 1 to 6), or —(CH₂)_z3′-phenylene-(CH₂)_z4′— (wherein z3′ is an integer of 0 to 6 such as an integer of 1 to 6, and z4′ is an integer of 0 to 6 such as an integer of 1 to 6). Such a C_1-6alkylene group may be linear or may be branched, and is preferably linear. These groups may be substituted with, for example, one or more substituents selected from a fluorine atom, a C_1-6alkyl group, a C_2-6alkenyl group, and a C_2-6alkynyl group, and are preferably unsubstituted.

In a preferable embodiment, Z^1′ is a C_1-6alkylene group or —(CH₂)_z3′-phenylene-(CH₂)_z4′—, and preferably -phenylene-(CH₂)_z4′—. When Z^1′ is such a group, light resistance, in particular ultraviolet resistance, can be further enhanced.

In another preferable embodiment, Z^1′ is a C_1-3alkylene group. In one embodiment, Z^1′ may be —CH₂CH₂CH₂—. In another embodiment, Z^1′ may be —CH₂CH₂—.

R^21′ is each independently -Z^1″-SiR^22″_q1—R^23″_r1″.

Z^1″ is each independently an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group. Below, the structure denoted as Z^1″ is bonded to (SiR^22″_q1″R^23″_r1″) on the right side.

In a preferable embodiment, Z^1″ is a divalent organic group.

In a preferable embodiment, Z^1″ does not include a group that forms a siloxane bond with the Si atom to which Z^1″ is bonded. Preferably, in the formula (S3), (Si-Z^1″-Si) does not contain a siloxane bond.

Z^1″ is preferably a C_1-6alkylene group, —(CH₂)_z1″—O—(CH₂)_z2″— (wherein z1″ is an integer of 0 to 6 such as an integer of 1 to 6, and z2″ is an integer of 0 to 6 such as an integer of 1 to 6), or —(CH₂)_z3″-phenylene-(CH₂)_z4″— (wherein z3″ is an integer of 0 to 6 such as an integer of 1 to 6, and z4″ is an integer of 0 to 6 such as an integer of 1 to 6). Such a C_1-6alkylene group may be linear or may be branched, and is preferably linear. These groups may be substituted with, for example, one or more substituents selected from a fluorine atom, a C_1-6alkyl group, a C_2-6alkenyl group, and a C_2-6alkynyl group, and are preferably unsubstituted.

In a preferable embodiment, Z^1″ is a C_1-6alkylene group or —(CH₂)_z3″-phenylene-(CH₂)_z4″—, and preferably -phenylene-(CH₂)_z4″—. When Z^1″ is such a group, light resistance, in particular ultraviolet resistance, can be further enhanced.

In another preferable embodiment, Z^1″ is a C_1-3alkylene group. In one embodiment, Z^1″ may be —CH₂CH₂CH₂—. In another embodiment, Z^1″ may be —CH₂CH₂—.

R^22″ is each independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group.

R^22′ is preferably each independently a hydrolyzable group.

R^22″ is preferably each independently —OR^j, —OCOR^j, —O—N═CR^j₂, —NR^j₂, —NHR^j, —NCO, or a halogen (in these formulae, R^jrepresents a substituted or unsubstituted C_1-4alkyl group), and more preferably —OR^j(that is, an alkoxy group). Examples of R^jinclude unsubstituted alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a n-butyl group, and an isobutyl group; and substituted alkyl groups such as a chloromethyl group. Among such groups, an alkyl group, in particular an unsubstituted alkyl group, is preferable, and a methyl group or an ethyl group is more preferable. In one embodiment, R^jis a methyl group, and in another embodiment, R^jis an ethyl group.

R^23″ is each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group. Such a monovalent organic group is a monovalent organic group excluding the above hydrolyzable group.

In one embodiment, the monovalent organic group is a C_1-20alkyl group, more preferably a C_1-6alkyl group, and even more preferably a methyl group.

q1″ is each independently an integer of 0 to 3, and r1″ is each independently an integer of 0 to 3. The sum of q1″ and r1″ is 3 in the (SiR^22″_q1″R^23″_r1″) unit.

q1″ is each independently an integer of preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 2 to 3, and even more preferably 3 for each (SiR^22″_q1″R^23″_r1″) unit.

R^22′ is each independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group.

R^22′ is preferably each independently a hydrolyzable group.

R^22′ is preferably each independently —OR^j, —OCOR^j, —O—N═CR^j₂, —NR^j₂, —NHR^j, —NCO, or a halogen (in these formulae, R^jrepresents a substituted or unsubstituted C_1-4alkyl group), and more preferably —OR^j(that is, an alkoxy group). Examples of R^jinclude unsubstituted alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a n-butyl group, and an isobutyl group; and substituted alkyl groups such as a chloromethyl group. Among such groups, an alkyl group, in particular an unsubstituted alkyl group, is preferable, and a methyl group or an ethyl group is more preferable. In one embodiment, R^jis a methyl group, and in another embodiment, R^jis an ethyl group.

R^23′ is each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group. Such a monovalent organic group is a monovalent organic group excluding the hydrolyzable group.

In one embodiment, the monovalent organic group is a C_1-20alkyl group, more preferably a C_1-6alkyl group, and even more preferably a methyl group.

p1′ is each independently an integer 0 to 3, q1′ is each independently an integer of 0 to 3, and r1′ is each independently an integer of 0 to 3. The sum of p′, q1′, and r1′ is 3 in the (SiR^21′_p1′R^22′_q1′R^23′_r1′) unit.

In one embodiment, p1′ is 0.

In one embodiment, p1′ may be each independently an integer of 1 to 3, an integer of 2 to 3, or 3 for each (SiR^21′_p1′R^22′_q1′R^23′_r1′) unit. In a preferable embodiment, p1′ is 3.

In one embodiment, q1′ is each independently an integer of 1 to 3, preferably an integer of 2 to 3, and more preferably 3 for each (SiR^21′_p1′R^22′_q1′R^23′_r1′) unit.

In one embodiment, p1′ is 0, and q1′ is each independently an integer of 1 to 3, preferably an integer of 2 to 3, and even more preferably 3 for each (SiR^21′_p1′R^22′_q1′R^23′_r1′) unit.

R²²is each independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group.

R²²is preferably each independently a hydrolyzable group.

R²²is preferably each independently —OR^j, —OCOR^j, —O—N═CR^j₂, —NR^j₂, —NHR^j, —NCO, or a halogen (in these formulae, R^jrepresents a substituted or unsubstituted C_1-4alkyl group), and more preferably —OR^j(that is, an alkoxy group). Examples of R^jinclude unsubstituted alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a n-butyl group, and an isobutyl group; and substituted alkyl groups such as a chloromethyl group. Among such groups, an alkyl group, in particular an unsubstituted alkyl group, is preferable, and a methyl group or an ethyl group is more preferable. In one embodiment, R^jis a methyl group, and in another embodiment, R^jis an ethyl group.

R²³is each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group. Such a monovalent organic group is a monovalent organic group excluding the hydrolyzable group.

In one embodiment, the monovalent organic group is a C_1-20alkyl group, more preferably a C_1-6alkyl group, and even more preferably a methyl group.

p1 is each independently an integer 0 to 3, q1 is each independently an integer of 0 to 3, and r1 is each independently an integer of 0 to 3. The sum of p1, q1, and r1 is 3 in the (SiR²¹_p1R²²_q1R²³_r1) unit.

In one embodiment, p1 is 0.

In one embodiment, p1 may be each independently an integer of 1 to 3, an integer of 2 to 3, or 3 for each (SiR²¹_p1R²²_q1R²³_r1) unit. In a preferable embodiment, p1 is 3.

In one embodiment, q1 is each independently an integer of 1 to 3, preferably an integer of 2 to 3, and more preferably 3 for each (SiR²¹_p1R²²_q1R²³_r1) unit.

In one embodiment, p1 is 0, and q1 is each independently an integer of 1 to 3, preferably an integer of 2 to 3, and even more preferably 3 for each (SiR²¹_p1R²²_q1R²³_r1) unit.

In the above formula, R^b1is each independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group.

R^b1is preferably each independently a hydrolyzable group.

R^b1is preferably each independently —OR, —OCOR^j, —O—N═CR^j₂, —NR^j₂, —NHR^j, —NCO, or a halogen (in these formulae, R^jrepresents a substituted or unsubstituted C_1-4alkyl group), and more preferably —OR^j(that is, an alkoxy group). Examples of R^jinclude unsubstituted alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a n-butyl group, and an isobutyl group; and substituted alkyl groups such as a chloromethyl group. Among such groups, an alkyl group, in particular an unsubstituted alkyl group, is preferable, and a methyl group or an ethyl group is more preferable. In one embodiment, R^jis a methyl group, and in another embodiment, R^jis an ethyl group.

In the above formula, R^c1is each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group. Such a monovalent organic group is a monovalent organic group excluding the above hydrolyzable group.

In one embodiment, the monovalent organic group is a C_1-20alkyl group, more preferably a C_1-6alkyl group, and even more preferably a methyl group.

k1 is each independently an integer 0 to 3, 11 is each independently an integer of 0 to 3, and m1 is each independently an integer of 0 to 3. The sum of k1, l1, and m1 is 3 in the (SiR^a1_k1R^b1_l1R^c1_m1) unit.

In one embodiment, k1 is each independently an integer of 1 to 3, preferably 2 or 3, and more preferably 3 for each (SiR^a1_k1R^b1_l1R^c1_m1) unit. In a preferable embodiment, k1 is 3.

In the above formulae (A1) and (A2), when R^Siis a group represented by the formula (S3), preferably, at least two Si atoms to which a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group is bonded are present in the terminal moieties of the formula (A1) and the formula (A2).

In a preferable embodiment, the group represented by the formula (S3) has any one of -Z¹-SiR²²_q1R²³_r1(wherein q1 is an integer of 1 to 3, preferably 2 or 3, and more preferably 3, and r1 is an integer of 0 to 2), -Z^1′-SiR^22′_q1′R^23′_r1′ (wherein q1′ is an integer of 1 to 3, preferably 2 or 3, and more preferably 3, and r1′ is an integer of 0 to 2), and -Z^1″-SiR^22″_q1″R^23″_r1″ (wherein q1″ is an integer of 1 to 3, preferably 2 or 3, and more preferably 3, and r1″ is an integer of 0 to 2). Z¹, Z^1′, Z^1″, R²², R²³, R^22′, R^23′, R^22″, and R^23″ have the same meanings as defined above.

In a preferable embodiment, when R^21′ is present in the formula (S3), q1″ is an integer of 1 to 3, preferably 2 or 3, and more preferably 3 in at least one and preferably all R^21′ groups.

In a preferable embodiment, when R²¹is present in the formula (S3), p1′ is 0, and q1′ is an integer of 1 to 3, preferably 2 or 3, and more preferably 3 in at least one and preferably all R²¹groups.

In a preferable embodiment, when R^a1is present in the formula (S3), p1 is 0, and q1 is an integer of 1 to 3, preferably 2 or 3, and more preferably 3 in at least one and preferably all R^a1groups.

In a preferable embodiment, in the formula (S3), k1 is 2 or 3 and preferably 3, p1 is 0, q1 is 2 or 3 and preferably 3.

