0001 This application claims priority from provision application U.S. Ser. No. 60/156,828 filed Sep. 30, 1999, the benefit of which is hereby claimed under 37 C.F.R.1.78(a)(3).

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION 0002 This invention relates to adenosine A-3 receptor agonists, pharmaceutical compositions containing such inhibitors and the use of such inhibitors to treat for example, ischemia particularly, perioperative myocardial ischemic injury in mammals, including humans. 0003 Mycardial ischemic injury can occur in out-patient as well as in perioperative settings and can lead to the development of sudden death, myocardial infarction or congestive heart failure. There is an unmet medical need to prevent or minimize myocardial ischemic injury, particularly perioperative myocardial infarction. Such a therapy is anticipated to be life-saving and reduce hospitalizations, enhance quality of life and reduce overall health care costs of high risk patients. 0004 Pharmacological cardioprotection would reduce the incidence and progression of myocardial infarction and dysfunction occurring in these surgical settings (perioperatively). In addition to reducing myocardial damage and improving post-ischemic myocardial function in patients with ischemic heart disease, cardioprotection would also decrease the incidence of cardiac morbidity and mortality due to myocardial infarction and dysfunction in patients at risk (such as greater than 65 years, exercise intolerant, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension) that require non-cardiac surgery. 0005 U.S. Pat. No. 5,604,210 discloses the use of certain adenosine type compounds for the prevention or treatment of a brain edema, an intracranial hemorrhage and a cerebral infarction. 0006 U.S. Pat. No. 5,688,774 discloses A3 selective agonists, particularly, adenine compounds having selected substituents at the 2, 6 and 9 positions, and related substituted compounds, particularly those containing substituents on the benzyl and/or uronamide groups as agents which activate the A3 receptor. 0007 U.S. Pat. No. 5,773,423 discloses N6-benzyladenosine-5-N-uronamide and related substituted compounds, particularly those containing substituents on the benzyl and/or uronamide groups, and modified xanthine ribosides for the activation of the A3 adenosine receptor. 0008 J. Med. Chem. 1994, 37, 636-646, Structure-Activity Relationships of N6-Benzyladenosine-5-uronamides as A3-Selective Agonists discloses the synthesis of adenosine analogues modified at the 5-position as uronamides and/or as N6-benzyl derivatives which are potentially useful as pharmacological and biochemical probes for A3 receptors. 0009 J. Med. Chem. 1995, 38, 1174-1188, Search for New Purine- and Ribose-Modified Adenosine Analogues as Selective Agonists and Antagonists at Adenosine Receptors, discloses that the binding affinities at rat A1, A2, and A3 adenosine receptors of a wide range of derivatives of adenosine have been determined. In particular, 3--amino compounds were found to have no activity. 0010 J. Med. Chem. 1995, 38, 1720-1735, Structure-Activity Relationships of 9-Alkyladenine and Ribose-Modified Adenosine Derivatives at Rat A3 Adenosine Receptors discloses the synthesis of 9-alkyladenine derivatives and ribose-modified N6-benzyladenosine derivatives as leads for the development of antagonists for the rat A3 adenosine receptor. 0011 U.S. Pat. No. 5,817,760 discloses recombinant human adenosine receptors A1, A2a, A2b, and A3 which were prepared by cDNA cloning and polymerase chain reaction techniques. The recombinant adenosine receptors can be utilized in an assay to identify and evaluate entities that bind to or enhance binding to adenosine receptors. 0012 Thus, while there has been some progress in this field of art, there is clearly a need and a continuing search in this field of art for treatments for perioperative myocardial ischemia.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 0013 This invention is directed to compounds of Formula I 1

0014 prodrugs thereof and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of said compounds and of said prodrug, wherein 0015 X is oxy, methylene or thio; 0016 Y is CH or N; 0017 Z is H, (C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkyloxy, trifluoromethyl or halo; 0018 R1 is hydroxymethyl, (C1-C3)alkoxymethyl, (C3-C5)cycloalkoxymethyl, carboxy, (C1-C3)alkoxycarbonyl, (C3-C5)cycloalkoxycarbonyl, 1,1-aminoiminomethyl, 1,1-(mono-N- or di-N,N-(C1-C4)alkylamino)iminomethyl, 1,1 -(mono-N- or di-N,N-(C3-C5)cycloalkylamino)iminomethyl, carbamoyl, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C1-C4)alkylaminocarbonyl, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C3-C5)cycloalkylaminocarbonyl or N-(C1-C4)alkyl-N-(C3-C5)cycloalkylaminocarbonyl; 0019 R2 is H, (C1-C3)alkyl or (C3-C5)cycloalkyl; 0020 R3 is halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano, (C1-C3)alkyl, (C1-C3)alkyloxy, ethenyl or ethynyl; 0021 D is oxy, thio, NH, (C1-C6)alkyloxy, (C1-C6)alkylthio or (C1-C6)alkylamino; 0022 G is a partially saturated, fully saturated or fully unsaturated five to eight membered ring optionally having one to three heteroatoms selected independently from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, or a bicyclic ring consisting of two fused partially saturated, fully saturated or fully unsaturated three to six membered rings, taken independently, optionally having one to four heteroatoms selected independently from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen; wherein said G is optionally mono-, di- or tri-substituted independently with halo, (C1-C3)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, nitro, cyano, (C3-C5)cycloalkyl, hydroxy or (C1-C3)alkoxy or 0023 G is cyano, (C1-C4)alkoxycarbonyl, (C3-C5)cycloalkoxycarbonyl, C(O)NR4R5, C(S)NR4R5, C(NH)NR4R5, C(N(C1-C3)alkyl)NR4R5 or C(N(C3-C10) cycloalkyl)NR4R5, 0024 R4 is a bond, H, (C1-C10)alkyl, hydroxy, (C1-C10)alkoxy, (C3-C10)cycloalkoxy or a partially saturated, fully saturated or fully unsaturated five to eight membered ring, optionally linked through (C1-C3)alkyl, optionally having one to three heteroatoms selected independently from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, or, a bicyclic ring or a bicyclic ring with optional (C1-C3) bridge (e.g., adamantane) optionally linked through (C1-C3)alkyl, said bicyclic ring or bridged bicyclic ring optionally having one to four heteroatoms selected independently from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen wherein said (C1-C10)alkyl,(C1-C10)alkoxy, (C3-C10)cycloalkoxy or R4 ring(s) is optionally mono-, di- or tri-substituted independently with halo, (C1-C3)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, nitro, cyano, (C3-C5)cycloalkyl, hydroxy or (C1-C3)alkoxy; 0025 R5 is a bond, H, (C1-C10)alkyl or (C1-C10)cycloalkyl; or 0026 R4 and R5 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a fully saturated or partially unsaturated four to nine membered ring, said ring optionally bridged, optionally having one to three additional heteroatoms selected independently from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, said ring optionally mono- or di-substituted independently with oxo, hydroxy, (C1-C6)alkoxy, (C1-C8)alkyl, amino, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C1-C4)alkylaminocarbonyl, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C3-C5)cycloalkylaminocarbonyl, N-(C1-C4)alkyl-N-(C3-C5)cycloalkylaminocarbonyl, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C1-C4)alkylamino, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C3-C5)cycloalkylamino, N-(C1-C4)alkyl-N-(C3-C5)cycloalkylamino, formylamino, (C1-C4)alkylcarbonylamino, (C3-C5)cycloalkylcarbonylamino, (C1-C4)alkoxycarbonylamino, N-(C1-C4)alkoxycarbonyl-N-(C1-C4)alkylamino, (C1-C4)sulfamoyl, (C1-C4)alkylsulfonylamino, (C3-C5)cycloalkylsulfonylamino or a partially saturated, fully saturated or fully unsaturated five to eight membered ring, optionally linked through (C1-C3)alkyl, optionally having one to three heteroatoms selected independently from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, or a bicyclic ring consisting of two fused partially saturated, fully saturated or fully unsaturated three to six membered rings, taken independently, optionally linked through (C1-C3)alkyl, optionally having one to four heteroatoms selected independently from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen, optionally mono- or di-substituted with halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, (C1-C3)alkyl or (C1-C3)alkoxy. 0027 A preferred group of compounds, designated the A Group, contains those compounds having the Formula I as shown above wherein 0028 X is oxy; 0029 Y is N; 0030 Z is H; 0031 R1 is (C1-C6)alkylcarbamoyl; 0032 R2 is H; 0033 R3 is halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano, (C1-C3)alkyl, (C1-C3)alkyloxy, ethenyl or ethynyl; 0034 D is oxy, thio, (C1-C6)alkyloxy or (C1-C6)alkylthio; 0035 G is phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyridinazinyl, tetrazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiophenyl, furanyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, naphthalenyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzobfuranyl, benzobthiophenyl, benzothiazolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, morpholinyl wherein said G is optionally mono-, di- or tri-substituted independently with halo, (C1-C3)alkyl or (C1-C3)alkoxy; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 0036 A group of compounds which is preferred among the A Group of compounds, designated the B Group, contains those compounds wherein 0037 R1 is methylcarbamoyl; 0038 R3 is halo; 0039 D is (C1-C6)alkoxy; 0040 G is phenyl, pyridyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, furanyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolyl wherein said G is optionally mono-, di- or tri-substituted independently with halo, (C1-C3)alkyl, trifluoromethoxy or (C1-C3)alkoxy; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 0041 A group of compounds which is preferred among the B Group of compounds, designated the C Group, contains those compounds wherein 0042 D is (C1-C2)alkoxy; 0043 G is phenyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl or morpholinyl wherein said G is optionally mono-, di- or tri-substituted independently with halo, (C1-C3)alkyl or (C1-C3)alkoxy; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 0044 Especially preferred compounds within the B Group of compounds are compounds wherein 0045 a. R3 is chloro; 0046 D is methyleneoxy; and 0047 G is phenyl, 0048 b. R3 is chloro; 0049 D is methyleneoxy; and 0050 G is 3-furanyl, 0051 c. R3 is chloro; 0052 D is methyleneoxy; and 0053 G is 2-furanyl, 0054 d. R3 is chloro, 0055 D is methyleneoxy; and 0056 G is 2-thiazolyl, 0057 e. R3 is chloro; 0058 D is methyleneoxy; and 0059 G is 5-(3-methylisoxazolyl); and the pharmaceuticallyl acceptable salts of said compounds. 0060 Especially preferred compounds of this invention are the compounds (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-amino-5-6-(2-benzyloxy-5-chloro-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide, (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(furan-3-ylmethoxy)benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide, (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(furan-2-ylmethoxy)benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide, (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(thiazol-2-ylmethoxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide, (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-ylmethoxy) benzylaminopurin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of said compounds. 0061 A preferred group of compounds, designated the D Group, contains those compounds having the Formula I as shown above wherein 0062 X is oxy; 0063 Y is N; 0064 Z is H; 0065 R1 is (C1-C6)alkylcarbamoyl; 0066 R2 is H; 0067 R3 is halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano, (C1-C3)alkyl, (C1-C3)alkyloxy, ethenyl or ethynyl; 0068 D is (C1-C6)alkyloxy or (C1-C6)alkylthio; 0069 G is C(O)NR4R5 or C(S)NR4R5 0070 R4 and R5 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a fully saturated four to nine membered ring, optionally having one to three additional heteroatoms selected independently from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, said ring optionally mono- or di-substituted independently with oxo, (C1-C6)alkoxy, (C1-C8)alkyl, amino, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C1-C4)alkylaminocarbonyl, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C3-C5)cycloalkylaminocarbonyl, N-(C1-C4)alkyl-N-(C3-C5)cycloalkylaminocarbonyl, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C1-C4)alkylamino, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C3-C5)cycloalkylamino or N-(C1-C4)alkyl-N-(C3-C5)cycloalkylamino, formylamino, (C1-C4)alkylformylamino, (C3-C5)cycloalkylformylamino, sulfamoyl, (C1-C4)alkylsulfonylamino, (C3-C5)cycloalkylsulfonylamino or a partially saturated, fully saturated or fully unsaturated five to eight membered ring, optionally linked through (C1-C3)alkyl, optionally having one to three heteroatoms selected independently from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, or, a bicyclic ring consisting of two fused partially saturated, fully saturated or fully unsaturated three to six membered rings, taken independently, optionally linked through (C1-C3)alkyl, optionally having one to four heteroatoms selected independently from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 0071 A preferred group of compounds which is preferred among the D Group of compounds, designated the E Group, contains those compounds wherein 0072 R1 is methylcarbamoyl; 0073 R3 is halo; 0074 D is (C1-C2)alkoxy; 0075 G is C(O)NR4R5 or C(S)NR4R5; 0076 wherein R4 and R5 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, azetidinyl or pyrrolidinyl said ring optionally mono- or di-substituted independently with oxo, hydroxy, (C1-C6)alkoxy, (C1-C8)alkyl, amino, carbamoyl, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C1-C4)alkylaminocarbonyl, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C3-C5)cycloalkylaminocarbonyl, N-(C1-C4)alkyl-N-(C3-C5)cycloalkylaminocarbonyl, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C1-C4)alkylamino, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C3-C5)cycloalkylamino or N-(C1-C4)alkyl-N-(C3-C5)cycloalkylamino, formylamino, (C1-C4)alkylformylamino, (C3-C5)cycloalkylformylamino, sulfamoyl, (C1-C4)alkylsulfonylamino, (C3-C5)cycloalkylsulfonylamino or 0077 a partially saturated, fully saturated or fully unsaturated four to eight membered ring, optionally linked through (C1-C3)alkyl, optionally having one to two heteroatoms selected independently from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 0078 A preferred group of compounds which is preferred among the E Group of compounds, designated the F Group, contains those compounds wherein 0079 G is C(O)NR4R5; 0080 wherein R4 and R5 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl said ring optionally mono- or di-substituted independently with hydroxy, oxo,(C1-C6)alkoxy, (C1-C8)alkyl, amino, carbamoyl, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C1-C4)alkylaminocarbonyl, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C1-C4)alkylamino, or a partially saturated, fully saturated or fully unsaturated four to eight membered ring, optionally linked through (C1-C3)alkyl, optionally having one to two heteroatoms selected independently from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 0081 Especially preferred compounds within the F Group of compounds are compounds wherein 0082 a. R3 is chloro; 0083 D is methyleneoxy; 0084 G is C(O)NR R; 0085 wherein R4 and R5 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form piperazinyl substituted in the four position with methyl, 0086 b. R3 is chloro; 0087 D is methyleneoxy; 0088 G is C(O)NR4R5; 0089 wherein R4 and R5 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form piperazinyl, 0090 c. R3 is chloro; 0091 D is methyleneoxy; 0092 G is C(O)NR4R5; 0093 wherein R4 and R5 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form piperidinyl substituted in the four position with N,N-dimethylamino, 0094 R3 is chloro; 0095 D is methyleneoxy; 0096 G is C(O)NR4R5; 0097 wherein R4 and R5 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form piperidinyl substituted in the four position with piperidin-1-yl, 0098 e. R3 is chloro; 0099 D is methyleneoxy; 0100 G is C(O)NR4R5; 0101 wherein R4 and R5 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form piperidinyl substituted in the four position with methylamino, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of said compounds. 0102 A preferred group of compounds, designated the G Group, contains those compounds having the Formula I as shown above wherein 0103 X is oxy; 0104 Y is N; 0105 Z is H; 0106 R1 is (C1-C6)alkylcarbamoyl; 0107 R2 is H; 0108 R3 is halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano, (C1-C3)alkyl, (C1-C3)alkyloxy, ethenyl or ethynyl; 0109 D is (C1-C6)alkyloxy or (C1-C6)alkylthio; 0110 G is C(O)NR4R5 or C(S)NR4R5; 0111 R4 is H, (C1-C10)alkyl, hydroxy, (C1-C10)alkoxy, (C3-C10)cycloalkoxy or a partially saturated, fully saturated or fully unsaturated five to eight membered ring, optionally linked through (C1-C3)alkyl, optionally having one to three heteroatoms selected independently from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, or a bicyclic ring consisting of two fused partially saturated, fully saturated or fully unsaturated three to six membered rings, taken independently, optionally linked through (C1-C3)alkyl, optionally having one to four heteroatoms selected independently from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen; 0112 R5 is H, (C1-C10)alkyl or (C1-C10)cycloalkyl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 0113 A group of compounds which is preferred among the G Group of compounds, designated the H Group, contains those compounds wherein 0114 R1 is methylcarbamoyl; 0115 R3 is halo; 0116 D is (C1-C2)alkoxy; 0117 G is C(O)NR4R5 or C(S)NR4R5; 0118 R4 is H, (C1-C10)alkyl, hydroxy, (C1-C10)alkoxy, (C3-C10)cycloalkoxy or a partially saturated, fully saturated or fully unsaturated five to eight membered ring, optionally linked through (C1-C3)alkyl, optionally having one to three heteroatoms selected independently from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen; 0119 R5 is H, (C1-C10)alkyl or (C1-C10)cycloalkyl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 0120 A group of compounds which is preferred among the H Group of compounds, designated the I Group, contains those compounds wherein 0121 G is C(O)NR4R5; 0122 R4 is H, (C1-C10)alkyl, (C3-C6)cycloalkyl, hydroxy, (C1-C10)alkoxy or (C3-C10)cycloalkoxy; 0123 R5 is H, (C1-C10)alkyl or (C3-C10)cycloalkyl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 0124 An especially preferred compound within the I Group of compounds is the compound wherein 0125 R3 is chloro; 0126 D is methyleneoxy; 0127 G is C(O)NR4R5; 0128 R4 is H; 0129 R5 is H; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 0130 A preferred group of compounds, designated the J Group, contains those compounds having the Formula I as shown above wherein 0131 D is oxy, thio, (C1-C6)alkyloxy or (C1-C6)alkylthio; 0132 G is phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyridinazinyl, tetrazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiophenyl, furanyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, naphthalenyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzobfuranyl, benzobthiophenyl, benzothiazolyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, morpholinyl wherein said G is optionally mono-, di- or tri-substituted independently with halo, (C1-C3)alkyl or (C1-C3)alkoxy; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 0133 A group of compounds which is preferred among the J Group of compounds, designated the K Group, contains those compounds wherein 0134 D is (C1-C6)alkoxy; 0135 G is phenyl, pyridyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, furanyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolyl wherein said G is optionally mono-, di- or tri-substituted independently with halo, (C1-C3)alkyl or (C1-C3)alkoxy; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 0136 A preferred group of compounds, designated the L Group, contains those compounds having the Formula I as shown above wherein 0137 D is (C1-C6)alkyloxy or (C1-C6)alkylthio; 0138 G is C(O)NR4R5 or C(S)NR4R5 wherein R4 and R5 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form a fully saturated four to nine membered ring, optionally having one to three additional heteroatoms selected independently from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, said ring optionally mono- or di-substituted independently with oxo, hydroxy, (C1-C6)alkoxy, (C1-C8)alkyl, amino, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C1-C4)alkylaminocarbonyl, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C3-C5)cycloalkylaminocarbonyl, N-(C1-C4)alkyl-N-(C3-C5)cycloalkylaminocarbonyl, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C1-C4)alkylamino, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C3-C5)cycloalkylamino or N-(C1-C4)alkyl-N-(C3-C5)cycloalkylamino, formylamino, (C1-C4)alkylformylamino, (C3-C5)cycloalkylformylamino, sulfamoyl, (C1-C4)alkylsulfonylamino, (C3-C5)cycloalkylsulfonylamino or a partially saturated, fully saturated or fully unsaturated five to eight membered ring, optionally linked through (C1-C3)alkyl, optionally having one to three heteroatoms selected independently from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, or a bicyclic ring consisting of two fused partially saturated, fully saturated or fully unsaturated three to six membered rings, taken independently, optionally linked through (C1-C3)alkyl, optionally having one to four heteroatoms selected independently from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 0139 A group of compounds which is preferred among the L Group of compounds, designated the M Group, contains those compounds wherein 0140 D is (C1-C2)alkoxy; 0141 G is C(O)NR4R5 or C(S)NR4R5; 0142 wherein R4 and R5 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, azetidinyl or pyrrolidinyl said ring optionally mono- or di-substituted independently with oxo, (C1-C6)alkoxy, (C1-C8)alkyl, amino, carbamoyl, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C1-C4)alkylaminocarbonyl, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C3-C5)cycloalkylaminocarbonyl, N-(C1-C4)alkyl-N-(C3-C5)cycloalkylaminocarbonyl, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C1-C4)alkylamino, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C3-C5)cycloalkylamino or N-(C1-C4)alkyl-N-(C3-C5)cycloalkylamino, formylamino, (C1-C4)alkylformylamino, (C3-C5)cycloalkylformylamino, sulfamoyl, (C1-C4)alkylsulfonylamino, (C3-C5)cycloalkylsulfonylamino or a partially saturated, fully saturated or fully unsaturated four to eight membered ring, optionally linked through (C1-C3)alkyl, optionally having one to two heteroatoms selected independently from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 0143 A group of compounds which is preferred among the M Group of compounds, designated the N Group, contains those compounds wherein

G is C(O)NR4R5;

0144 wherein R4 and R5 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached form piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl said ring optionally mono- or di-substituted independently with oxo, hydroxy, (C1-C6)alkoxy, (C1-C8)alkyl, amino, carbamoyl, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C1-C4)alkylaminocarbonyl, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C1-C4)alkylamino, or a partially saturated, fully saturated or fully unsaturated four to eight membered ring, optionally linked through (C1-C3)alkyl, optionally having one to two heteroatoms selected independently from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 0145 A preferred group of compounds, designated the O Group, contains those compounds having the Formula I as shown above wherein 0146 D is (C1-C6)alkyloxy or (C1-C6)alkylthio; 0147 G is C(O)NR4R5 or C(S)NR4R5; 0148 R4 is H, (C1-C10)alkyl, hydroxy, (C1-C10)alkoxy, (C3-C10)cycloalkoxy or a partially saturated, fully saturated or fully unsaturated five to eight membered ring, optionally linked through (C1-C3)alkyl, optionally having one to three heteroatoms selected independently from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen, or a bicyclic ring consisting of two fused partially saturated, fully saturated or fully unsaturated three to six membered rings, taken independently, optionally linked through (C1-C3)alkyl, optionally having one to four heteroatoms selected independently from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen; 0149 R5 is H, (C1-C10)alkyl or (C1-C10)cycloalkyl; 0150 and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 0151 A group of compounds which is preferred among the O Group of compounds, designated the P Group, contains those compounds wherein