R^d1is each independently -Z²-CR³¹_p2R³²_q2R³³_r2.

Z²is each independently a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a divalent organic group. Below, the structure denoted as Z²is bonded to (CR³¹_p2R³²_q2R³³_r2) on the right side.

In a preferable embodiment, Z²is a divalent organic group.

Z²is preferably a C_1-6alkylene group, —(CH₂)_z5—O—(CH₂)_z6— (wherein z5 is an integer of 0 to 6 such as an integer of 1 to 6, and z6 is an integer of 0 to 6 such as an integer of 1 to 6), or —(CH₂)_z7-phenylene-(CH₂)_z8— (wherein z7 is an integer of 0 to 6 such as an integer of 1 to 6, and z8 is an integer of 0 to 6 such as an integer of 1 to 6). Such a C_1-6alkylene group may be linear or may be branched, and is preferably linear. These groups may be substituted with, for example, one or more substituents selected from a fluorine atom, a C_1-6alkyl group, a C_2-6alkenyl group, and a C_2-6alkynyl group, and are preferably unsubstituted.

In a preferable embodiment, Z²is a C_1-6alkylene group or —(CH₂)_z7-phenylene-(CH₂)_z8—, and preferably -phenylene-(CH₂)_z8—. When Z²is such a group, light resistance, in particular ultraviolet resistance, can be further enhanced.

In another preferable embodiment, Z²is a C_1-3alkylene group. In one embodiment, Z²may be —CH₂CH₂CH₂—. In another embodiment, Z²may be —CH₂CH₂—.

R³¹is each independently -Z^2′-CR^32′_q2′R^33′_r2′.

Z^2′ is each independently a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a divalent organic group. Below, the structure denoted as Z^2′ is bonded to (CR^32′_q2′R^33′_r2′) on the right side.

Z^2′ is preferably a C_1-6alkylene group, —(CH₂)_z5′—O—(CH₂)_z6′— (wherein z5′ is an integer of 0 to 6 such as an integer of 1 to 6, and z6′ is an integer of 0 to 6 such as an integer of 1 to 6), or —(CH₂)_z7-phenylene-(CH₂)_z8′— (wherein z7′ is an integer of 0 to 6 such as an integer of 1 to 6, and z8′ is an integer of 0 to 6 such as an integer of 1 to 6). Such a C_1-6alkylene group may be linear or may be branched, and is preferably linear. These groups may be substituted with, for example, one or more substituents selected from a fluorine atom, a C_1-6alkyl group, a C_2-6alkenyl group, and a C_2-6alkynyl group, and are preferably unsubstituted.

In a preferable embodiment, Z^2′ is a C_1-6alkylene group or —(CH₂)_z7′-phenylene-(CH₂)_z8′—, and preferably -phenylene-(CH₂)_z8′—. When Z^2′ is such a group, light resistance, in particular ultraviolet resistance, can be further enhanced.

In another preferable embodiment, Z^2′ is a C_1-3alkylene group. In one embodiment, Z^2′ may be —CH₂CH₂CH₂—. In another embodiment, Z^2′ may be —CH₂CH₂—.

R^32′ is each independently -Z³-SiR³⁴_n2R³⁵_3-n2.

Z³is each independently a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a divalent organic group. Below, the structure denoted as Z³is bonded to (SiR³⁴_n2R³⁵_3-n2) on the right side.

In one embodiment, Z³is an oxygen atom.

In one embodiment, Z³is a divalent organic group.

Z³is preferably a C_1-6alkylene group, —(CH₂)_z5″—O—(CH₂)_z6″— (wherein z5″ is an integer of 0 to 6 such as an integer of 1 to 6, and z6″ is an integer of 0 to 6 such as an integer of 1 to 6), or —(CH₂)_z7″-phenylene-(CH₂)_z8″— (wherein z7″ is an integer of 0 to 6 such as an integer of 1 to 6, and z8″ is an integer of 0 to 6 such as an integer of 1 to 6). Such a C_1-6alkylene group may be linear or may be branched, and is preferably linear. These groups may be substituted with, for example, one or more substituents selected from a fluorine atom, a C_1-6alkyl group, a C_2-6alkenyl group, and a C_2-6alkynyl group, and are preferably unsubstituted.

In a preferable embodiment, Z³is a C_1-6alkylene group or —(CH₂)_z7″-phenylene-(CH₂)_z8″—, preferably -phenylene-(CH₂)_z8″—. When Z³is such a group, light resistance, in particular ultraviolet resistance, can be further enhanced.

In another preferable embodiment, Z³is a C_1-3alkylene group. In one embodiment, Z³may be —CH₂CH₂CH₂—. In another embodiment, Z³may be —CH₂CH₂—.

R³⁴is each independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group.

R³⁴is preferably each independently a hydrolyzable group.

R³⁴is preferably each independently —OR^j, —OCOR^j, —O—N═CR^j₂, —NR^j₂, —NHR^j, —NCO, or a halogen (in these formulae, R^jrepresents a substituted or unsubstituted C_1-4alkyl group), and more preferably —OR^j(that is, an alkoxy group). Examples of R^jinclude unsubstituted alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a n-butyl group, and an isobutyl group; and substituted alkyl groups such as a chloromethyl group. Among such groups, an alkyl group, in particular an unsubstituted alkyl group, is preferable, and a methyl group or an ethyl group is more preferable. In one embodiment, R^jis a methyl group, and in another embodiment, R^jis an ethyl group.

R³⁵is each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group. Such a monovalent organic group is a monovalent organic group excluding the above hydrolyzable group.

In R³⁵, the monovalent organic group is preferably a C_1-20alkyl group, more preferably a C_1-6alkyl group, and even more preferably a methyl group.

In the above formula, n2 is each independently an integer of 0 to 3 for each (SiR³⁴_n2R³⁵_3-n2) unit. However, when R^Siis a group represented by the formula (S4), the terminal moieties of the formula (A1) and the formula (A2) have at least one (SiR³⁴_n2R³⁵_3-n2) unit wherein n2 is 1 to 3. That is, in such terminal moieties, not all n2 are 0 at the same time. In other words, in the terminal moieties of the formula (A1) and the formula (A2), at least one Si atom to which a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group is bonded is present.

n2 is each independently an integer of preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 2 to 3, and even more preferably 3 for each (SiR³⁴_n2R³⁵_3-n2) unit.

R^33′ is each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a monovalent organic group. Such a monovalent organic group is a monovalent organic group excluding the hydrolyzable group.

In R^33′, the monovalent organic group may preferably be a C_1-20alkyl group or a group represented by R^41′—(OR^42′)_y1′—O_y2′—, wherein R^41′ is a hydrogen atom or a C_1-6alkyl group, R^42′ is each independently a C_1-6alkylene group, y1′ is an integer of 1 to 30, and y2′ is 0 or 1.

In one embodiment, R^41′ is a hydrogen atom.

In another embodiment, R^41′ is a C_1-6alkyl group and preferably a C_1-3alkyl group.

R^42′ is each independently a C_1-6alkylene group, preferably a C_1-3alkylene group, and more preferably a C_2-3alkylene group.

y1′ is an integer of 1 to 30, preferably an integer of 1 to 20, more preferably an integer of 1 to 10, even more preferably an integer of 2 to 10, such as an integer of 2 to 6, an integer of 2 to 4, an integer of 3 to 6, or an integer of 4 to 6.

In one embodiment, R^33′ is a hydroxyl group.

In another embodiment, R^33′ is a C_1-20alkyl group and more preferably a C_1-6alkyl group.

In another embodiment, R^33′ is R^41′—(OR^42′)_y1′—O_y2′—.

q2′ is each independently an integer of 0 to 3, and r2′ is each independently an integer of 0 to 3. The sum of q2′ and r2′ is 3 in the (CR^32′_q2′R^33′_r2′) unit.

q2′ is each independently an integer of preferably 1 to 3, more preferably 2 to 3, and even more preferably 3 for each (CR^32′_q2′R^33′_r2) unit.

R³²is each independently -Z³-SiR³⁴_n2R³⁵_3-n2. Such -Z³-SiR³⁴_n2R³⁵_3-n2has the same meanings as those described for R^32′.

R³³is each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a monovalent organic group. Such a monovalent organic group is a monovalent organic group excluding the hydrolyzable group.

In R³³, the monovalent organic group may preferably be a C_1-20alkyl group or a group represented by R⁴¹—(OR⁴²)_y1—O_y2—, wherein R⁴¹is a hydrogen atom or a C_1-6alkyl group, R⁴²is each independently a C_1-6alkylene group, y1 is an integer of 1 to 30, and y2 is 0 or 1.

In one embodiment, R⁴¹is a hydrogen atom.

In another embodiment, R⁴¹is a C_1-6alkyl group and preferably a C_1-3alkyl group.

R⁴²is each independently a C_1-6alkylene group, preferably a C_1-3alkylene group, and more preferably a C_2-3alkylene group.

y1 is an integer of 1 to 30, preferably an integer of 1 to 20, more preferably an integer of 1 to 10, even more preferably an integer of 2 to 10, such as an integer of 2 to 6, an integer of 2 to 4, an integer of 3 to 6, or an integer of 4 to 6.

In one embodiment, R³³is a hydroxyl group.

In another embodiment, R³³is a C_1-20alkyl group and more preferably a C_1-6alkyl group.

In another embodiment, R³³is R⁴¹—(OR⁴²)_y1—O_y2—.

p2 is each independently an integer of 0 to 3, q2 is each independently an integer of 0 to 3, and r2 is each independently an integer of 0 to 3. The sum of p2, q2, and r2 is 3 in the (CR³¹_p2R³²_q2R³³_r2) unit.

In one embodiment, p2 is 0.

In one embodiment, p2 may be each independently an integer of 1 to 3, an integer of 2 to 3, or 3 for each (CR³¹_p2R³²_q2R³³_r2) unit. In a preferable embodiment, p2 is 3.

In one embodiment, q2 is each independently an integer of 1 to 3, preferably an integer of 2 to 3, and more preferably 3 for each (CR³¹_p2R³²_q2R³³_r2) unit.

In one embodiment, p2 is 0, and q2 is each independently an integer of 1 to 3, preferably an integer of 2 to 3, and even more preferably 3 for each (CR³¹_p2R³²_q2R³³_r2) unit.

R^e1is each independently -Z³-SiR³⁴_n2R³⁵_3-n2. Such -Z³-SiR³⁴_n2R³⁵_3-n2has the same meanings as those described for R^32′.

R^f1is each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a monovalent organic group. Such a monovalent organic group is a monovalent organic group excluding the hydrolyzable group.

In R^f1, the monovalent organic group may preferably be a C_1-20alkyl group or a group represented by R⁴³—(OR⁴⁴)_y3—O_y4—, wherein R⁴³is a hydrogen atom or a C_1-6alkyl group, R⁴⁴is each independently a C_1-6alkylene group, y3 is an integer of 1 to 30, and y4 is 0 or 1.

In one embodiment, R⁴³is a hydrogen atom.

In another embodiment, R⁴³is a C_1-6alkyl group and preferably a C_1-3alkyl group.