D is (C1-C2)alkoxy;

0152 R4 is H, (C1-C10)alkyl, hydroxy, (C1-C10)alkoxy, (C3-C10)cycloalkoxy or a partially saturated, fully saturated or fully unsaturated five to eight membered ring, optionally linked through (C1-C3)alkyl, optionally having one to three heteroatoms selected independently from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen; 0153 R5 is H, (C1-C10)alkyl or (C1-C10)cycloalkyl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 0154 A group of compounds which is preferred among the P Group of compounds, designated the Q Group, contains those compounds wherein 0155 G is C(O)NR4R5; 0156 R4 is H, (C1-C10)alkyl, (C3-C6)cycloalkyl, hydroxy, (C1-C10)alkoxy or (C3-C10)cycloalkoxy; 0157 R5 is H, (C1-C10)alkyl or (C3-C10)cycloalkyl; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 0158 Another aspect of this invention is directed to compounds having the Formula C 2

0159 wherein R20 and R21 are each independently (C1-C4)alkyl, H, phenyl, phenyl(C1-C4)alkyl or are joined together to form a piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl or morpholinyl ring; 0160 R22 and R23 are each independently (C1-C4)alkyl or are joined together to form a 5-6 membered carbocyclic ring; and 0161 R24 is (C1-C4)alkyl, phenyl or phenyl(C1-C4)alkyl, said phenyl or phenyl(C1-C4)alkyl optionally mono-, di, or tri-substituted independently on the phenyl moiety with nitro, halo or trifluoromethyl. 0162 Another aspect of this invention is directed to compounds having the Formula CI 3

0163 wherein R20 and R21 are each independently (C1-C4)alkyl, H, phenyl, phenyl(C1-C4)alkyl or are joined together to form a piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl or morpholinyl ring; and 0164 R24 is (C1-C4)alkyl, phenyl or phenyl (C1-C4)alkyl, said phenyl or phenyl(C1-C4)alkyl optionally mono-, di, or tri-substituted independently on the phenyl moiety with nitro, halo or trifluoromethyl. 0165 Another aspect of this invention is directed to compounds having the Formula CIII 4

0166 wherein R20 and R21 are each independently (C1-C4)alkyl, H, phenyl, phenyl(C1-C4)alkyl or are joined together to form a piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl or morpholinyl ring; 0167 R24 is (C1-C4)alkyl, phenyl or phenyl (C1-C4)alkyl, said phenyl or phenyl(C1-C4)alkyl optionally mono-, di, or tri-substituted independently on the phenyl moiety with nitro, halo or trifluoromethyl; and 0168 R25 and R26 are each independently (C1-C4)alkyl or phenyl. 0169 Another aspect of this invention is directed to compounds having the Formula CIII 5

0170 wherein R3 is halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano, (C1-C3)alkyl, (C1-C3)alkyloxy, ethenyl or ethynyl. 0171 Especially preferred compounds having Formula CIII as shown above are compounds wherein 0172 a. R3 is trifluoromethyl; 0173 b. R3 is fluoro; and 0174 c. R3 is chloro. 0175 Another aspect of this invention is directed to compounds having Formula CIV 6

0176 wherein R3 is halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano, (C1-C3)alkyl, (C1-C3)alkyloxy, ethenyl or ethynyl. 0177 Especially preferred compounds having Formula CIV as shown above are compounds wherein 0178 a. R3 is trifluoromethyl; 0179 b. R3 is fluoro; and 0180 c. R3 is chloro. 0181 Another aspect of this invention is directed to compounds having the Formula CV 7

0182 wherein R3 is halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano, (C1-C3)alkyl, (C1-C3)alkyloxy, ethenyl or ethynyl. 0183 Especially preferred compounds having Formula CV as shown above are compounds wherein 0184 a. R3 is trifluoromethyl; 0185 b. R3 is fluoro; and 0186 c. R3 is chloro. 0187 Another aspect of this invention is directed to compounds having the Formula CVI 8

0188 wherein R2 is H, (C1-C3)alkyl or (C3-C5)cycloalkyl; and 0189 R3 is halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano, (C1-C3)alkyl, (C1-C3)alkyloxy, ethenyl or ethynyl. 0190 Especially preferred compounds having Formula CVI as shown above are compounds wherein 0191 a. R2 is H; and 0192 R3 is chloro, 0193 R2 is H; and 0194 R3 is fluoro, 0195 c. R2 is cyclopropyl; and 0196 R3 is fluoro. 0197 Another aspect of this invention is directed to a method of making a compound of Formula CVII 9

0198 wherein T is (C1-C4)alkyl; 0199 R2 is H, (C1-C3)alkyl or (C3-C5)cycloalkyl; and 0200 R3 is halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano, (C1-C3)alkyl, (C1-C3)alkyloxy, ethenyl or ethynyl; comprising acylating a (C1-C4alkyl)amine with a Formula CVI compound. 10

0201 wherein 0202 R2 is H, (C1-C3)alkyl or (C3-C5)cycloalkyl; and 0203 R3 is halo, trifluoromethyl, cyano, (C1-C3)alkyl, (C1-C3)alkyloxy, ethenyl or ethynyl. 0204 A preferred aspect of the above method is wherein 0205 R2 is H or cyclopropyl; 0206 R3 is fluoro, chloro or trifluoromethyl; 0207 and the Formula CVI acid is esterified to a (C1-C6)alkyl ester prior to acylation with the (C1-C4)alkylamine. 0208 An especially preferred aspect of the immediately preceding method is wherein the Formula CVI acid is esterified with an alcohol in the presence of acid at a temperature of ambient to reflux for a period of about 1 hour to about 12 hours. 0209 An especially preferred aspect of the immediately preceding method, is wherein the ester is reacted with the amine at a temperature of about ambient to reflux for about one to about 12 hours in an alcohol solvent. 0210 An especially preferred aspect of the immediately preceding method designated the X method is, wherein the esterification occurs at a temperature of about 50 C. and the acylation occurs at a temperature of about 50 C. 0211 An especially preferred aspect of the X method is wherein 0212 the alcohol is methanol; 0213 the acid is HCl; 0214 the amine is methylamine; 0215 R2 is H; and 0216 R3 is chloro. 0217 An especially preferred aspect of the X method is wherein 0218 the alcohol is methanol; 0219 the acid is HCl; 0220 the amine is methylamine; 0221 R2 is cyclopropyl; and 0222 R3 is fluoro. 0223 An especially preferred aspect of the X method is wherein 0224 the alcohol is methanol; 0225 the acid is HCl; 0226 the amine is methylamine; 0227 R2 is H; and 0228 R3 is trifluoromethyl. 0229 Another aspect of this invention are methods of treating a mammal (e.g., human) having a disease or condition mediated by an A3 adenosine receptor by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug to the mammal. 0230 Another aspect of this invention is directed to methods of reducing tissue damage (e.g., substantially preventing tissue damage, inducing tissue protection) resulting from ischemia or hypoxia comprising administering to a mammal (e.g., a female or male human) in need of such treatment a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug. 0231 Preferred ischemic/hypoxic tissues taken individually or as a group are wherein the ischemic/hypoxic tissue is cardiac, brain, liver, kidney, lung, gut, skeletal muscle, spleen, pancreas, nerve, spinal cord, retina tissue, the vasculature, or intestinal tissue. 0232 An especially preferred ischemic/hypoxic tissue is cardiac tissue. 0233 It is especially preferred that the compounds are administered to prevent perioperative myocardial ischemic injury. 0234 Preferably, the compounds of this invention are administered prophylactically. 0235 The ischemic/hypoxic damage may occur during organ transplantation. 0236 Preferably, the compounds of this invention are administered prior to, during or shortly after, cardiac surgery or non-cardiac surgery (e.g., a three to four day infusion). 0237 In one aspect of this invention a compound of Formula I is administered locally. 0238 A preferred dosage is about 0.001 to 100 mg/kg/day of the Formula I compound, a prodrug thereof or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug. An especially preferred dosage is about 0.01 to 50 mg/kg/day of a compound of Formula I, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug. 0239 Another aspect of this invention is directed to methods of reducing myocardial tissue damage (e.g., substantially preventing tissue damage, inducing tissue protection) during surgery (e.g., coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgeries, vascular surgeries, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) or any percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention (PTCI), organ transplantation, or other non-cardiac surgeries) comprising administering to a mammal (e.g., a female or male human) a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug. 0240 Another aspect of this invention is directed to methods of reducing myocardial tissue damage (e.g., substantially preventing tissue damage, inducing tissue protection) in patients presenting with ongoing cardiac (acute coronary syndromes, e.g., myocardial infarction or unstable angina) or cerebral ischemic events (e.g., stroke) comprising administering to a mammal (e.g., a female or male human) a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug. 0241 Another aspect of this invention is directed to chronic methods of reducing myocardial tissue damage (e.g., substantially preventing tissue damage, inducing tissue protection) in a patient with diagnosed coronary heart disease (e.g., previous myocardial infarction or unstable angina) or patients who are at high risk for myocardial infarction (e.g., age>65 and two or more risk factors for coronary heart disease) comprising administering to a mammal (e.g., a female or male human) a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug. 0242 Another aspect of this invention is directed to methods of preventing ischemic/hypoxic damage comprising the chronic oral administration to a mammal in need of such treatment of a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, a prodrug of said compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug. 0243 Another aspect of this invention is directed to methods for treating cardiovascular diseases comprising administering to a mammal (e.g., a female or male human) a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug. 0244 Another aspect of this invention is directed to methods for treating arteriosclerosis comprising administering to a mammal (e.g., a female or male human) a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug. 0245 Another aspect of this invention is directed to methods for treating arrhythmia comprising administering to a mammal (e.g., a female or male human) a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug. 0246 Another aspect of this invention is directed to methods for treating angina pectoris comprising administering to a mammal (e.g., a female or male human) a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug. 0247 Another aspect of this invention is directed to methods for treating cardiac hypertrophy comprising administering to a mammal (e.g., a female or male human) a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug. 0248 Another aspect of this invention is directed to methods for treating renal diseases comprising administering to a mammal (e.g., a female or male human) a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug. 0249 Another aspect of this invention is directed to methods for treating diabetic complications comprising administering to a mammal (e.g., a female or male human) a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug. 0250 Another aspect of this invention is directed to methods for treating restenosis comprising administering to a mammal (e.g., a female or male human) a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug. 0251 Another aspect of this invention is directed to methods for treating organ hypertrophies or hyperplasias comprising administering to a mammal (e.g., a female or male human) a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug. 0252 Another aspect of this invention is directed to methods for treating septic shock and other inflammatory diseases (septicemia, endotoxcemia) comprising administering to a mammal (e.g., a female or male human) a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug. 0253 Another aspect of this invention is directed to methods for treating cerebro ischemic disorders comprising administering to a mammal (e.g., a female or male human) a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug. 0254 Another aspect of this invention is directed to methods for treating myocardial stunning comprising administering to a mammal (e.g., a female or male human) a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug. 0255 Another aspect of this invention is directed to methods for treating myocardial dysfunction comprising administering to a mammal (e.g., a female or male human) a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug. 0256 Another aspect of this invention is directed to methods for treating cerebrovascular diseases comprising administering to a mammal (e.g., a female or male human) a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug. 0257 Another aspect of this invention is directed to methods for treating organ hypertrophies or hyperplasias comprising administering to a mammal (e.g., a female or male human) a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug. 0258 This invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions which comprise a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle or diluent. 0259 This invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions for the reduction of tissue damage resulting from ischemia or hypoxia which comprise a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle or diluent. 0260 This invention is also directed to a kit for use by a consumer having or at risk of having a disease or condition resulting from, for example, ischemia or hypoxia which may be ameliorated by an A3 agonist. The kit comprises a) a suitable dosage form such as an injectable parenteral solution particularly adapted for intravenous or intramuscular injection comprising a compound of Formula I; and b) instructions describing a method of using the dosage form to reduce tissue damage resulting from ischemia or hypoxia. 0261 In the above pharmaceutical compositions and methods, preferred Formula I compounds include the preferred groups of compounds described above labeled as Group A- to Group Q. 0262 Yet another aspect of this invention are combinations of a compound of Formula I, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug and other compounds as described below. 0263 This invention is also directed to a pharmaceutical combination composition comprising: a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising 0264 a first compound, said first compound being a compound Formula I of a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug; 0265 a second compound, said second compound being a cardiovascular agent; and, optionally, 0266 a pharmaceutical carrier, vehicle or diluent. 0267 Another aspect of this invention are methods of reducing tissue damage (e.g., substantially preventing tissue damage, inducing tissue protection) resulting from or which could result from ischemia or hypoxia comprising administering to a mammal (e.g., a female or male human) 0268 a. a first compound, said first compound being a compound of Formula I, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug; and 0269 b. a second compound, said second compound being a cardiovascular agent 0270 wherein the amounts of the first and second compounds result in a therapeutic effect. 0271 Another aspect of this invention are kits comprising: 0272 a. a compound of Formula I, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle or diluent in a first unit dosage form; 0273 b. a cardiovascular agent and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle or diluent in a second unit dosage form; and 0274 c. means for containing said first and second dosage forms wherein the amounts of the first and second compounds result in a therapeutic effect. 0275 In the above combination compositions, combination methods and kits, preferably the cardiovascular agents and salts thereof (e.g., agents having a cardiovascular effect) are, for example, -blockers (e.g., acebutolol, atenolol, bopindolol, labetolol, mepindolol, nadolol, oxprenol, pindolol, propranolol, sotalol), calcium channel blockers (e.g., amlodipine, nifedipine, nisoldipine, nitrendipine, verapamil), potassium channel openers, adenosine, adenosine agonists, sodium-hydrogen exchanger type 1 (NHE-1) inhibitors, ACE inhibitors (e.g., captopril, enalapril), nitrates (e.g., isosorbide dinitrate, isosorbide 5-mononitrate, glyceryl trinitrate), diuretics (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide, piretanide, xipamide), glycosides (e.g., digoxin, metildigoxin), thrombolytics (e.g. tPA), platelet inhibitors (e.g., reopro), aspirin, dipyridamol, potassium chloride, clonidine, prazosin, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitors (e.g., dichloroacetate), pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activators, biguanides (e.g., metformin) or other adenosine A3 receptor agonists. Other cardiovascular agents include angiotensin II (All) receptor antagonists, C5a inhibitors, soluble complement receptor type 1 (sCR1) or analogues, partial fatty acid oxidation (PFOX) inhibitors (specifically, ranolazine), acetyl CoA carboxylase activators, malonyl CoA decarboxylase inhibitors, 5AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitors, adenosine nucleoside inhibitors, anti-apoptotic agents (e.g., caspase inhibitors), monophosphoryl lipid A or analogues, nitric oxide synthase activators/inhibitors, protein kinase C activators (specifically, protein kinase E), protein kinase delta inhibitor, poly (ADP ribose) synthetase (PARS, PARP) inhibitors, metformin (gluconeogenesis inhibitors, insulin sensitizers), endothelin converting enzyme (ECE) inhibitors, endothelin ETA receptor antagonists, (thrombin activated fibrinolytic inhibitor) TAFI inhibitors and Na/Ca exchanger modulators. 0276 Especially preferred NHE-1 inhibitors are 1-(8-bromoquinolin-5-yl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0277 1-(6-chloroquinolin-5-yl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0278 1-(indazol-7-yl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0279 1-(benzimidazol-5-yl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0280 1-(1-isoquinolyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0281 5-cyclopropyl-1-(4-quinolinyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0282 5-cyclopropyl-1-(quinolin-5-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0283 5-cyclopropyl-1-(quinolin-8-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0284 1-(indazol-6-yl)-5-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0285 1-(indazol-5-yl)-5-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0286 1-(benzimidazol-5-yl)-5-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0287 1-(1-methylbenzimidazol-6-yl)-5-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0288 1-(5-quinolinyl)-5-n-propyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0289 1-(5-quinolinyl)-5-isopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0290 5-ethyl-1-(6-quinolinyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0291 1-(2-methylbenzimidazol-5-yl)-5-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0292 1-(1,4-benzodioxan-6-yl)-5-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0293 1-(benzotriazol-5-yl)-5-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0294 1-(3-chloroindazol-5-yl)-5-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0295 1-(5-quinolinyl)-5-butyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0296 5-propyl-1-(6-quinolinyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0297 5-isopropyl-1-(6-quinolinyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0298 1-(2-chloro-4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0299 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0300 1-(2-trifluoromethyl-4-fluorophenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0301 1-(2-bromophenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0302 1-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0303 1-(2-chloro-5-methoxyphenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0304 1-(2-chloro-4-methylaminosulfonylphenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0305 1-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0306 1-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0307 1-(2-chloro-5-aminocarbonylphenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0308 1-(2-chloro-5-aminosulfonylphenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0309 1-(2-fluoro-6-trifluoromethylphenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0310 1-(2-chloro-5-methylsulfonylphenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0311 1-(2-chloro-5-dimethylaminosulfonylphenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0312 1-(2-trifluoromethyl-4-chlorophenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0313 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0314 5-methyl-1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0315 5-ethyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0316 5-cyclopropyl-1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0317 5-cyclopropyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0318 5-cyclopropyl-1-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 0319 In the above combination compositions, combination methods and kits preferred Formula I compounds include the preferred groups of compounds described above labeled as Group A to Group Q. 0320 This invention is also directed to a pharmaceutical combination composition comprising: a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising 0321 a first compound, said first compound being a Formula I compound, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug; 0322 a second compound, said second compound being a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor; and, optionally, 0323 a pharmaceutical carrier, vehicle or diluent. 0324 Another aspect of this invention are methods of reducing tissue damage (e.g., substantially preventing tissue damage, inducing tissue protection) resulting from or which could result from ischemia or hypoxia comprising administering to a mammal (e.g., a female or male human) 0325 a. a first compound, said first compound being a Formula I compound, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug; and 0326 b. a second compound, said second compound being a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor 0327 wherein the amounts of the first and second compounds result in a therapeutic effect. 0328 Another aspect of this invention are kits comprising: 0329 a. a Formula I compound, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle or diluent in a first unit dosage form; 0330 b. a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle or diluent in a second unit dosage form; and 0331 c. means for containing said first and second dosage forms wherein the amounts of the first and second compounds result in a therapeutic effect. 