R⁴⁴is each independently a C_1-6alkylene group, preferably a C_1-3alkylene group, and more preferably a C_2-3alkylene group.

y3 is an integer of 1 to 30, preferably an integer of 1 to 20, more preferably an integer of 1 to 10, even more preferably an integer of 2 to 10, such as an integer of 2 to 6, an integer of 2 to 4, an integer of 3 to 6, or an integer of 4 to 6.

In one embodiment, R^f1is a hydroxyl group.

In another embodiment, R^f1is a C_1-20alkyl group and more preferably a C_1-6alkyl group.

In another embodiment, R^f1is R⁴³—(OR⁴⁴)_y3—O_y4—.

k2 is each independently an integer 0 to 3, 12 is each independently an integer of 0 to 3, and m2 is each independently an integer of 0 to 3. The sum of k2, l2, and m2 is 3 in the (CR^d1_k2R^e1_l2R^f1_m2) unit.

In the above formulae (A1) and (A2), when R^Siis a group represented by the formula (S4), preferably, at least two Si atoms to which a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group is bonded are present in the terminal moieties of the formula (A1) and the formula (A2).

In one embodiment, when R^Siis a group represented by the formula (S4), 2 or more, for example, 2 to 27, preferably 2 to 9, more preferably 2 to 6, even more preferably 2 to 3, and particularly preferably 3 (SiR³⁴_n2R³⁵_3-n2) units wherein n2 is 1 to 3, preferably 2 or 3, and more preferably 3 are present in each terminal moiety of the formula (A1) and the formula (A2).

In a preferable embodiment, when R^32′ is present in the formula (S4), n2 is an integer of 1 to 3, preferably 2 or 3, and more preferably 3 in at least one and preferably all R^32′ groups.

In a preferable embodiment, when R³²is present in the formula (S4), n2 is an integer of 1 to 3, preferably 2 or 3, and more preferably 3 in at least one and preferably all R³²groups.

In a preferable embodiment, when R^e1is present in the formula (S4), n2 is an integer of 1 to 3, preferably 2 or 3, and more preferably 3 in at least one and preferably all R^a1groups.

In a preferable embodiment, k2 is 0, 12 is 2 or 3 and preferably 3, and n2 is 2 or 3 and preferably 3 in the formula (S4).

R^g1and R^h1are each independently -Z⁴-SiR¹¹_n1R¹²_3-n1, -Z⁴-SiR^a1_k1R^b1_l1R^c1_m1, or -Z⁴-CR^d1_k2R^e1_l2R^f1_m2. Here, R¹, R¹², R^a1, R^b2, R^c1, R^d1, R^e1, R^f1, n1, k1, l1, m1, k2, l2, and m2 are as defined above.

In a preferable embodiment, R^g1and R^h1are each independently -Z⁴-SiR¹¹_n1R¹²_3-n1.

Z⁴is each independently a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a divalent organic group. Below, the structure denoted as Z⁴is bonded to (SiR¹¹_n1R¹²_3-n1) on the right side.

In one embodiment, Z⁴is an oxygen atom.

In one embodiment, Z⁴is a divalent organic group.

Z⁴is preferably a C_1-6alkylene group, —(CH₂)_z5″—O—(CH₂)_z6″— (wherein z5″ is an integer of 0 to 6 such as an integer of 1 to 6, and z6″ is an integer of 0 to 6 such as an integer of 1 to 6), or —(CH₂)_z7″-phenylene-(CH₂)_z8″— (wherein z7″ is an integer of 0 to 6 such as an integer of 1 to 6, and z8″ is an integer of 0 to 6 such as an integer of 1 to 6). Such a C_1-6alkylene group may be linear or may be branched, and is preferably linear. These groups may be substituted with, for example, one or more substituents selected from a fluorine atom, a C_1-6alkyl group, a C_2-6alkenyl group, and a C_2-6alkynyl group, and are preferably unsubstituted.

In a preferred embodiment, Z⁴is a C_1-6alkylene group or —(CH₂)_z7″-phenylene-(CH₂)_z8″—, and preferably -phenylene-(CH₂)_z8″—. When Z³is such a group, light resistance, in particular ultraviolet resistance, can be further enhanced.

In another preferable embodiment, Z⁴is a C_1-3alkylene group. In one embodiment, Z⁴may be —CH₂CH₂CH₂—. In another embodiment, Z⁴may be —CH₂CH₂—.

In one embodiment, R^Siis a group represented by the formula (S2), (S3), (S4), or (S5). These compounds are capable of forming a surface-treating layer having high surface lubricity.

In one embodiment, R^Siis a group represented by the formula (S1), (S3), (S4), or (S5). These compounds have a plurality of hydrolyzable groups at one terminal, and are therefore capable of forming a surface-treating layer that firmly adheres to a substrate and that has high friction durability.

In one embodiment, R^Siis a group represented by the formula (S1), (S3), or (S4). These compounds have a plurality of hydrolyzable groups at one terminal, and are therefore capable of forming a surface-treating layer that firmly adheres to a substrate and that has high friction durability.

In one embodiment, R^Siis a group represented by the formula (S3) or (S4). These compounds can have a plurality of hydrolyzable groups branched from one Si atom or C atom at one terminal, and are therefore capable of forming a surface-treating layer that has higher friction durability.

In one embodiment, R^Siis a group represented by the formula (S1).

In one embodiment, R^Siis a group represented by the formula (S2).

In one embodiment, R^Siis a group represented by the formula (S3).

In one embodiment, R^Siis a group represented by the formula (S4).

In one embodiment, R^Siis a group represented by the formula (S5).

In the formulae (A1) and (A2), X^Ais interpreted as a linker connecting fluoropolyether moieties (R^F1and R^F2), which mainly provide water-repellency, surface lubricity and the like, to a moiety (R^Si) providing the ability of binding to a substrate. Accordingly, such X^Amay be a single bond or any group as long as the compounds represented by the formulae (A1) and (A2) can stably exist.

In the above formula (A1), α1 is an integer of 1 to 9, and β1 is an integer of 1 to 9. These α1 and β1 may vary depending on the valence of X^A. The sum of α1 and β1 is the same as the valence of X^A. For example, when X^Ais a decavalent organic group, the sum of α1 and β1 is 10, e.g., α1 may be 9 and β may be 1, α1 may be 5 and β1 may be 5, or α1 may be 1 and β1 may be 9. When X^Ais a divalent organic group, α1 and β1 are 1.

In the above formula (A2), γ is an integer of 1 to 9. γ may vary depending on the valence of X^A. That is, γ is a value obtained by subtracting 1 from the valence of X^A.

X^Ais each independently a single bond or a di- to decavalent organic group.

In one embodiment, X^Adoes not include a siloxane bond (—Si—O—Si—).

The di- to decavalent organic group in X^Ais preferably a di- to octavalent organic group. In one embodiment, such a di- to decavalent organic group is preferably a di- to tetravalent organic group, and more preferably a divalent organic group. In another embodiment, such a di- to decavalent organic group is preferably a tri- to octavalent organic group, and more preferably a tri- to hexavalent organic group.

In one embodiment, X^Ais a single bond or a divalent organic group, α1 is 1, and β1 is 1.

In one embodiment, X^Ais a single bond or a divalent organic group, γ is 1.

In one embodiment, X^Ais a tri- to hexavalent organic group, α1 is 1, and β1 is 2 to 5.

In one embodiment, X^Ais a tri- to hexavalent organic group, and γ is 2 to 5.

In one embodiment, X^Ais a trivalent organic group, α1 is 1, and β1 is 2.

In one embodiment, X^Ais a trivalent organic group, and γ is 2.

When X^Ais a single bond or a divalent organic group, the formulae (A1) and (A2) are represented by the following formulae (A1′) and (A2′).

[Formula 22]

R^F1—X^A—R^Si (A1′)

R^Si—X^A—R^F2—X^A—R^Si (A2′)

In one embodiment, X^Ais a single bond.

In another embodiment, X^Ais a divalent organic group.

In one embodiment, examples of X^Ainclude a single bond or a divalent organic group represented by the following formula:

—(R⁵¹)_p5—(X⁵¹)_q5—

wherein

- R⁵¹represents a single bond, —(CH₂)_s5—, or an o-, m- or p-phenylene group, and is preferably —(CH₂)_s5—,
- s5 is an integer of 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 6, more preferably 1 to 3, and even more preferably 1 or 2,
- X⁵¹represents —(X⁵²)_l5—,
- X⁵²each independently represents a group selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, —CO—, —NR⁵⁴—, —(CH₂)_n5—, an o-, m- or p-phenylene group, —COO—, —OCO—, —CONR⁵⁴—, —NR⁵⁴CO—, —O—CONR⁵⁴—, —NR⁵⁴CO—O—, —Si(R⁵³)₂—, and —(Si(R⁵³)₂O)_m5—Si(R⁵³)₂—,
- R⁵³each independently represents a phenyl group, a C_1-6alkyl group, or a C_1-6alkoxy group, is preferably a phenyl group or a C_1-6alkyl group, and is more preferably a methyl group,
- R⁵⁴each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, or a C_1-6alkyl group (preferably a methyl group),
- m5 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 1 to 100, and preferably an integer of 1 to 20,
- n5 is each independently at each occurrence an integer of 1 to 20, preferably an integer of 1 to 6, and more preferably an integer of 1 to 3,
- l5 is an integer of 1 to 10, preferably an integer of 1 to 5, and more preferably an integer of 1 to 3,
- p5 is 0 or 1, and
- q5 is 0 or 1,
- provided that at least one of p5 and q5 is 1, the occurrence order of the respective repeating units enclosed within parentheses provided with p5 or q5 is not limited, and the right side is bonded to R^Si.

In a preferable embodiment, X^Ais

- X^Ais a single bond or a divalent organic group represented by the following formula:

(R⁵¹)_p5—(X⁵¹)_q5—

wherein

- R⁵¹is a single bond or —(CH₂)_s5—,
- s5 is an integer of 1 to 20,
- X⁵¹is —(X⁵²)_l5—,
- X⁵²each independently represents a group selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, —CO—, —NR⁵⁴—, —(CH₂)_n5—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CONR⁵⁴—, —NR⁵⁴CO—, —O—CONR⁵⁴—, —NR⁵⁴CO—O—, —Si(R⁵³)₂—, and —(Si(R⁵³)₂O)_m5—Si(R⁵³)₂—,
- R⁵³is each independently a phenyl group, a C_1-6alkyl group, or a C_1-6alkoxy group,
- R⁵⁴is each independently a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, or a C_1-6alkyl group,
- m5 is each independently an integer of 1 to 100,
- n5 is each independently an integer of 1 to 20,
- l5 is an integer of 1 to 10,
- p5 is 0 or 1, and
- q5 is 0 or 1,
- provided that at least one of p5 and q5 is 1, the occurrence order of the respective repeating units enclosed within parentheses provided with p5 or q5 is not limited, and
- the right side is bonded to R^Si.