0332 In the above combination compositions, combination methods and kits preferred Formula I compounds include the preferred groups of compounds described above labeled as Group A to Group Q. 0333 In the above combination compositions, combination methods and kits preferred glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors are 0334 5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid (1S)-((R)-hydroxy-dimethylcarbamoyl-methyl)-2-phenyl-ethyl-amide, 0335 5,6-dichloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid (1S)-(R)hydroxy-(methoxy-methyl-carbamoyl)-methyl-2-phenyl-ethyl-amide, 0336 5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid (1S)-(R)-hydroxy-(methoxy-methyl-carbamoyl)-methyl-2-phenyl-ethyl-amide, 0337 5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid ((1S)-(R)-hydroxy-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-methyl-carbamoyl-methyl-2-phenyl-ethyl)amide, 0338 5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid (1S)-(R)-hydroxy-(methyl-pyridin-2-yl-carbamoyl)-methyl-2-phenyl-ethyl-amide, 0339 5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid ((1S)-(R)-hydroxy-methyl-(2-pyridin-2-yl-ethyl)-carbamoyl-methyl-2-phenyl-ethyl)-amide, 0340 5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid (1S)-benzyl-(2R)-hydroxy-3-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl-amide hydrochloride, 0341 5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid (1S)-benzyl-(2R)-hydroxy-3-(3-hydroxy-azetidin-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl-amide, 0342 5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid ((1S)-benzyl-(2R)-hydroxy-3-isoxazolidin-2-yl-3-oxo-propyl)-amide, 0343 5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid ((1S)-benzyl-(2R)-hydroxy-3-1,2oxazinan-2-yl-3-oxo-propyl)-amide, 0344 5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid (1S)-benzyl-(2R)-hydroxy-3-((3S)-hydroxy-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-3-oxo-propyl-amide, 0345 5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid (1S)-benzyl-3-((3S,4S)-dihydroxy-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-(2R)-hydroxy-3-oxo-propyl-amide, 0346 5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid (1S)-benzyl-3-((3R,4S)-dihydroxy-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-(2R)-hydroxy-3-oxo-propyl-amide, 0347 5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid ((1S)-benzyl-(2R)-hydroxy-3-morpholin-4-yl-3-oxo-propyl)-amide, 0348 5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid (1S)-benzyl-2-(3-hydroxyimino-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl-amide, 0349 5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid 2-(cis-3,4-dihydroxy-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl-amide, 0350 5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid 2-((3S,4S)-dihydroxy-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl-amide, 0351 5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid (1S)-benzyl-2-(cis-3,4-dihydroxy-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl-amide, 0352 5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid 2-(1,1-dioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl-amide, 0353 5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid (2-oxo-2-thiazolidin-3-yl-ethyl)-amide, 0354 5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid (1S)-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-piperidin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl-amide, 0355 5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid (1S)-benzyl-2-((3RS)-hydroxy-piperidin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl-amide, 0356 5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid 2-oxo-2-((1RS)-oxo-1-thiazolidin-3-yl)-ethyl-amide, 0357 5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid (1S)-(2-fluoro-benzyl)-2-(4-hydroxy-piperidin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl-amide, 0358 5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid (1S)-benzyl-2-((3S,4S)-dihydroxy-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl-amide, 0359 5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid (1S)-benzyl-2-(3-hydroxy-azetidin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl-amide, 0360 5-Chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid (1S)-benzyl-2-(3-hydroxyimino-azetidin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl-amide or 0361 5-chloro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid (1S)-benzyl-2-(4-hydroxyimino-piperidin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethyl-amide. 0362 This invention is also directed to a pharmaceutical combination composition comprising: a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising 0363 a first compound, said first compound being a Formula I compound, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug; 0364 a second compound, said second compound being an aldose reductase inhibitor; and, optionally, 0365 a pharmaceutical carrier, vehicle or diluent. 0366 Another aspect of this invention are methods of reducing tissue damage (e.g., substantially preventing tissue damage, inducing tissue protection) resulting from or which could result from ischemia or hypoxia comprising administering to a mammal (e.g., a female or male human) 0367 a. a first compound, said first compound being a Formula I compound, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug; and 0368 b. a second compound, said second compound being an aldose reductase inhibitor 0369 wherein the amounts of the first and second compounds result in a therapeutic effect. 0370 Another aspect of this invention are kits comprising: 0371 a. a Formula I compound, a prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of said compound or of said prodrug and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle or diluent in a first unit dosage form; 0372 b. an aldose reductase inhibitor and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, vehicle or diluent in a second unit dosage form; and 0373 c. means for containing said first and second dosage forms wherein the amounts of the first and second compounds result in a therapeutic effect. 0374 In the above combination compositions, combination methods and kits preferred Formula I compounds include the preferred groups of compounds described above labeled as Group A to Group Q. 0375 In the above combination compositions, combination methods and kits a preferred aldose reductase inhibitor is zopolrestat: 1-phthalazineacetic acid, 3,4-dihydro4-oxo-3-5-trifluoromethyl)-2-benzothiazolylmethyl-. 0376 In the methods of treatment as applied to the combinations described above the following are preferred administration routes, modes, etc. 0377 Preferred ischemic or hypoxic tissues taken individually or as a group are wherein the ischemic/hypoxic tissue is cardiac, brain, liver, kidney, lung, gut, skeletal muscle, spleen, pancreas, nerve, spinal cord, retina tissue, the vasculature, or intestinal tissue. 0378 An especially preferred ischemic or hypoxic tissue is cardiac tissue. 0379 It is especially preferred that the combinations are administered to prevent perioperative myocardial ischemic injury. 0380 Preferably, the combinations of this invention are administered prophylactically. 0381 The ischemic/hypoxic damage may occur during organ transplantation. 0382 Preferably, the combinations of this invention are administered prior to, during and/or shortly after, cardiac surgery or non-cardiac surgery. 0383 In one aspect of this invention the combinations are administered locally. 0384 In one aspect of this inventor myocardial tissue damage is reduced during or after surgery. 0385 In another aspect of this inventor myocardial tissue damage is reduced in patients presenting with ongoing cardiac or cerebral ischemic events. 0386 In yet another aspect of this inventor myocardial tissue damage is reduced by chronic administration of the above combinations in a patient with diagnosed coronary heart disease. 0387 The term reduction is intended to include partial prevention or prevention which, although greater than that which would result from taking no compound or from taking a placebo, is less than 100% in addition to substantially total prevention. 0388 The term damage resulting from ischemia or hypoxia as employed herein refers to conditions directly associated with reduced blood flow or oxygen delivery to tissue, for example due to a clot or obstruction of blood vessels which supply blood to the subject tissue and which result, inter alia, in lowered oxygen transport to such tissue, impaired tissue performance, tissue dysfunction and/or necrosis and/or apoptosis. Alternatively, where blood flow or organ perfusion may be quantitatively adequate, the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood or organ perfusion medium may be reduced, e.g., in hypoxic environment, such that oxygen supply to the tissue is lowered, and impaired tissue performance, tissue dysfunction, and/or tissue necrosis and/or apoptosis ensues. 0389 The term treating, treat or treatment as used herein includes preventative (e.g., prophylactic) and palliative treatment. 0390 By pharmaceutically acceptable it is meant the carrier, diluent, excipients, and/or salt must be compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation, and not deleterious to the recipient thereof. 0391 The expression prodrug refers to compounds that are drug precursors which, following administration, release the drug in vivo via some chemical or physiological process (e.g., a prodrug on being brought to the physiological pH or through enzyme action is converted to the desired drug form). 0392 Exemplary five to six membered aromatic rings optionally having one or two heteroatoms selected independently from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur are phenyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridinyl, pyridiazinyl, pyrimidinyl and pyrazinyl. 0393 Exemplary partially saturated, fully saturated or fully unsaturated five to eight membered rings optionally having one to three heteroatoms selected independently from oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen are cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl and phenyl. Further exemplary five membered rings are furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, 2-pyrrolinyl, 3-pyrrolinyl, pyrrolidinyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, 2H-imidazolyl, 2-imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, pyrazolyl, 2-pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, 1,2-dithiolyl, 1,3-dithiolyl, 3H-1,2-oxathiolyl, 1,2,3-oxadizaolyl, 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,3-triazolyl, 1,2,4-trizaolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, 3H-1,2,3-dioxazolyl, 1,2,4-dioxazolyl, 1,3,2-dioxazolyl, 1,3,4-dioxazolyl, 5H-1,2,5-oxathiazolyl and 1,3-oxathiolyl. 0394 Further exemplary six membered rings are 2H-pyranyl, 4H-pyranyl, pyridinyl, piperidinyl, 1,2-dioxinyl, 1,3-dioxinyl, 1,4-dioxanyl, morpholinyl, 1,4-dithianyl, thiomorpholinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, piperazinyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, 1,2,4-triazinyl, 1,2,3-triazinyl, 1,3,5-trithianyl, 4H-1,2-oxazinyl, 2H-1,3-oxazinyl, 6H-1,3-oxazinyl, 6H-1,2-oxazinyl, 1,4-oxazinyl, 2H-1,2-oxazinyl, 4H-1,4-oxazinyl, 1,2,5-oxathiazinyl, 1,4-oxazinyl, o-isoxazinyl, p-isoxazinyl, 1,2,5-oxathiazinyl, 1,2,6-oxathiazinyl and 1,4,2-oxadiazinyl. 0395 Further exemplary seven membered rings are azepinyl, oxepinyl, thiepinyl and 1,2,4-diazepinyl. 0396 Further exemplary eight membered rings are cyclooctyl, cyclooctenyl and cyclooctadienyl. 0397 Exemplary bicyclic rings consisting of two fused partially saturated, fully saturated or fully unsaturated five and/or six membered rings, taken independently, optionally having one to four heteroatoms selected independently from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen are indolizinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl, cyclopenta(b)pyridinyl, pyrano(3,4-b)pyrrolyl, benzofuryl, isobenzofuryl, benzo(b)thienyl, benzo(c)thienyl, 1H-indazolyl, indoxazinyl, benzoxazolyl, anthranilyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, purinyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, 1,8-naphthyridinyl, pteridinyl, indenyl, isoindenyl, naphthyl, tetralinyl, decalinyl, 2H-1-benzopyranyl, pyrido(3,4-b)-pyridinyl, pyrido(3,2-b)-pyridinyl, pyrido(4,3-b)-pyridinyl, 2H-1,3-benzoxazinyl, 2H-1,4-benzoxazinyl, 1H-2,3-benzoxazinyl, 4H-3,1-benzoxazinyl, 2H-1,2-benzoxazinyl and 4H-1,4-benzoxazinyl. 0398 By alkylene is meant saturated hydrocarbon (straight chain or branched) wherein a hydrogen atom is removed from each of the terminal carbons. Exemplary of such groups (assuming the designated length encompases the particular example) are methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, heptylene). Of course, such linking moieties may also be referred to as the substituent without the ene suffix (e.g., methyl) as is commonly done by those skilled in the art, and still refer to a linking group. 0399 By halo is meant chloro, bromo, iodo, or fluoro. 0400 By alkyl is meant straight chain saturated hydrocarbon or branched saturated hydrocarbon. Exemplary of such alkyl groups (assuming the designated length encompasses the particular example) are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, tertiary butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, tertiary pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, hexyl, isohexyl, heptyl and octyl. 0401 By alkoxy is meant straight chain saturated alkyl or branched saturated alkyl bonded through an oxygen. Exemplary of such alkoxy groups (assuming the designated length encompasses the particular example) are methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, tertiary butoxy, pentoxy, isopentoxy, neopentoxy, tertiary pentoxy, hexoxy, isohexoxy, heptoxy and octoxy . 0402 As used herein the term mono-N- or di-N,N-(C1-Cx)alkyl . . . refers to the (C1-Cx)alkyl moiety taken independently when it is di-N,N-(C1-Cx)alkyl . . . (x refers to integers). 0403 It is to be understood that if a carbocyclic or heterocyclic moiety may be bonded or otherwise attached to a designated substrate through differing ring atoms without denoting a specific point of attachment, then all possible points are intended, whether through a carbon atom or, for example, a trivalent nitrogen atom. For example, the term pyridyl means 2-, 3-, or 4-pyridyl, the term thienyl means 2-, or 3-thienyl, and so forth. 0404 The expression pharmaceutically-acceptable salt refers to nontoxic anionic salts containing anions such as (but not limited to) chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate, bisulfate, phosphate, acetate, maleate, fumarate, oxalate, lactate, tartrate, citrate, gluconate, methanesulfonate and 4-toluene-sulfonate. Where more than one basic moiety exists the expression includes multiple salts (e.g., di-salt). The expression also refers to nontoxic cationic salts such as (but not limited to) sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium or protonated benzathine (N,N-dibenzylethylenediamine), choline, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, meglamine (N-methyl-glucamine), benethamine (N-benzylphenethylamine), piperazine or tromethamine (2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol). 0405 As used herein, the expressions reaction-inert solvent and inert solvent refers to a solvent or mixture of solvents which does not interact with starting materials, reagents, intermediates or products in a manner which adversely affects the yield of the desired product. 0406 The chemist of ordinary skill will recognize that certain compounds of this invention will contain one or more atoms which may be in a particular stereochemical or geometric configuration, giving rise to stereoisomers and configurational isomers. All such isomers and mixtures thereof are included in this invention. Hydrates of the compounds of this invention are also included. 0407 DMF means N,N-dimethylformamide. DMSO means dimethyl sulfoxide. THF means tetrahydrofuran. 0408 The subject invention also includes isotopically-labelled compounds, which are identical to those recited in Formula I, but for the fact that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom having an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number usually found in nature. Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into compounds of the invention include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, fluorine and chlorine, such as 2H, 3H, 13C, 14C, 15N, 18O, 17O, 31P, 32P, 35S, 18F, and 36Cl, respectively. Compounds of the present invention, prodrugs thereof, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of said compounds or of said prodrugs which contain the aforementioned isotopes and/or other isotopes of other atoms are within the scope of this invention. Certain isotopically-labelled compounds of the present invention, for example those into which radioactive isotopes such as 3H and 14C are incorporated, are useful in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution assays. Tritiated, i.e., 3H, and carbon-14, i.e., 14C, isotopes are particularly preferred for their ease of preparation and detectability. Further, substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium, i.e., 2H, can afford certain therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements and, hence, may be preferred in some circumstances. Isotopically labelled compounds of Formula I of this invention and prodrugs thereof can generally be prepared by carrying out the procedures disclosed in the Schemes and/or in the Examples below, by substituting a readily available isotopically labelled reagent for a non-isotopically labelled reagent. 0409 Other features and advantages will be apparent from this description and claims which describe the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 0410 In general the compounds of this invention can be made by processes which include processes analogous to those known in the chemical arts, particularly in light of the description contained herein. Certain processes for the manufacture of the compounds of this invention are provided as further features of the invention and are illustrated by the following reaction schemes. Other processes are described in the experimental section. 11