Preferably, X^Amay be each independently

- a single bond,
- a C_1-20alkylene group,
- —R⁵¹—X⁵³—R⁵²—, or
- —X⁵⁴—R⁵—
- wherein R⁵¹and R⁵²are as defined above,
  - X⁵³is
- —O—,
- —S—,
- —C(O)O—,
- —CONR⁵⁴—,
- —O—CONR⁵⁴—,
- —Si(R⁵³)₂—,
- —(Si(R⁵³)₂O)_m5—Si(R⁵³)₂—,
- —O—(CH₂)_u5—(Si(R⁵³)₂O)_m5—Si(R⁵³)₂—,
- —O—(CH₂)_u5—Si(R⁵³)₂—O—Si(R⁵³)₂—CH₂CH₂—Si(R⁵³)₂—O—Si(R⁵³)₂—,
- —O—(CH₂)_u5—Si(OCH₃)₂OSi(OCH₃)₂—,
- —CONR⁵⁴—(CH₂)_u5—(Si(R⁵³)₂O)_m5—Si(R⁵³)₂—, or
- —CONR⁵⁴—(CH₂)_u5—N(R⁵⁴)—,
- (wherein R⁵³, R⁵⁴, and m5 are as defined above, and
  - u5 is an integer of 1 to 20, preferably an integer of 2 to 6, and more preferably an integer of 2 to 3), and
  - X⁵⁴represents
- —S—,
- —C(O)O—,
- —CONR⁵⁴—,
- —O—CONR⁵⁴—,
- —CONR⁵⁴—(CH₂)_u5—(Si(R⁵⁴)₂O)_m5—Si(R⁵⁴)₂—, or
- —CONR⁵⁴—(CH₂)_u5—N(R⁵⁴)—,
- wherein each symbol is as defined above.

More preferably, X^Ais each independently

- a single bond,
- a C_1-20alkylene group,
- —(CH₂)_s5—X⁵³—,
- —(CH₂)_s5—X⁵³—(CH₂)_t5—,
- —X⁵⁴—, or
- —X⁵⁴—(CH₂)_t5—,
- wherein X⁵³, X⁵⁴, s5, and t5 are as defined above.

More preferably, X^Ais each independently

- a single bond,
- a C_1-20alkylene group,
- —(CH₂)_s5—X⁵³—(CH₂)_t5—, or
- —X⁵⁴—(CH₂)_t5—,
- wherein each symbol is as defined above.

In a preferable embodiment, X^Amay be each independently

- a single bond,
- a C_1-20alkylene group,
- —(CH₂)_s5—X⁵³—, or
- —(CH₂)_s5—X⁵³—(CH₂)_t5—,
- wherein
  - X⁵³is —O—, —CONR⁵⁴—, or —O—CONR⁵⁴—,
  - R⁵⁴each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, or a C_1-6alkyl group,
  - s5 is an integer of 1 to 20, and
  - t5 is an integer of 1 to 20.

In a preferable embodiment, X^Amay each independently be

- —(CH₂)_s5—O—(CH₂)_t5— or
- —CONR⁵⁴—(CH₂)_t5—,
- wherein
  - R 54 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, or a C_1-6alkyl group,
  - s5 is an integer of 1 to 20, and
  - t5 is an integer of 1 to 20.

In one embodiment, X^Amay each independently be

- a single bond,
- a C_1-20alkylene group,
- —(CH₂)_s5—O—(CH₂)_t5—,
- —(CH₂)_s5—(Si(R⁵³)₂O)_m5—Si(R⁵³)₂—(CH₂)_t5—,
- —(CH₂)_s5—O—(CH₂)_u5—(Si(R⁵³)₂O)_m5—Si(R⁵³)₂—(CH₂)_t5—, or
- —(CH₂)_s5—O—(CH₂)_t5—Si(R⁵³)₂—(CH₂)_u5—Si(R⁵³)₂—(C_vH_2v)—,
- wherein R⁵³, m5, s5, t5, and u5 are as defined above, and v5 is an integer of 1 to 20, preferably an integer of 2 to 6, and more preferably an integer of 2 to 3.

In the above formula, —(C_vH_2v)— may be linear or branched and may be, for example, —CH₂CH₂—, —CH₂CH₂CH₂—, —CH(CH₃)—, or -CH(CH₃) CH₂—.

X^A(typically the hydrogen atom of X^A) each independently is optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from a fluorine atom, a C_1-3alkyl group, and a C_1-3fluoroalkyl group (preferably a C_1-3perfluoroalkyl group). In a preferable embodiment, X^Ais unsubstituted.

In one embodiment, X^Amay each independently be a group other than an —O—C_1-6alkylene group.

In another embodiment, examples of X^Ainclude the following groups:

[Image Omitted]

wherein R⁴¹is each independently a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a C_1-6alkoxy group, and preferably a methyl group;

- D is a group selected from:
- —CH₂O(CH₂)₂—,
- —CH₂O(CH₂)₃—,
- —CF₂O(CH₂)₃—,
- —(CH₂)₂—,
- —(CH₂)₃—,
- —(CH₂)₄—,
- —CONH—(CH₂)₃—,
- —CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,
- —CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃— (wherein Ph means phenyl), and

[Image Omitted]

(wherein R⁴²each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a C_1-6alkyl group, or a C_1-6alkoxy group, preferably a methyl group or a methoxy group, and more preferably a methyl group);

- E is —(CH₂)_n— (n is an integer of 2 to 6); and
- D is bonded to R^F1or R^F2of the molecular backbone, and E is bonded to R^Si.

Specific examples of X^Ainclude:

- a single bond,
- —CH₂OCH₂—,
- —CH₂O(CH₂)₂—,
- —CH₂O(CH₂)₃—,
- —CH₂O(CH₂)₄—,
- —CH₂O(CH₂)₅—,
- —CH₂O(CH₂)₆—,
- —CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,
- —CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,
- —CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₂Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,
- —CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₃Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,
- —CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₁₀Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,
- —CH₂O(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₂₀Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,
- —CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂—,
- —CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂—,
- —CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—,
- —CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂—,
- —CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂CF₂—
- —CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,
- —CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂—,
- —CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,
- —CH₂OCH₂CF₂CF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,
- —CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂—, —CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂CF₂—,
- —CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,
- —CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂—,
- —CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂—,
- —CH₂OCH₂CHFCF₂OCF(CF₃)CF₂OCF₂CF₂CF₂—,
- —CH₂OCF₂CHFOCF₂CF₂CF₂—C(O)NH—CH₂—,
- —CH₂OCH₂(CH₂)₇CH₂Si(OCH₃)₂OSi(OCH₃)₂(CH₂)₂Si(OCH₃)₂OSi(OCH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,
- —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₂OSi(OCH₃)₂(CH₂)₃—,
- —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₂CH₃)₂OSi(OCH₂CH₃)₂(CH₂)₃—,
- —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₂OSi(OCH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,
- —CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₂CH₃)₂OSi(OCH₂CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,
- —(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—,
- —CH₂—,
- —(CH₂)₂—,
- —(CH₂)₃—,
- —(CH₂)₄—,
- —(CH₂)₅—,
- —(CH₂)₆—,
- —CO—,
- —CONH—,
- —CONH—CH₂—,
- —CONH—(CH₂)₂—,
- —CONH—(CH₂)₃—,
- —CONH—(CH₂)₄—,
- —CONH—(CH₂)₅—,
- —CONH—(CH₂)₆—,
- —CON(CH₃)—CH₂—,
- —CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₂—,
- —CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,
- —CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₄—,
- —CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₅—,
- —CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₆—,
- —CONH—(CH₂)₂NH(CH₂)₃—,
- —CONH—(CH₂)₆NH(CH₂)₃—,
- —CH₂O—CONH—(CH₂)₃—,
- —CH₂O—CONH—(CH₂)₆—,
- —S—(CH₂)₃—,
- —(CH₂)₂S(CH₂)₃—,
- —CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,
- —CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂OSi(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,
- —CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₂Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,
- —CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₃Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,
- —CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₁₀Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,
- —CONH—(CH₂)₃Si(CH₃)₂O(Si(CH₃)₂O)₂₀Si(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₂—,
- —C(O)O—(CH₂)₃—,
- —C(O)O—(CH₂)₆—,
- —CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—,
- —CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—CH(CH₃)—,
- —CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₃—,
- —CH₂—O—(CH₂)₃—Si(CH₃)₂—(CH₂)₂—Si(CH₃)₂—CH(CH₃)—CH₂—,
- —OCH₂—, —O(CH₂)₃—,
- —OCFHCF₂—,

[Image Omitted]

In yet another embodiment, X^Ais each independently a group represented by the formula: —(R¹⁶)_x1—(CFR¹⁷)_y1—(CH₂)_z1—. In the formula, x1, y1, and z1 are each independently an integer of 0 to 10, the sum of x1, y1, and z1 is 1 or more, and the occurrence order of the respective repeating units enclosed in parentheses is not limited in the formula.

In the above formula, R¹⁶is each independently an oxygen atom, phenylene, carbazolylene, —NR¹⁸— (wherein R¹⁸represents a hydrogen atom or an organic group), or a divalent organic group. Preferably, R¹⁸is an oxygen atom or a divalent polar group.

Examples of the “divalent polar group” include, but are not limited to, —C(O)—, —C(═NR¹⁹)— and —C(O)NR¹⁹— (wherein R¹⁹represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group). The “lower alkyl group” is, for example, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, and n-propyl, that is optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms.

In the above formula, R¹⁷is each independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a lower fluoroalkyl group, and is preferably a fluorine atom. The “lower fluoroalkyl group” is, for example, a fluoroalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, preferably a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably a trifluoromethyl group or a pentafluoroethyl group, and even more preferably a trifluoromethyl group.

X^Ais bonded to R^F1or R^F2on the left side, and bonded to R^Sion the right side.

In yet another embodiment, examples of X^Ainclude the following groups:

[Image Omitted]

wherein

- R⁴¹is each independently a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a C_1-6alkoxy group, and is preferably a methyl group;
- some of the groups of T in each X^Agroup are the following groups bonded to R^F1or R^F2of the molecular backbone:
- —CH₂O(CH₂)₂—,
- —CH₂O(CH₂)₃—,
- —CF₂O(CH₂)₃—,
- —(CH₂)₂—,
- —(CH₂)₃—,
- —(CH₂)₄—,
- —CONH—(CH₂)₃—,
- —CON(CH₃)—(CH₂)₃—,
- —CON(Ph)—(CH₂)₃— (wherein Ph means phenyl), or

[Image Omitted]

(wherein R⁴²each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a C_1-6alkyl group, or a C_1-6alkoxy group, preferably a methyl group or a methoxy group, and more preferably a methyl group); and

some other groups of T are bonded to R^Siof the molecular backbone, and the remaining groups of T, if present, are each independently a methyl group, a phenyl group, a C_1-6alkoxy group, or a radical scavenging group or a UV absorbing group.

The radical scavenging group is not limited as long as it can scavenge a radical generated by light irradiation, and examples include residues of benzophenones, benzotriazoles, benzoates, phenyl salicylates, crotonic acids, malonates, organoacrylates, hindered amines, hindered phenols, or triazines.

The UV absorbing group is not limited as long as it can absorb ultraviolet rays, and examples include residues of benzotriazoles, hydroxybenzophenones, esters of substituted and unsubstituted benzoic acid or salicylic acid compounds, acrylates or alkoxy cinnamates, oxamides, oxanilides, benzoxazinones, and benzoxazoles.

In a preferable embodiment, examples of preferable radical scavenging groups or UV absorbing groups include:

[Image Omitted]

In this embodiment, X^Amay be each independently a tri- to decavalent organic group.

In yet another embodiment, examples of X^Ainclude the following groups:

[Image Omitted]

wherein R²⁵, R²⁶, and R²⁷are each independently a di- to hexavalent organic group; and

- R²⁵is bonded to at least one R^F1, and R²⁶and R²⁷are each bonded to at least one R^Si.

In one embodiment, R²⁵is a single bond, a C_1-20alkylene group, a C_3-20cycloalkylene group, a C_5-20arylene group, —R⁵⁷—X⁵⁸—R⁵⁹—, —X⁵⁸—R⁵⁹—, or —R⁵⁷—X⁵⁸—. R⁵⁷and R⁵⁹are each independently a single bond, a C_1-20alkylene group, a C_3-20cycloalkylene group, or a C_5-20arylene group. X⁵⁸is —O—, —S—, —CO—, —O—CO—, or —COO—.

In one embodiment, R²⁶and R²⁷are each independently a hydrocarbon, or a group having at least one atom selected from N, O, and S at a terminal or in the main chain of a hydrocarbon, and preferable examples include a C_1-6alkyl group, —R³⁶—R³⁷—R³⁶, and —R³⁶—CHR³⁸₂—. Here, R³⁶is each independently a single bond or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. R³⁷is N, O, or S, and preferably N or O. R³⁸is —R⁴⁵—R⁴⁶—R⁴⁵—, —R⁴⁶—R⁴⁵—, or —R⁴⁵—R⁴⁶—. Here, R⁴⁵is each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. R⁴⁶is N, O, or S, and preferably O.

In this embodiment, X^Amay be each independently a tri- to decavalent organic group.

In yet another embodiment, X^Ais a group represented by:

[Image Omitted]

wherein X^ais a single bond or a divalent organic group.

X^ais a single bond or divalent linking group directly bonded to the isocyanuric ring. X^ais preferably a single bond, an alkylene group, or a divalent group containing at least one bond selected from the group consisting of an ether bond, an ester bond, an amide bond, and a sulfide bond, and more preferably a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and containing at least one bond selected from the group consisting of an ether bond, an ester bond, an amide bond, and a sulfide bond.

X^ais even more preferably a group represented by the following formula:

—(CX¹²¹X¹²²)_x1—(X^a1)_y1—(CX¹²³X¹²⁴)_z1—

wherein X¹²¹to X¹²⁴are each independently H, F, OH, or —OSi(OR¹²¹)₃(wherein three R¹²¹are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms),

- X^a1is —C(═O) NH—, —NHC(═O)—, —O—, —C(═O)O—, —OC(═O)—, —OC(═O)O—, or —NHC(═O)NH— (each bond is bonded to CX¹²¹X¹²²on the left side), and
- x1 is an integer of 0 to 10, y1 is 0 or 1, and z1 is an integer of 1 to 10.
- X^a1is preferably —O— or —C(═O)O—.

X^ais particularly preferably

a group represented by the following formula:

—(CF₂)_m11—(CH₂)_m12—O—(CH₂)_m13—

wherein m11 is an integer of 1 to 3, m12 is an integer of 1 to 3, and m13 is an integer of 1 to 3;

a group represented by the following formula:

—(CF₂)_m14—(CH₂)_m15—O—CH₂CH(OH)—(CH₂)_m16—

wherein m14 is an integer of 1 to 3, m15 is an integer of 1 to 3, and m16 is an integer of 1 to 3;

a group represented by the following formula:

—(CF₂)_m17—(CH₂)_m18—

wherein m17 is an integer of 1 to 3, and m18 is an integer of 1 to 3;

a group represented by the following formula:

—(CF₂)_m19—(CH₂)_m20—O—CH₂CH(OSi(OCH₃)₃)—(CH₂)_m21—

wherein m19 is an integer of 1 to 3, m20 is an integer of 1 to 3, and m21 is an integer of 1 to 3; or

a group represented by the following formula:

—(CH₂)_m22—

wherein m22 is an integer of 1 to 3.

X^ais not limited, and specific examples include —CH₂—, —C₂H₄—, —C₃H₆—, —C₄H₈—, —C₄H₈—O—CH₂—, —CO—O—CH₂—CH(OH)—CH₂—, —(CF₂)_n5— (n5 is an integer of 0 to 4), —(CF₂)_n5—(CH₂)_m5— (n5 and m5 are each independently an integer of 0 to 4), —CF₂CF₂CH₂OCH₂CH(OH)CH₂—, and —CF₂CF₂CH₂OCH₂CH(OSi(OCH₃)₃)CH₂—.

In this embodiment, X^Amay be each independently a di- or trivalent organic group.

In one embodiment, the fluorine-containing silane compound represented by the formula (A1) or the formula (A2) does not contain a siloxane bond (—Si—O—Si—).

The number average molecular weight of the fluorine-containing silane compound represented by the above formula (A1) or (A2) is not limited, and may be 5×10²to 1×10⁵. In particular, the average molecular weight is preferably 2,000 to 32,000 and more preferably 2,500 to 12,000 from the viewpoint of friction durability. The “average molecular weight” refers to a number average molecular weight, and the “average molecular weight” is a value obtained by ¹⁹F-NMR measurement.

The surface-treating layer can be formed by treating the substrate surface with the surface-treating agent containing a fluorine-containing silane compound. For example, the surface-treating layer can be obtained by applying the surface-treating agent to the substrate to form a film of the surface-treating agent, and leaving the film to stand still or subjecting the film to a heat treatment to cure the film of the surface-treating agent.

In one embodiment, the fluorine-containing silane compound in the surface-treating agent is a compound represented by the formula (A1).

In another embodiment, the fluorine-containing silane compound in the surface-treating agent is a compound represented by the formula (A2).

In another embodiment, the fluorine-containing silane compound in the surface-treating agent is a compound represented by the formula (A1) and a compound represented by the formula (A2).

In the surface-treating agent, the compound represented by the formula (A2) is preferably 0.1 mol % or more and 35 mol % or less based on the total of the compound represented by the formula (A1) and the compound represented by the formula (A2). The lower limit of the content of the compound represented by the formula (A2) may be preferably 0.1 mol %, more preferably 0.2 mol %, even more preferably 0.5 mol %, yet more preferably 1 mol %, particularly preferably 2 mol %, and especially 5 mol %, based on the total of the compound represented by the formula (A1) and the compound represented by the formula (A2). The upper limit of the content of the compound represented by the formula (A2) may be preferably 35 mol %, more preferably 30 mol %, even more preferably 20 mol %, and yet more preferably 15 mol % or 10 mol %, based on the total of the compound represented by the formula (A1) and the compound represented by the formula (A2). The compound represented by the formula (A2) is preferably 0.1 mol % or more and 30 mol % or less, more preferably 0.1 mol % or more and 20 mol % or less, even more preferably 0.2 mol % or more and 10 mol % or less, yet more preferably 0.5 mol % or more and 10 mol % or less, and particularly preferably 1 mol % or more and 10 mol % or less, such as 2 mol % or more and 10 mol % or less or 5 mol % or more and 10 mol % or less, based on the total of the compound represented by the formula (A1) and the compound represented by the formula (A2). With the compound represented by the formula (A2) being within such a range, friction durability can be more increased.

The component (A) may be a mixture of the compound represented by the formula (A1) or the formula (A2) with a compound obtained by condensing a portion of these compounds.

The surface-treating agent may contain a solvent, an alcohol, an (unreactive) fluoropolyether compound that can be understood as a fluorine-containing oil or preferably a perfluoropolyether compound (hereinafter, collectively referred to as a “fluorine-containing oil”), an (unreactive) silicone compound that can be understood as a silicone oil (hereinafter, referred to as a “silicone oil”), a compatibilizer, a catalyst, a surfactant, a polymerization inhibitor, a sensitizer, and the like.

Examples of the solvent include aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, and mineral spirits; aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, and solvent naphtha; esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, cellosolve acetate, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, carbitol acetate, diethyl oxalate, ethyl pyruvate, ethyl 2-hydroxybutyrate, ethyl acetoacetate, amyl acetate, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, methyl 3-methoxypropionate, ethyl 3-methoxypropionate, methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, and ethyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, 2-hexanone, cyclohexanone, methyl amino ketone, and 2-heptanone; glycol ethers such as ethyl cellosolve, methyl cellosolve, methyl cellosolve acetate, ethyl cellosolve acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, and ethylene glycol monoalkyl ether; alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, tert-butanol, sec-butanol, 3-pentanol, octyl alcohol, 3-methyl-3-methoxybutanol, and tert-amyl alcohol; glycols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol; cyclic ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, and dioxane; amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide; ether alcohols such as methyl cellosolve, cellosolve, isopropyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, and diethylene glycol monomethyl ether; diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate; and fluorine-containing solvents such as 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,1-dichloro-1,2,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HCFC 225), 1,1,2,2,3,3,4-heptafluorocyclopentane (e.g., Zeorora H), perfluorobutyl methyl ether (C₄F₉OCH₃) (e.g., HFE 7100), perfluorobutyl ethyl ether (C₄F₉OC₂H₅) (e.g., HFE 7200), perfluorohexyl methyl ether (C₂F₅CF(OCH₃)C₃F₇) (e.g., HFE 7300), CF₃CH₂OH, CF₃CF₂CH₂OH, and (CF₃)₂CHOH. Alternatively, the solvent may be a mixed solvent of two or more of such solvents.

Examples of the alcohol include alcohols having 1 to 6 carbon atoms and optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol, tert-butanol, CF₃CH₂OH, CF₃CF₂CH₂OH, (CF₃)₂CHOH, H(CF₂CF₂)CH₂OH, H(CF₂CF₂)₂CH₂OH, and H(CF₂CF₂)₃CH₂OH. Such an alcohol added to the surface-treating agent increases the stability of the surface-treating agent and improves the miscibility between the component (A) and the component (B).

In a preferable embodiment, the surface-treating agent contains a solvent and an alcohol.

The alcohol content is preferably 0.1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 30% by mass, even more preferably 1.0 to 20% by mass, and yet more preferably 2.0 to 10% by mass, based on the total of the solvent and the alcohol.

The fluorine-containing oil is not limited, and examples include compounds (perfluoropolyether compounds) represented by the following general formula (3):

Rf⁵—(OC₄F₈)_a′—(OC₃F₆)_b′—(OC₂F₄)_c′—(OCF₂)_d′—Rf⁶ (3)

- wherein Rf⁵represents a C_1-16alkyl group optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms (preferably, a C_1-16perfluoroalkyl group), Rf⁶represents a C_1-16alkyl group optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms (preferably, a C_1-16perfluoroalkyl group), a fluorine atom, or a hydrogen atom, and Rf⁵and Rf⁶are more preferably each independently a C_1-3perfluoroalkyl group;
- a′, b′, c′ and d′ respectively represent the numbers of repeating units of four perfluoropolyethers constituting the main backbone of the polymer and are mutually independently an integer of 0 or more and 300 or less, and the sum of a′, b′, c′, and d′ is at least 1, preferably 1 to 300, and more preferably 20 to 300; and the occurrence order of the respective repeating units in parentheses provided with the subscript a′, b′, c′, or d′ is not limited in the formula. Among these repeating units, —(OC₄F₈)— may be any of —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF(CF₃)CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF(CF₃)CF₂)—, —(OCF₂CF₂CF(CF₃))—, —(OC(CF₃)₂CF₂)—, —(OCF₂C(CF₃)₂)—, —(OCF(CF₃)CF(CF₃))—, —(OCF(C₂F₅)CF₂)—, and (OCF₂CF(C₂F₅))—, and is preferably —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂)—. —(OC₃F₆)— may be any of —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂)—, —(OCF(CF₃)CF₂)—, and (OCF₂CF(CF₃))—, and is preferably —(OCF₂CF₂CF₂)—. —(OC₂F₄)— may be any of —(OCF₂CF₂)— and (OCF(CF₃))—, and is preferably —(OCF₂CF₂)—.