0411 In general, the compounds of this invention can be made by coupling the desired chloropurine riboside and benzyl amine followed by azide reduction. The following text which is keyed to the above SCHEMES, provides a more detailed description. 0412 According to reaction SCHEME I, the desired Formula I compounds wherein R1, R2, R3, X, Y, Z, D and G are as defined above may be prepared by reduction of the azide in the corresponding Formula II compound. Typically the reduction is accomplished by combining the Formula II compound with a trialkyl or triaryl phosphine, preferably triphenyl phosphine, in a reaction inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, at temperatures of about 0 C. to about 65 C., typically at ambient temperature, for about thirty minutes to about two hours. The reaction is then treated with a base, preferably an amine base, most preferably ammonium hydroxide for about six hours to about forty-eight hours at a temperature of about 0 C. to about 65 C., preferably at ambient temperature. 0413 The desired Formula II compound wherein R2, R3, X, Y, Z, D and G are as defined above and R1 is an ester may be prepared from the appropriate Formula III compound and benzyl amine derivative (wherein R3, D and G are as defined above). Typically, the condensation reaction is run in a polar solvent, such as ethanol, in the presence of a base, preferably an amine base, most preferably triethylamine at elevated temperatures of about 40 C. to about 75 C. for about two hours to about twenty-four hours. 0414 Analogously, the desired Formula II compound wherein R2, R3, X, Y, Z, D and G are as defined above and R1 is an amide may be prepared from the appropriate Formula VI compound and benzyl amine derivative (wherein R3, D and G are as defined above). Typically, the condensation reaction is run in a polar solvent, such as ethanol, in the presence of a base, preferably an amine base, most preferably triethylamine at elevated temperatures of about 40 C. to about 75 C. for about two hours to about twenty-four hours. 0415 The Formula VI amide may be prepared from the corresponding Formula III ester by amine addition. Typically, the appropriate amine is added to the Formula III ester at a temperature of about 15 C. to about 50 C. for about one hour to about twenty-four hours in a polar solvent such as methanol. 0416 Some of the methods useful for the preparation of the compounds described herein may require protection of remote functionality (e.g., primary amine, secondary amine, carboxyl in Formula I precursors). The need for such protection will vary depending on the nature of the remote functionality and the conditions of the preparation methods. The need for such protection is readily determined by one skilled in the art. The use of such protection/deprotection methods is also within the skill in the art. For a general description of protecting groups and their use, see T. W. Greene, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1991 0417 Thus, for example, in an alternative reaction sequence the desired Formula I compound wherein R1, R2, R3, X, Y, Z, D and G are as defined above may be prepared from the corresponding Formula VI compound by protection and amine addition followed by deprotection. Thus, the Formula VI compound wherein R1, R2, X, Y and Z are as defined above undergoes azide reduction. Typically the reduction is accomplished by combining the Formula VI compound with a trialkyl or triaryl phosphine, preferably triphenyl phosphine, in a reaction inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, at temperatures of about 0 C. to about 65 C., typically at ambient temperature, for about thirty minutes to about two hours. The reaction is then treated with a base, preferably an amine base, most preferably ammonium hydroxide for about six hours to about forty-eight hours at a temperature of about 0 C. to about 65 C. Following reduction, the amine moiety is protected (P1). 0418 Preferably the amine is protected with a tert-butoxycarbonyl group. The protection is accomplished by treating the amine with tert-butoxycarbonyl anhydride and a base, preferably an amine base, most preferably triethylamine, in an anhydrous solvent such as dichloromethane, at ambient temperature for about five hours to about twenty-four hours. 0419 The desired Formula IV compound wherein R1, R2, R3, X, Y, Z, D and G are as defined above are prepared from the appropriate Formula V compound and benzyl amine derivative (wherein R3, D and G are as defined above). Typically, the condensation reaction is run in a polar solvent, such as ethanol, in the presence of a base, preferably an amine base, most preferably triethylamine at elevated temperatures of about 40 C. to about 75 C. for about two hours to about twenty-four hours. 0420 Following amine addition the desired Formula I compound may be prepared from the corresponding protected Formula IV compound by an appropriate catalyzed deprotection reaction. Typically, the protected (e.g., tertiary butyl ester protected) compound is treated with a strong acid, preferably trifluoroacetic acid at 10 C. to 50 C., preferably at ambient temperature, for about one hour to about eight hours to remove the protecting moiety. 0421 According to reaction SCHEME II the desired Formula IA compounds wherein R1, R2, R3, X, Y, Z, R4 and R5 are as defined above and D is oxy, thio or NH may be prepared by reduction of the azide in the corresponding Formula XX compound. Typically, the reduction is accomplished by combining the Formula XX compound with a trialkyl or triaryl phosphine, preferably triphenyl phosphine, in a reaction inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, at temperatures of about 0 C. to about 65 C., typically at ambient temperature, for about thirty minutes to about two hours. The reaction is then treated with a base, preferably an amine base, most preferably ammonium hydroxide for about six hours to about forty-eight hours at a temperature of about 0 C. to about 65 C. 0422 The Formula XXI ester (following conversion to the acid) is coupled with the appropriate amine in the presence of a suitable coupling agent to prepare the desired Formula XX compound. A suitable coupling agent is one which transforms a carboxylic acid into a reactive species which forms an amide linkage on reaction with an amine. 0423 The coupling agent may be a reagent which effects this condensation in a one pot process when mixed together with the carboxylic acid and amine. Exemplary coupling reagents are 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride-hydroxybenzotriazole (EDC/HOBT), dicyclohexylcarbodiimide/hydroxybenzotriazole(HOBT), 2-ethoxy-1-ethoxycarbonyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ), and diethylphosphorylcyanide. The coupling is performed in an inert solvent, preferably an aprotic solvent at a temperature of about 20 C. to about 50 C. for about one to about forty-eight hours, in the presence of excess amine as base. Exemplary solvents include acetonitrile, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide and chloroform or mixtures thereof. 0424 The coupling agent may also be that agent which converts the carboxylic acid to an activated intermediate which is isolated and/or formed in a first step and allowed to react with the amine in a second step. Examples of such coupling agents and activated intermediates are thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride to form the acid chloride, cyanuric fluoride to form an acid fluoride or an alkyl chloroformate such as isobutyl or isopropenyl chloroformate or propanephosphonic anhydride (propanephosphonic acid anhydride, PPA) (with a tertiary amine base) to form a mixed anhydride of the carboxylic acid, or carbonyldiimidazole to form an acylimidazole. If the coupling agent is oxalyl chloride, it is advantageous to employ a small amount of dimethylformamide as cosolvent with another solvent (such as dichloromethane) to catalyze the formation of the acid chloride. This activated acid derivative may be coupled by mixing with excess amine in an appropriate solvent together with an appropriate base. Appropriate solvent/base combinations are, for example, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide or acetonitrile or mixtures thereof in the presence of excess amine as base. Other appropriate solvent/base combinations include water or a (C1-C5)alcohol or a mixture thereof together with a cosolvent such as dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran or dioxane and a base such as sodium, potassium or lithium hydroxide in sufficient quantity to consume the acid liberated in the reaction. Use of these coupling agents and appropriate selection of solvents and temperatures are known to those skilled in the art or can be readily determined from the literature. These and other exemplary conditions useful for coupling carboxylic acids are described in Houben-Weyl, Vol XV, part II, E. Wunsch, Ed., G. Theime Verlag, 1974, Stuttgart; M. Bodansky, Principles of Peptide Synthesis, Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1984; and The Peptides. Analysis, Synthesis and Biology (ed. E. Gross and J. Meienhofer), vols 1-5 (Academic Press, NY 1979-1983). 0425 The Formula XXI compound may be converted to the corresponding acid by an acid catalyzed deprotection. Typically the protected (e.g., tertiary butyl ester protected) compound is treated with a strong acid, preferably trifluoroacetic acid at 10 C. to 50 C., preferably at ambient temperature for about one hour to about eight hours to form the corresponding acid. 0426 The desired Formula XXI compound wherein R1, R2, R3, X, Y, Z, D and R is a convenient ester moiety (alkyl) may be prepared from the appropriate Formula XXII compounds wherein R1, R2, R3, X, Y, Z and D are as described above (typically DH represents D as oxy, thio or NH, i.e., prior to alkylation) by an alkylation reaction. Generally, the Formula XXII compound is combined with an alkylbromoacetate in the presence of a strong base such as sodium hydride in a polar aprotic solvent such as DMF at a temperature of about 0 C. to about 30 C for a period of about one to about twenty-four hours. 0427 The Formula XXII compound wherein R1, R2, R3, X, Y. Z, D are as described above may be prepared from the appropriate Formula III compound and the appropriate benzyl amine derivative. Typically, the condensation reaction is performed in a polar solvent, such as ethanol, in the presence of a base, preferably an amine base, most preferably triethylamine at elevated temperatures of about 40 C. to about 75 C. for about two hours to about twenty-four hours. 0428 According to SCHEME III the Formula XXX compounds wherein X and Y are as defined above are prepared from a glycosidation reaction between the appropriate Formula XXXI compound and a silylated 6-chloro purine. Typically, the reaction is catalyzed by a Lewis acid, preferably trimethylsilyltriflate, in a reaction inert solvent, such as dichloroethane or acetonitrile, at temperatures from about 30 C. to about 75 C., typically at 60 C. for about thirty minutes to about six hours. 0429 The desired Formula XXXI compounds wherein X is defined above may be prepared by an acid catalyzed hydrolysis of the appropriate Formula XXXII. compound. Typically the acid is a strong mineral acid, preferably sulfuric acid, in a protic solvent mixture of acetic acid and acetic anhydride at a temperature of about 5 C. to about 40 C. for about two hours to about twenty-four hours. 0430 Analogously, the desired Formula XXXVI compounds wherein Y and X are as described above may be prepared from the appropriate Formula XXXIII compound using the glycosidation and hydrolysis reactions described above. 0431 The desired Formula XXXII compound wherein X is defined above is prepared from the appropriate Formula XXXIII compound by activation of the carboxylic acid followed by reaction with an amine. Typically, the Formula XXXIII compound may be activated by conversion to an acid chloride by, for example, treatment with oxalyl chloride in a non-polar aprotic solvent, preferably dichloromethane with a catalytic amount of dimethyl formamide, at a temperature of about 0 C. with warming to ambient temperature for about two hours to about eight hours. The acid chloride is then treated with excess of the appropriate amine at a temperature of 0 C. to about 30 C. 0432 The desired Formula XXXIII compound wherein X is defined above is prepared by oxidation of the appropriate Formula XXXIV compound. Generally the oxidant is ruthenium tetroxide, prepared using a catalytic amount of ruthenium trichloride and a stoichiometric amount of sodium periodate in a solvent mixture of chloroform, acetonitrile and water. The reaction is conveniently performed at ambient temperature for about four hours to about twenty-four hours. 0433 The desired Formula XXXIV compound wherein X is defined above is prepared from the appropriate Formula XXXV compound by treatment with periodic acid which hydrolyzes the isopropylidene group and cleaves the glycol to furnish the aldehyde. The reaction is run in ethereal solvents, typically diethyl ether conveniently at ambient temperature for about two hours to about twenty-four hours. 0434 The desired Formula XXXV compound is prepared from the corresponding hydroxyl compound by activation of the hydroxyl group and displacement with azide ion. Typically, activation is achieved by converting the hydroxyl group to the corresponding triflate derivative by reaction with triflic anhydride in the presence of an amine base, preferably pyridine at about 30 C. to about 0 C. for about thirty minutes to about two hours. The resulting triflate is treated with an alkali metal azide, preferably sodium azide, in a polar aprotic solvent, preferably dimethylformamide at about ambient temperature to about 50 C. for about six hours to about twenty-four hours. 0435 SCHEME IV provides preparation methods for the benzylamine intermediates of this invention. 0436 Thus, the Formula L benzyl amines wherein D, G and R3 are as described above (typically DH represents D as oxy, thio or NH, i.e., prior to alkylation) are prepared for example by one of three methods. In the first method, the Formula LII imide is prepared from the corresponding Formula LI aromatic compound through an imidoalkylation reaction. Thus, the appropriate Formula LI compound is treated with N-chloromethylphthalimide and an acid or Lewis acid catalyst, such as zinc chloride in an aprotic reaction inert solvent such as THF at a temperature of ambient temperature to about 100 C., preferably about 50 C. 0437 The resulting Formula LII compound is alkylated to prepare the corresponding Formula L compound by combination with the appropriate alkylation agent in a polar aprotic solvent such as DMF at a temperature of about 0 C. to about 50 C. for a period of about two to about twenty-four hours. Alternatively the alkylation can be accomplished under Mitsunobu conditions using an appropriate alcohol, triphenylphosphine, diethylazadicarboxylate in an ether solvent, preferably THF at ambient temperature for about four hours to about twenty-four hours. 0438 The resulting Formula LIX phthalimide is deprotected by treatment with hydrazine hydrate in a protic solvent such as ethanol at a temperature of ambient temperature to about 100 C., preferably about 50 C. for about one to about six hours. Alternatively, the deprotection can be accomplished by first reducing the imide with a hydride reducing agent, preferably sodium borohydride, followed by heating with acetic acid at about 50 C. to about 100 C. for about ten to about twenty-four hours. 0439 Alternatively, the Formula L benzyl amine can be prepared from a reaction sequence as follows. The Formula LV compounds are prepared from the corresponding Formula LII compounds through a two step procedure of alkylation followed by metal hydride reduction. The Formula LV compounds can also be prepared from the corresponding Formula LIV compounds by treatment with a boronic acid, preferably phenylboronic acid, and formaldehye and an acid catalyst such as propionic acid in an aprotic solvent such as benzene at a temperature of about 30 C. to about 100 C. for about one to about twenty-four hours. 0440 The Formula LVI compound wherein D, G and R3 can be prepared from the corresponding Formula LV compound. Generally, the LV benzyl alcohol is treated with diphenylphosphoryl azide and a base, preferably a strong amine base such as diazobicycloundecane (DBU), in an aprotic solvent, preferably toluene, at temperatures from about 0 C. to about 50 C., most preferably at ambient temperature for about one to about twenty-four hours. 0441 The resulting azide may be reduced to prepare the Formula L compound. In general, the reduction is accomplished by treating the appropriate Formula LVI azide with a hydrogenation catalyst, preferably a palladium catalyst, most preferably 10% Pd on carbon, in a reaction inert solvent such as an alcohol solvent, preferably ethanol. The reaction vessel is placed under an atmosphere of hydrogen gas, preferably at 15 to 50 psi conveniently at ambient temperature for about thirty minutes to about four hours. The azide reduction can also be accomplished by combining the azide with a trialkyl or triaryl phosphine, preferably triphenyl phosphine, in a reaction inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature of about 0 C. to about 65 C., typically at ambient temperature, for about one-half hour to about two hours. The reaction is then treated with a base, preferably an amine base, most preferably ammonium hydroxide for about six hours to about forty-eight hours. 0442 A third method for the synthesis of Formula L compounds is from the Formula LVII nitrites by either catalytic hydrogenation or metal hydride reduction. In general, the catalytic hydrogenation is accomplished by treating the appropriate formula LVII compound with a hydrogenation catalyst, preferably Raney nickel, in a reaction inert solvent such as an alcohol solvent, preferably ethanol containing about 1% aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution. The reaction vessel is placed under an atmosphere of hydrogen gas, preferably at 15 to 50 psi conveniently at ambient temperature for about 30 minutes to about four hours. Alternatively the reduction can be performed using a metal hydride reducing agent, preferably lithium aluminum hydride in an ethereal solvent, preferably tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature of about 0 C. to about 60 C., preferably at ambient temperature for about one to about six hours. The Formula LVII compounds are prepared by alkylation of the corresponding Formula LVIIII compounds by methods known to those skilled in the art, and as described for Formula LIX compounds. 0443 The starting materials and reagents for the above described compounds are readily available or can be easily synthesized by those skilled in the art using conventional methods of organic synthesis. For example, many of the compounds used herein are related to, or are derived from compounds found in nature, in which there is a large scientific interest and commercial need, and accordingly many such compounds are commercially available or are reported in the literature or are easily prepared from other commonly available substances by methods which are reported in the literature. 0444 Some of the compounds of this invention have asymmetric carbon atoms and can therefore exist as enantiomers or diastereomers. Diasteromeric mixtures can be separated into their individual diastereomers on the basis of their physical chemical differences by methods known per se., for example, by chromatography and/or fractional crystallization. Enantiomers can be separated by converting the enantiomeric mixture into a diasteromeric mixture by reaction with an appropriate optically active compound (e.g., alcohol), separating the diastereomers and converting (e.g., hydrolyzing) the individual diastereomers to the corresponding pure enantiomers. All such isomers, including diastereomers, enantiomers and mixtures thereof are considered as part of this invention. Also, some of the compounds of this invention are atropisomers (e.g., substituted biaryls) and are considered as part of this invention. 0445 Those skilled in the art will recognize that the compounds of Formula I can exist in several tautomeric forms. All such tautomeric forms are considered as part of this invention. Also, for example all enol-keto forms of the compounds of Formula I are included in this invention. 0446 Some of the compounds of this invention are acidic and they form a salt with a pharmaceutically acceptable cation. All of the compounds of this invention are basic and they form a salt with a pharmaceutically acceptable anion. All such salts, including di-salts are within the scope of this invention and they can be prepared by conventional methods. For example, they can be prepared simply by contacting the acidic and basic entities, in either an aqueous, non-aqueous or partially aqueous medium. The salts are recovered either by filtration, by precipitation with a non-solvent followed by filtration, by evaporation of the solvent, or, in the case of aqueous solutions, by lyophilization, as appropriate. 0447 In addition, when the compounds of this invention form metabolites, hydrates or solvates they are also within the scope of the invention. 0448 Other cardiovascular agents (e.g., agents having a cardiovascular effect) known to those skilled in the art such as those described above in the Summary may be used in conjunction with the compounds of this invention. 0449 In combination therapy treatment, both the compounds of this invention and the other drug therapies are administered to mammals (e.g., humans, male or female) by conventional methods. 0450 Any NHE-1 inhibitor may be used as the second compound (active agent) of this invention for combination therapies. The term NHE-1inhibitor refers to compounds which inhibit the sodium/proton (Na/H) exchange transport system and hence are useful as a therapeutic or prophylactic agent for diseases caused or aggravated by the acceleration of the sodium/proton (Na/H) exchange transport system. Such inhibition is readily determined by those skilled in the art according to standard assays such as are described herein below and in conventional preclinical cardioprotection assays see the in vivo assay in Klein, H. et al., Circulation 92:912-917 (1995); the isolated heart assay in Scholz, W. et al., Cardiovascular Research 29:260-268 (1995); the antiarrhythmic assay in Yasutake M. et al., Am. J. Physiol., 36:H2430-H2440 (1994); the NMR assay in Kolke et al., J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 112: 765-775 (1996). A variety of NHE-1 inhibitors are described and referenced below, however, other NHE-1 inhibitors will be known to those skilled in the art such as are disclosed in WO99/43663 published Sep. 2, 1999. Accordingly, examples of NHE-1 inhibitors useful in the compositions and methods of this invention include: 1-(8-bromoquinolin-5-yl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0451 1-(6-chloroquinolin-5-yl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0452 1-(indazol-7-yl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0453 1-(benzimidazol-5-yl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0454 1-(1-isoquinolyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0455 5-cyclopropyl-1-(4-quinolinyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0456 5-cyclopropyl-1-(quinolin-5-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0457 5-cyclopropyl-1-(quinolin-8-yl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0458 1-(indazol-6-yl)-5-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0459 1-(indazol-5-yl)-5-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0460 1-(benzimidazol-5-yl)-5-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0461 1-(1-methylbenzimidazol-6-yl)-5-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0462 1-(5-quinolinyl)-5-n-propyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0463 1-(5-quinolinyl)-5-isopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0464 5-ethyl-1-(6-quinolinyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0465 1-(2-methylbenzimidazol-5-yl)-5-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0466 1-(1,4-benzodioxan-6-yl)-5-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0467 1-(benzotriazol-5-yl)-5-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0468 1-(3-chloroindazol-5-yl)-5-ethyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0469 1-(5-quinolinyl)-5-butyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0470 5-propyl-1-(6-quinolinyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0471 5-isopropyl-1-(6-quinolinyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0472 1-(2-chloro-4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0473 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0474 1-(2-trifluoromethyl-4-fluorophenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0475 1-(2-bromophenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0476 1-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0477 1-(2-chloro-5-methoxyphenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0478 1-(2-chloro-4-methylaminosulfonylphenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0479 1-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0480 1-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0481 1-(2-chloro-5-aminocarbonylphenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0482 1-(2-chloro-5-aminosulfonylphenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0483 1-(2-fluoro-6-trifluoromethylphenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0484 1-(2-chloro-5-methylsulfonylphenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0485 1-(2-chloro-5-dimethylaminosulfonylphenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0486 1-(2-trifluoromethyl-4-chlorophenyl)-5-cyclopropyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0487 1-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0488 5-methyl-1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0489 5-ethyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0490 5-cyclopropyl-1-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0491 5-cyclopropyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; 0492 5-cyclopropyl-1-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbonylguanidine; and 0493 pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 0494 Any aldose reductase inhibitor may be used as the second compound (active agent) of this invention for combination therapies. The term aldose reductase inhibitor refers to compounds which inhibit the bioconversion of glucose to sorbitol catalyzed by the enzyme aldose reductase. Such inhibition is readily determined by those skilled in the art according to standard assays (J. Malone, Diabetes, 29:861-864, 1980. Red Cell Sorbitol, an Indicator of Diabetic Control). A variety of aldose reductase inhibitors are described and referenced below, however, other aldose reductase inhibitors will be known to those skilled in the art. The disclosures of U.S. patents listed below are hereby incorporated by reference. Also, common chemical USAN names or other designation are in parentheses where applicable, together with reference to appropriate patent literature disclosing the compound. 0495 The activity of an aldose reductase inhibitor in a tissue can be determined by testing the amount of aldose reductase inhibitor that is required to lower tissue sorbitol (i.e., by inhibiting the further production of sorbitol consequent to blocking aldose reductase) or lower tissue fructose (by inhibiting the production of sorbitol consequent to blocking aldose reductase and consequently the production of fructose). While not wishing to be bound by any particular theory or mechanism, it is believed that an aldose reductase inhibitor, by inhibiting aldose reductase, prevents or reduces ischemic or hypoxic damage as described hereinafter. 0496 Accordingly, examples of aldose reductase inhibitors useful in the compositions and methods of this invention include: 0497 1. 3-(4-bromo-2-fluorobenzyl)-3,4-dihydro4-oxo-1-phthalazineacetic acid (ponalrestat, U.S. Pat. No. 4,251,528); 0498 2. N(5-trifluoromethyl)-6-methoxy-1-naphthalenylthioxomethyl-N-methylglycine (tolrestat, U.S. Pat. No. 4,600,724); 0499 3. 5-(Z,E)--methylcinnamylidene-4-oxo-2-thioxo-3-thiazolideneacetic acid (epalrestat, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,464,382, 4,791,126, 4,831,045); 0500 4. 3-(4-bromo-2-fluorobenzyl)-7-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2,4-dioxo-1(2H)-quinazolineacetic acid (zenarestat, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,734,419, and 4,883,800); 0501 5. 2R,4R-6,7-dichloro-4-hydroxy-2-methylchroman-4-acetic acid (U.S. Pat. No. 4,883,410); 0502 6. 2R,4R-6,7-dichloro-6-fluoro-4-hydroxy-2-methylchroman-4-acetic acid (U.S. Pat. No. 4,883,410); 0503 7. 3,4-dihydro-2,8-diisopropyl-3-oxo-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-4-acetic acid (U.S. Pat. No. 4,771,050); 0504 8. 3,4-dihydro-3-oxo-4-(4,5,7-trifluoro-2-benzothiazolyl)methyl-2H-1,4-benzothiazine-2-acetic acid (SPR-210, U.S. Pat. No. 5,252,572); 0505 9. N-3,5-dimethyl-4-(nitromethyl)sulfonylphenyl-2-methyl-benzeneacetamide (ZD5522, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,270,342 and 5,430,060); 0506 10. (S)-6-fluorospirochroman-4,4-imidazolidine-2,5-dione (sorbinil, U.S. Pat. No. 4,130,714); 0507 11. d-2-methyl-6-fluoro-spiro(chroman-4,4-imidazolidine)-2,5-dione (U.S. Pat. No. 4,540,704); 0508 12. 2-fluoro-spiro(9H-fluorene-9,4imidazolidine)2,5-dione (U.S. Pat. No. 4,438,272); 0509 13. 2,7-di-fluoro-spiro(9H-fluorene-9,4imidazolidine)2,5-dione (U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,436,745, 4,438,272); 0510 14. 2,7-di-fluoro-5-methoxy-spiro(9H-fluorene-9,4imidazolidine)2,5-dione (U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,436,745, 4,438,272); 0511 15. 7-fluoro-spiro(5H-indenol1,2-bpyridine-5,3-pyrrolidine)2,5-dione (U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,436,745, 4,438,272); 0512 16. d-cis-6-chloro-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-spiro-(imidazolidine-4,4-4-H-pyrano(2,3-b)pyridine)-2,5-dione (U.S. Pat. No. 4,980,357); 0513 17. spiroimidazolidine-4,5(6H)-quinoline2,5-dione-3-chloro-7,8-dihydro-7-methyl-(5-cis) (U.S. Pat. No. 5,066,659); 0514 18. (2S,4S)-6-fluoro-2,5-dioxospiro(chroman-4,4-imidazolidine)2-carboxamide (U.S. Pat. No. 5,447,946); and 0515 19. 2-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)methyl-6-fluorospiroisoquinoline-4(1H),3-pyrrolidine-1,2,3,5(2H)-tetrone (ARI-509, U.S. Pat. No. 5,037,831). 0516 Other aldose reductase inhibitors include compounds having formula IB 15