Examples of the perfluoropolyether compound represented by the above general formula (3) include a compound represented by any of the following general formulae (3a) and (3b) (which may be used singly or as a mixture of two or more).

Rf⁵—(OCF₂CF₂CF₂)_b″—Rf⁶ (3a)

Rf⁵—(OCF₂CF₂CF₂CF₂)_a″—(OCF₂CF₂CF₂)_b″—(OCF₂CF₂)_c″—(OCF₂)_d″—Rf⁶ (3b)

- wherein Rf⁵and Rf⁶are as described above; in the formula (3a), b″ is an integer of 1 or more and 100 or less; and in the formula (3b), a″ and b″ are each independently an integer of 0 or more and 30 or less, and c″ and d″ are each independently an integer of 1 or more and 300 or less. The occurrence order of the respective repeating units enclosed in parentheses provided with the subscript a″, b″, c″, or d″ is not limited in the formulae.

From another viewpoint, the fluorine-containing oil may be a compound represented by the general formula Rf³—F, wherein Rf³is a C_5-16perfluoroalkyl group. The fluorine-containing oil may be a chlorotrifluoroethylene oligomer.

The fluorine-containing oil may have an average molecular weight of 500 to 10,000. The molecular weight of the fluorine-containing oil may be measured using GPC.

The fluorine-containing oil may be contained in an amount of, for example, 0 to 50 mass %, preferably 0 to 30 mass %, and more preferably 0 to 5 mass %, based on the surface-treating agent. In one embodiment, the surface-treating agent is substantially free of the fluorine-containing oil. Being substantially free of the fluorine-containing oil means that the fluorine-containing oil is not contained at all, or an extremely small amount of the fluorine-containing oil may be contained.

In one embodiment, the average molecular weight of the fluorine-containing oil may be greater than the average molecular weight of the fluorine-containing silane compound. With such average molecular weights, better friction durability and surface lubricity can be obtained particularly when a surface-treating layer is formed by a vacuum deposition method.

In one embodiment, the average molecular weight of the fluorine-containing oil may be smaller than the average molecular weight of the fluorine-containing silane compound. With such average molecular weights, a cured product having high friction durability and high surface lubricity can be formed while suppressing deterioration of the transparency of the surface-treating layer obtained from the compound.

The fluorine-containing oil contributes to increasing surface lubricity of the layer formed by the surface-treating agent.

For example, a linear or cyclic silicone oil having 2,000 or fewer siloxane bonds can be used as the silicone oil. The linear silicone oil may be a so-called straight silicone oil or modified silicone oil. Examples of the straight silicone oil include dimethyl silicone oil, methyl phenyl silicone oil, and methyl hydrogen silicone oil. Examples of the modified silicone oil include those obtained by modifying a straight silicone oil with alkyl, aralkyl, polyether, higher fatty acid ester, fluoroalkyl, amino, epoxy, carboxyl, alcohol, or the like. Examples of the cyclic silicone oil include cyclic dimethylsiloxane oil.

Such a surface-treating agent can include, for example, 0 to 300 parts by mass and preferably 50 to 200 parts by mass of such silicone oil based on a total of 100 parts by mass of the fluorine-containing silane compound of the present disclosure (in the case of two or more, the total thereof, and the same also applies below).

The silicone oil contributes to increasing the surface lubricity of the surface-treating layer.

Examples of the compatibilizing agent include a fluorine-substituted alcohol such as 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propanol, or 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-pentanol, and preferably a fluorine-substituted alcohol having a CF₂H terminal, as well as s a fluorine-substituted aryl such as 1,3-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene and preferably a fluorine-substituted benzene.

Examples of the catalyst include acids (such as acetic acid and trifluoroacetic acid), bases (such as ammonia, triethylamine, and diethylamine), and transition metals (such as Ti, Ni, and Sn).

The catalyst promotes hydrolysis and dehydration condensation of the fluorine-containing silane compound of the present disclosure, and promotes formation of the layer to be formed by the surface-treating agent.

Examples of other components include, in addition to those described above, tetraethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and methyltriacetoxysilane.

The surface-treating agent can be formed into pellets by impregnating a porous material such as a porous ceramic material or a metal fiber such as a fiber obtained by, for example, solidifying steel wool in a cotton-like form therewith. Such pellets can be used in, for example, vacuum deposition.

The surface-treating agent may contain, in addition to the components described above, trace amounts of Pt, Rh, Ru, 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane, triphenylphosphine, NaCl, KCl, silane condensation product, and the like as impurities.

The layer of the surface-treating agent can be formed by applying the surface-treating agent to the underlayer. The coating method is not limited. For example, a wet coating method and a dry coating method can be used.

Examples of the wet coating method include dip coating, spin coating, flow coating, spray coating, roll coating, gravure coating, and similar methods.

Examples of the dry coating method include deposition (usually, vacuum deposition), sputtering, CVD, and similar methods. Specific examples of the deposition method (usually, a vacuum deposition method) include resistive heating, high-frequency heating using electron beam, microwave, or the like, ion beam, and similar methods. Specific examples of the CVD method include plasma-CVD, optical CVD, thermal CVD, and similar methods.

Furthermore, coating by an atmospheric pressure plasma method can be performed.

When using the wet coating method, the surface-treating agent can be applied to the substrate surface after being diluted with a solvent. From the viewpoint of the stability of the composition of the present disclosure and the volatility of solvents, the following solvents are preferably used: perfluoroaliphatic hydrocarbons having 5 to 12 carbon atoms (such as perfluorohexane, perfluoromethylcyclohexane, and perfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane); polyfluoroaromatic hydrocarbons (such as bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene); polyfluoroaliphatic hydrocarbons (such as C₆F₁₃CH₂CH₃(such as Asahiklin (registered trademark) AC-6000 manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.), and 1,1,2,2,3,3,4-heptafluorocyclopentane (such as Zeorora (registered trademark) H manufactured by Zeon Corporation)); alkyl perfluoroalkyl ethers (the perfluoroalkyl group and the alkyl group may be linear or branched) such as hydrofluoroether (HFE) (such as perfluoropropyl methyl ether (C₃F₇OCH₃) (such as Novec (trademark) 7000 manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Limited), perfluorobutyl methyl ether (C₄F₉OCH₃) (such as Novec (trademark) 7100 manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Limited), perfluorobutyl ethyl ether (C₄F₉OC₂H₅) (such as Novec (trademark) 7200 manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Limited), and perfluorohexyl methyl ether (C₂F₅CF(OCH₃)C₃F₇) (such as Novec (trademark) 7300 manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Limited), or CF₃CH₂OCF₂CHF₂(such as Asahiklin (registered trademark) AE-3000 manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.)). One of these solvents may be used singly, or two or more may be used as a mixture. In particular, hydrofluoroether is preferable, and perfluorobutyl methyl ether (C₄F₉OCH₃) and/or perfluorobutyl ethyl ether (C₄F₉OCH₅) is particularly preferable.

When using the dry coating method, the surface-treating agent may be directly subjected to the dry coating method, or may be diluted with the above solvent before being subjected to the dry coating method.

A layer of the surface-treating agent is preferably formed such that the surface-treating agent coexists in the layer with a catalyst for hydrolysis and dehydrative condensation. Conveniently, in the case of a wet coating method, the surface-treating agent is diluted with a solvent, and then, immediately before application to the substrate surface, a catalyst may be added to the diluted solution of the surface-treating agent. In the case of a dry coating method, the surface-treating agent to which a catalyst has been added is directly used in a deposition (usually vacuum deposition) treatment, or a pellet-like material may be used in a deposition (usually vacuum deposition) treatment, wherein the pellets are obtained by impregnating a porous body of metal such as iron or copper with the surface-treating agent to which the catalyst has been added.

The catalyst may be any suitable acid or base. Acid catalyst may be, for example, acetic acid, formic acid, or trifluoroacetic acid. The base catalyst may be, for example, ammonia or an organic amine.

The thickness of the surface-treating layer is not limited. Preferably, the thickness of the surface-treating layer in the case of an optical member is in the range of 1 to 200 nm, preferably 1 to 100 nm, and more preferably 1 to 50 nm, such as 1 to 30 nm, from the viewpoint of optical performance, friction durability, and antifouling properties.

(Article)

The present disclosure provides an article comprising the laminate of the present disclosure.

In a preferable embodiment, the article of the present disclosure may be glass or mirror glass for vehicles, marine vessels, and aircrafts, such as automobile glass, automobile door mirror or automobile fender mirror, or glass for use in on-board cameras. In addition, the article may be glass used in security cameras and outdoor glass such as roadside mirror.

Moreover, the article of the present disclosure may be an optical member. Examples of the optical member include lenses of glasses or the like; displays such as PDPs and LCDs; touch panel sheets for devices such as cell phones and portable information terminals; optical discs such as Blu-ray® discs, DVD discs, CD-Rs, and MOs; optical fibers; and display surfaces of watches and clocks.

The article of the present disclosure may be medical equipment or a medical material.

So far, the laminate and the article of the present disclosure have been described in detail. The laminate, the article, and the like of the present disclosure are not limited to those exemplified above.

The present disclosure includes the following embodiments.

[1] A laminate comprising a substrate, an underlayer disposed on the substrate, and a surface-treating layer disposed on the underlayer, wherein

- the underlayer is a layer formed of:
  
  (A) polysilazane represented by the following formula (P):

[Image Omitted]

wherein

- R⁶¹is a hydrogen atom or a C_1-6alkyl group,
- R⁶²is a hydrogen atom, a C_1-6alkyl group, or a group having a functional group,
- R⁶³is a hydrogen atom, a C_1-6alkyl group, or a group having a functional group, and
- n is an integer of 2 to 100; or
  
  (B) aminosilane represented by the following formula (Q):

N(R⁷¹—SiR⁷²₃)_mR⁷³_3-m [Formula 2]

wherein

- R⁷¹is each independently a C_1-6alkylene group,
- R⁷²is each independently a hydrolyzable group,
- R⁷³is a hydrogen atom or a C_1-6alkyl group, and
- m is 2 or 3; and
- the surface-treating layer is a layer formed of a fluorine-containing silane compound.
  
  [2] The laminate according to [1], wherein the fluorine-containing silane compound is a compound represented by the following formula (A1) or (A2):

[Formula 3]

R^F1_α1-X^A—R^Si_β1 (A1)

R^Si_γ1—X^A—R^F2—X^A—R^Si_γ1 (A2)

wherein

- R^F1is each independently Rf¹— or Rf¹—R^F—O_q—,
- R^F2is —R^f2— or —Rf²_p—R^F—O_q—,
- R^Fis each independently a divalent fluoropolyether group,
- Rf¹is each independently a C_1-16alkyl group optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms,
- Rf²is a C_1-6alkylene group optionally substituted with one or more fluorine atoms,
- p is 0 or 1,
- q is each independently 0 or 1,
- R^Siis each independently a monovalent group containing a Si atom to which a hydroxyl group, a hydrolyzable group, a hydrogen atom, or a monovalent organic group is bonded,
- at least one R^Siis a monovalent group containing a Si atom to which a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group is bonded,
- X^Ais each independently a single bond or a di- to decavalent organic group,
- α1 is an integer of 1 to 9,
- β1 is an integer of 1 to 9, and
- γ1 is each independently an integer of 1 to 9.
  
  [3] The laminate according to [2], wherein
- Rf¹is each independently a C_1-16perfluoroalkyl group, and
- Rf²is each independently a C_1-6perfluoroalkylene group.
  
  [4] The laminate according to [2] or [3], wherein
- R^F1is each independently Rf¹—R^F—O_q—, and
- R^F2is —Rf²_p—R^F—O_q—.
  
  [5] The laminate according to any one of [2] to [4], wherein
- R^Fis each independently a group represented by the following formula:

—(OC₆F₁₂)_a—(OC₅F₁₀)_b—(OC₄F₈)_c—(OC₃R^Fa₆)_d—(OC₂F₄)_e—(OCF₂)_f—

wherein

- R^Fais each independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a chlorine atom; and
- a, b, c, d, e, and f are each independently an integer of 0 to 200, the sum of a, b, c, d, e, and f is 1 or more, and the occurrence order of the respective repeating units enclosed in parentheses provided with a, b, c, d, e, or f is not limited in the formula, provided that when all R^Fagroups are hydrogen atoms or chlorine atoms, at least one of a, b, c, e, and f is 1 or more.
  
  [6] The laminate according to [5], wherein R^Fais a fluorine atom.
  
  [7] The laminate according to any one of [2] to [6], wherein
- R^Fis each independently a group represented by the following formula (f1), (f2), (f3), (f4), (f5), or (f6):

(OC₃F₆)_d—(OC₂F₄)_e— (f1)

wherein d is an integer of 1 to 200, and e is 0 or 1;

—(OC₄F₈)_c—(OC₃F₆)_d—(OC₂F₄)_e—(OCF₂)_f— (f2)

wherein c and d are each independently an integer of 0 to 30,

- e and f are each independently an integer of 1 to 200,
- the sum of c, d, e, and f is an integer of 10 to 200, and
- the occurrence order of the respective repeating units enclosed in parentheses provided with the subscript c, d, e, or f is not limited in the formula;

—(R⁶—R⁷)_g— (f3)

wherein R⁶is OCF₂or OC₂F₄,

- R⁷is a group selected from OC₂F₄, OC₃F₆, OC₄F₈, OC₅F₁₀, and OC₆F₁₂, or is a combination of two or three groups selected from these groups, and
- g is an integer of 2 to 100;

—(R⁶—R⁷)_g—R^r—(R^7′—R^6′)_g′— (f4)

wherein R⁶is OCF₂or OC₂F₄,

- R⁷is a group selected from OC₂F₄, OC₃F₆, OC₄F₈, OC₅F₁₀, and OC F₁₂, or is a combination of two or three groups independently selected from these groups,
- R^6′ is OCF₂or OC₂F₄,
- R^7′ is a group selected from OC₂F₄, OC₃F₆, OC₄F₈, OC₅F₁₀, and OC F₁₂, or is a combination of two or three groups independently selected from these groups,
- g is an integer of 2 to 100,
- g′ is an integer of 2 to 100, and
- R^ris any of:

[Image Omitted]

wherein * represents a bond position;

—(OC₆F₁₂)_a—(OC₅F₁₀)_b—(OC₄F₈)_c—(OC₃F₆)_d—(OC₂F₄)_e—(OCF₂)_f— (f5)

wherein e is an integer of 1 or more and 200 or less, a, b, c, d, and f are each independently an integer of 0 or more and 200 or less, and the occurrence order of the respective repeating units enclosed in parentheses provided with a, b, c, d, e or f is not limited in the formula; and

(OC₆F₁₂)_a—(OC₅F₁₀)_b—(OC₄F₈)_c—(OC₃F₆)_d—(OC₂F₄)_e—(OCF₂)_f— (f6)

wherein f is an integer of 1 or more and 200 or less, a, b, c, d, and e are each independently an integer of 0 or more and 200 or less, and the occurrence order of the respective repeating units enclosed in parentheses provided with a, b, c, d, e or f is not limited in the formula.

[8] The laminate according to any one of [2] to [7], wherein

- R^Siis a group represented by the following formula (S1), (S2), (S3), (S4), or (S5):

[Formula 5]

[Image Omitted]

—SiR¹¹_n1R¹²_3-n1 (S2)

—SiR^a1_k1R^b1_l1R^c1_m1 (S3)

—CR^d1_k2R^e1_l2R^f1_m2 (S4)

—NR^g1R^h1 (S5)

wherein

- R¹¹is each independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group,
- R¹²is each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group,
- n1 is each independently an integer of 0 to 3 for each (SiR¹¹_n1R¹²_3-n1) unit,
- X¹¹is each independently a single bond or a divalent organic group,
- R¹³is each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group,
- t is each independently an integer of 2 or more,
- R¹⁴is each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or —X¹¹—SiR¹¹_n1R¹²_3-n1,
- R¹⁵is each independently at each occurrence a single bond, an oxygen atom, an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an alkyleneoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms,
- R^a1is each independently -Z¹-SiR²¹_p1R²²_q1R²³_r1,
- Z¹is each independently an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group,
- R²¹is each independently -Z^1′-SiR^21′_p1′R^22′_q1′R^23′_r1′,
- R²²is each independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group,
- R²³is each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group,
- p1 is each independently an integer of 0 to 3,
- q1 is each independently an integer of 0 to 3,
- r1 is each independently an integer of 0 to 3,
- the sum of p1, q1, and r1 is 3 in the (SiR²¹_p1R²²_q1R²³_r1) unit,
- Z^1′ is each independently an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group,
- R^21′ is each independently -Z^1″-SiR^22″_q1″R^23″_r1″,
- R^22′ is each independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group,
- R^23′ is each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group,
- p1′ is each independently an integer of 0 to 3,
- q1′ is each independently an integer of 0 to 3,
- r1′ is each independently an integer of 0 to 3,
- the sum of p1′, q1′, and r1′ is 3 in the (SiR^21′_p1′R^22′_q1′R^23′_r1′) unit,
- Z^1″ is each independently an oxygen atom or a divalent organic group,
- R^22″ is each independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group,
- R^23″ is each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group,
- q1″ is each independently an integer of 0 to 3,
- r1″ is each independently an integer of 0 to 3,
- the sum of q1″ and r1″ is 3 in the (SiR^22″_q1″R^23″_r1″) unit,
- R^b1is each independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group,
- R^c1is each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group,
- k1 is each independently an integer of 0 to 3,
- l1 is each independently an integer of 0 to 3,
- m1 is each independently an integer of 0 to 3,
- the sum of k1, l1, and m1 is 3 in the (SiR^a1_k1R^b1_l1R^c1_m1) unit,
- R^d1is each independently -Z²-CR³¹_p2R³²_q2R³³_r2,
- Z²is each independently a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a divalent organic group,
- R³¹is each independently -Z^2′-CR^{32′ 92}; R^{33′ 21},
- R³²is each independently -Z³-SiR³⁴_n2R³⁵_3-n2,
- R³³is each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a monovalent organic group,
- p2 is each independently an integer of 0 to 3,
- q2 is each independently an integer of 0 to 3,
- r2 is each independently an integer of 0 to 3,
- the sum of p2, q2, and r2 is 3 in the (CR³¹_p2R³²_q2R³³_r2) unit,
- Z^2′ is each independently a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a divalent organic group,
- R^32′ is each independently -Z³-SiR³⁴_n2R³⁵_3-n2,
- R^33′ is each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a monovalent organic group,
- q2′ is each independently an integer of 0 to 3,
- r2′ is each independently an integer of 0 to 3,
- the sum of q2′ and r2′ is 3 in the (CR^32′_q2′R^33′_r2′) unit,
- Z³is each independently a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a divalent organic group,
- R³⁴is each independently a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group,
- R³⁵is each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group,
- n2 is each independently an integer of 0 to 3,
- R^e1is each independently -Z³-SiR³⁴_n2R³⁵_3-n2,
- R^f1is each independently a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or a monovalent organic group,
- k2 is each independently an integer of 0 to 3,
- l2 is each independently an integer of 0 to 3,
- m2 is each independently an integer of 0 to 3,
- the sum of k2, l2, and m2 is 3 in the (CR^d1_k2R^e1_l2R^f1_m2) unit,
- R^g1and R^h1are each independently -Z⁴-SiR¹¹_n1R¹²_3-n1, -Z⁴-SiR^a1_k1R^b1_l1R^c1_m1, or -Z⁴-CR^d1_k2R^e1_l2R^f1_m2, and
- Z⁴is each independently a single bond, an oxygen atom, or a divalent organic group,
- provided that in the formulae (S1), (S2), (S3), (S4), and (S5), at least one Si atom to which a hydroxyl group or a hydrolyzable group is bonded is present.
  
  [9] The laminate according to any one of [2] to [8], wherein α1, β1, and γ1 are each 1.
  
  [10] The laminate according to any one of [2] to [9], wherein X^Ais a single bond or a divalent organic group represented by the following formula:

—(R⁵¹)_p5—(X⁵¹)_q5—

wherein

- R⁵¹is a single bond or —(CH₂)_s5—,
- s5 is an integer of 1 to 20,
- X⁵¹is —(X⁵²)_l5—,
- X⁵²each independently represents a group selected from the group consisting of —O—, —S—, —CO—, —NR⁵⁴—, —(CH₂)_n5—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CONR⁵⁴—, —NR⁵⁴CO—, —O—CONR⁵⁴—, —NR⁵⁴CO—O—, —Si(R⁵³)₂—, and —(Si(R⁵³)₂O)_m5—Si(R⁵³)₂—,
- R⁵³is each independently a phenyl group, a C_1-6alkyl group, or a C_1-6alkoxy group,
- R⁵⁴is each independently a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group, or a C_1-6alkyl group,
- m5 is each independently an integer of 1 to 100,
- n5 is each independently an integer of 1 to 20,
- l5 is an integer of 1 to 10,
- p5 is 0 or 1, and
- q5 is 0 or 1,
- provided that at least one of p5 and q5 is 1, the occurrence order of the respective repeating units enclosed in parentheses provided with p5 or q5 is not limited, and
- the right side is bonded to R^Si.
  
  [11] The laminate according to any one of [2] to [8], wherein X^Ais a group represented by the following formula:

[Image Omitted]

wherein X^ais a single bond or a divalent organic group.