0517 and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein 0518 Z is O or S; 0519 R1 is hydroxy or a group capable of being removed in vivo to produce a compound of formula IB wherein R1 is OH; and 0520 X and Y are the same or different and are selected from hydrogen, trifluoromethyl, fluoro, and chloro. 0521 A preferred subgroup within the above group of aldose reductase inhibitors includes numbered compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 17, and the following compounds of Formula IB: 0522 20. 3,4-dihydro-3-(5-fluorobenzothiazol-2-ylmethyl)-4-oxophthalazin-1-yl-acetic acid R1hydroxy; XF; YH; 0523 21. 3-(5,7-difluorobenzothiazol-2-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro4-oxophthalazin-1-ylacetic acid R1hydroxy; XYF; 0524 22. 3-(5-chlorobenzothiazol-2-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-4-oxophthalazin-1-ylacetic acid R1hydroxy; XCl; YH; 0525 23. 3-(5,7-dichlorobenzothiazol-2-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-4-oxophthalazin-1-ylacetic acid R1hydroxy; XYCl; 0526 24. 3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-(5-trifluoromethylbenzoxazol-2-ylmethyl)phthalazin-1-ylacetic acid R1hydroxy; XCF3; YH; 0527 25. 3,4-dihydro-3-(5-fluorobenzoxazol-2-ylmethyl)-4-oxophthalazin-1-yl-acetic acid R1hydroxy; XF; YH; 0528 26. 3-(5,7-difluorobenzoxazol-2-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-4-oxophthalazin-1-ylacetic acid R1hydroxy; XYF; 0529 27. 3-(5-chlorobenzoxazol-2-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-4-oxophthalazin-1-ylacetic cid R1hydroxy; XCl; YH; 0530 28. 3-(5,7-dichlorobenzoxazol-2-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-4-oxophthalazin-1-ylacetic acid R1hydroxy; XYCl; and 0531 29. zopolrestat; 1-phthalazineacetic acid, 3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-benzothiazolylmethyl-R1hydroxy; Xtrifluoromethyl; YH. 0532 In compounds 20-23, and 29 Z is S. In compounds 24-28, Z is O. 0533 Of the above subgroup, compounds 20-29 are more preferred with 29 especially preferred. 0534 An especially preferred aldose reductase inhibitor is 1-phthalazineacetic acid, 3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-5-trifluoromethyl)-2-benzothiazolylmethyl-. 0535 The aldose reductase inhibitor compounds of this invention are readily available or can be easily synthesized by those skilled in the art using conventional methods of organic synthesis, particularly in view of the pertinent patent specification descriptions. 0536 An amount of the aldose reductase inhibitor of this invention that is effective for the activities of this invention may be used. Typically, an effective dosage for the aldose reductase inhibitors for the combination compositions, methods and kits of this invention is in the range of about 0.1 mg/kg/day to 100 mg/kg/day in single or divided doses, preferably 0.1 mg/kg/day to 20 mg/kg/day in single or divided doses. 0537 Any glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor may be used as the second compound of this invention. The term glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor refers to any substance or agent or any combination of substances and/or agents which reduces, retards, or eliminates the enzymatic action of glycogen phosphorylase. The currently known enzymatic action of glycogen phosphorylase is the degradation of glycogen by catalysis of the reversible reaction of a glycogen macromolecule and inorganic phosphate to glucose-1-phosphate and a glycogen macromolecule which is one glucosyl residue shorter than the original glycogen macromolecule (forward direction of glycogenolysis). Such actions are readily determined by those skilled in the art according to standard assays (e.g., as described hereinafter). A variety of these compounds are included in the following published international patent applications: PCT application publication WO 96/39384 and WO96/39385. However, other glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors useful in the combinations, methods, and kits of this invention will be known to those skilled in the art. 0538 Preferred glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors include compounds having the Formula IC 16