[12] The laminate according to any one of [1] to [11], wherein the polysilazane is represented by formula (P) wherein R⁶¹is a hydrogen atom, R⁶²is a hydrogen atom, and R⁶³is a hydrogen atom.

[13] The laminate according to any one of [1] to [12], wherein the polysilazane has a number average molecular weight of 1,000 to 10,000.

[14] The laminate according to any one of [1] to [13], wherein the aminosilane is represented by the following formula (Q-1):

HN(R⁷¹—SiR⁷²₃)₂ [Formula 7]

wherein

- R⁷¹is each independently a C_1-6alkylene group, and
- R⁷²is each independently a hydrolyzable group.
  
  [15] The laminate according to any one of [1] to [14], wherein the substrate is glass, metal, or ceramic.
  
  [16] An article comprising the laminate according to any one of [1] to.
  
  [17] The article according to [16], which is automobile glass, outdoor glass, or a display.

EXAMPLES

Hereinafter, the laminate of the present disclosure will now be described in the Examples, but the present disclosure is not limited to the following Examples. In the Examples, the occurrence order of units constituting repeating fluoropolyether is not limited, and the chemical formulae shown below indicate average compositions.

Chemical solutions (A) to (F) were prepared as compositions for forming an underlayer.

(Polysilazane-Containing Composition)

- (A): Polysilazane (Durazane 2800, manufactured by Merck) was dissolved in dibutyl ether (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) so as to have a concentration of 0.2% by mass, and the mixture was regarded as a chemical solution (A).
- (B): Polysilazane (Durazane 2800, manufactured by Merck) was dissolved in dibutyl ether (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) so as to have a concentration of 0.5% by mass, and the mixture was regarded as a chemical solution (B).
- (C): Polysilazane (Durazane 2800, manufactured by Merck) was dissolved in dibutyl ether (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) so as to have a concentration of 5.0% by mass, and the mixture was regarded as a chemical solution (C).

(Aminosilane-Containing Composition)

- (D): Bis-3-trimethoxysilylpropylamine (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in hydrofluoroether (Novec HFE 7200, manufactured by 3M) so as to have a concentration of 0.2% by mass, and the mixture was regarded as a chemical solution (D).
- (E): Bis-3-trimethoxysilylpropylamine (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in hydrofluoroether (Novec HFE 7200, manufactured by 3M) so as to have a concentration of 0.5% by mass, and the mixture was regarded as a chemical solution (E).
- (F): Bis-3-trimethoxysilylpropylamine (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in hydrofluoroether (Novec HFE 7200, manufactured by 3M) so as to have a concentration of 5.0% by mass, and the mixture was regarded as a chemical solution (F).

The following water-repelling solutions (1) to (6) were prepared as compositions for forming a surface-treating layer.

- (1): The following compound (1) was dissolved in hydrofluoroether (Novec HFE 7200, manufactured by 3M) so as to have a concentration of 0.18 by mass, and the mixture was regarded as a water-repelling solution (1).
- (2): The following compound (2) was dissolved in hydrofluoroether (Novec HFE 7200, manufactured by 3M) so as to have a concentration of 0.1% by mass, and the mixture was regarded as a water-repelling solution (2).
- (3): The following compound (3) was dissolved in hydrofluoroether (Novec HFE 7200, manufactured by 3M) so as to have a concentration of 0.18 by mass, and the mixture was regarded as a water-repelling solution (3).
- (4): The following compound (4) was dissolved in hydrofluoroether (Novec HFE 7200, manufactured by 3M) so as to have a concentration of 0.1% by mass, and the mixture was regarded as a water-repelling solution (4).
- (5): The following compound (5) was dissolved in hydrofluoroether (Novec HFE 7200, manufactured by 3M) so as to have a concentration of 0.1% by mass, and the mixture was regarded as a water-repelling solution (5).
- (6): The following (6) compound was dissolved in hydrofluoroether (Novec HFE 7200, manufactured by 3M) so as to have a concentration of 0.1% by mass, and the mixture was regarded as a water-repelling solution (6).

Compound (1):

[Image Omitted]

wherein PFPE is CF₃CF₂CF₂—(OCF₂CF₂CF₂)₂₅—OCF₂CF₂—.

Compound (2):

[Image Omitted]

wherein PFPE is CF₃—(OCF₂CF₂)₂₂(OCF₂)₂₀—.

Compound (3):

[Image Omitted]

wherein PFPE is CF₃—(OCF₂CF₂)₂₂(OCF₂)₂₀—.

Compound (4):

CF₃CF₂CF₂—(OCF₂CF₂CF₂)₂₅—OCF₂CF₂—CH₂OCH₂CH₂CH₂Si(OCH₃)₃

Compound (5):

C₆F₁₃-ph-Si(OMe)₃

Compound (6):

C₆F₁₃—CH₂CH₂—Si(OMe)₃

wherein Me is a methyl group, and ph is a phenylene group.

(Substrate)

The top surface of a float glass (clear) substrate (planar dimension 70 mm×150 mm) having a thickness of 2.0 mm was washed with water and alcohol and then dried to give a glass substrate.

Using an atmospheric pressure plasma discharge apparatus (Si-PlasmaR, manufactured by Creating Nano Tech., Inc.), an atmospheric pressure plasma treatment was performed on the top surface of the glass substrate under the following conditions for washing and activation.

- Discharge gas: Argon gas (Ar), Reactive gas: Oxygen gas (O₂)

- Plasma power: 744 W (output controlled in the range of 740 to 750 W)
- Ar flow: 34 L/min (flow controlled at 30 to 40 L/min)
- O2 flow: 34 L/min (flow controlled at 30 to 40 L/min)
- PCW (cooling water): 2.6 L/min (flow controlled at 2.0 to 3.0 L/min)
- Plasma irradiation was performed, with the distance between the plasma irradiated surface and the top surface of the substrate being within the range of 0.5 to 3.0 mm.

(Formation of Underlayer)

Using the chemical solutions (A) to (F) prepared above, the underlayer was formed on the glass substrate. Specifically, 300 mL each of the chemical solutions (A) to (F) prepared above was added to a separate vessel. Then, the glass substrate was immersed in the composition in each vessel for 20 seconds. Thereafter, the substrate was raised at 20 mm/see, the treated substrate was allowed to stand still at room temperature for 3 hours, and thus underlayer-treated substrates (A) to (F) were formed.

(Formation of Surface-Treating Layer)
Example 1

Using a commercially available spray coater equipped with two fluid nozzles, the water-repelling solution (1) prepared above was uniformly sprayed onto the surface of the underlayer-treated substrate (A) at a head speed of 70 mm/sec. The amount of the water-repelling solution (1) applied was 60 g per unit m2 of the substrate. Then, the substrate was removed and left to stand still in air at room temperature for 24 hours, and thus a water-repelling substrate (1A) was obtained.

Example 2

A water-repelling substrate (1B) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the underlayer-treated substrate (B) was used in place of the underlayer-treated substrate (A).

Example 3

A water-repelling substrate (1C) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the underlayer-treated substrate (C) was used in place of the underlayer-treated substrate (A).

Example 4

A water-repelling substrate (1D) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the underlayer-treated substrate (D) was used in place of the underlayer-treated substrate (A).

Example 5

A water-repelling substrate (1E) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the underlayer-treated substrate (E) was used in place of the underlayer-treated substrate (A).

Example 6

A water-repelling substrate (1F) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the underlayer-treated substrate (F) was used in place of the underlayer-treated substrate (A).

Example 7

Using a commercially available spray coater equipped with two fluid nozzles, the water-repelling solution (2) prepared above was uniformly sprayed onto the surface of the underlayer-treated substrate (B) at a head speed of 70 mm/sec. The amount of the water-repelling solution (2) applied was 60 g per unit m2 of the substrate. Then, the substrate was removed and left to stand still in air at room temperature for 24 hours, and thus a water-repelling substrate (2B) was obtained.

Example 8

A water-repelling substrate (2E) was obtained in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the underlayer-treated substrate (E) was used in place of the underlayer-treated substrate (B).

Example 9

Using a commercially available spray coater equipped with two fluid nozzles, the water-repelling solution (3) prepared above was uniformly sprayed the surface of the underlayer-treated substrate (B) at a head speed of 70 mm/sec. The amount of the water-repelling solution (3) applied was 60 g per unit m2 of the substrate. Then, the substrate was removed and left to stand still in air at room temperature for 24 hours, and thus water-repelling substrate (3B) was obtained.

Comparative Example 1

Using a commercially available spray coater equipped with two fluid nozzles, the water-repelling solution (1) prepared above was uniformly sprayed onto the surface of a glass substrate not treated with the underlayer at a head speed of 70 mm/sec. The amount of the water-repelling solution (1) applied was 50 g per unit m2 of the substrate. Then, the substrate was removed and left to stand still in air at room temperature for 24 hours, and thus water-repelling substrate (1) was obtained.

Comparative Example 2

A water-repelling substrate (2) was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the water-repelling solution (2) was used in place of the water-repelling solution (1).

Comparative Example 3

A water-repelling substrate (3) was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the water-repelling solution (3) was used in place of the water-repelling solution (1).

Comparative Example 4

A water-repelling substrate (4) was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the water-repelling solution (4) was used in place of the water-repelling solution (1).

Comparative Example 5

A water-repelling substrate (5) was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the water-repelling solution (5) was used in place of the water-repelling solution (1).

Comparative Example 6

A water-repelling substrate (6) was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the water-repelling solution (6) was used in place of the water-repelling solution (1).

(Evaluation)

The water-repelling substrates 1A to 1F, 2B, 2E, 3B, and 1 to 6 obtained above were subjected to the following evaluations.

Measurement of Static Water Contact Angle

The static water contact angle was measured using a fully automatic contact angle meter DropMaster 700 (manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.). Specifically, the static water contact angle was obtained by dripping 2 μL of water from a microsyringe onto a horizontally placed substrate and taking a still image with a video microscope 1 second after the dripping. Concerning the measured value of the static water contact angle, five different points on the surface-treating layer of the substrate were measured, and the average value thereof was calculated and used.

Evaluation of Accelerated Weather Resistance

An accelerated weathering resistance test was performed on the water-repelling substrates 1A to 1F, 2B, 2E, 3B, and 1 to 6 obtained above. The steps of (1) UV irradiation for 24 hours, (2) irradiation with ion-exchanged water for 5 minutes, and (3) leaving the substrate in the dark for 1 hour were repeated three time, which were thus regarded as one cycle (75 hours), and the static contact angle of water was measured after each cycle. For UV irradiation, a UVB-313 lamp (manufactured by Q-Lab, irradiance of 0.63 W/m²at 310 nm) was used, the distance between the lamp and the surface-treating layer of the substrate was 5 cm, and the temperature of the plate on which the substrate was placed was 63° C. The substrate was temporarily removed when measuring the static water contact angle, and the surface-treating layer was wiped back and forth five times with Kimwipe (trade name, manufactured by Jujo Kimberly Co., Ltd.). Immediately thereafter, the static water contact angle was measured. The static water contact angle after a given number of cycles is shown in Table 1 wherein the result of Test Example 1 is denoted as the number of cycles being 0.