0539 and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof 0540 wherein 0541 the dotted line ( - - - ) is an optional bond; 0542 A is C(H), C((C1-C4)alkyl) or C(halo) when the dotted line ( - - - ) is a bond, or A is methylene or CH((C1-C4)alkyl)- when the dotted line ( - - - ) is not a bond; 0543 R1, R10 or R11 are each independently H, halo, 4-, 6- or 7-nitro, cyano, (C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkoxy, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl; 0544 R2 is H; 0545 R3 is H or (C1-C5)alkyl; 0546 R4 is H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, hydroxy(C1-C3)alkyl, (C1-C3)alkoxy(C1-C3)alkyl, phenyl(C1-C4)alkyl, phenylhydroxy(C1-C4)alkyl, phenyl(C1-C4)alkoxy(C1-C4)alkyl, thien-2- or -3-yl(C1-C4)alkyl or fur-2- or -3-yl(C1-C4)alkyl wherein said R4 rings are mono-, di- or tri-substituted independently on carbon with H, halo, (C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy, amino or cyano; or 0547 R4 is pyrid-2-, -3- or 4-yl(C1-C4)alkyl, thiazol-2-, 4- or -5-yl(C1-C4)alkyl, imidazol -1-, -2-, 4- or -5-yl(C1-C4)alkyl, pyrrol-2- or -3-yl(C1-C4)alkyl, oxazol-2-, -4- or -5-yl-(C1-C4)alkyl, pyrazol-3-, 4- or -5-yl(C1-C4)alkyl, isoxazol-3-, 4- or -5-yl(C1-C4)alkyl, isothiazol-3-, 4- or -5-yl(C1-C4)alkyl, pyridazin-3- or 4-yl-(C1-C4)alkyl, pyrimidin-2-, 4-, -5- or -6-yl(C1-C4)alkyl, pyrazin-2- or -3-yl(C1-C4)alkyl or 1,3,5-triazin-2-yl(C1-C4)alkyl, wherein said preceding R4 heterocycles are optionally mono- or di-substituted independently with halo, trifluoromethyl, (C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkoxy, amino or hydroxy and said mono-or di-substituents are bonded to carbon; 0548 R5 is H, hydroxy, fluoro, (C1-C5)alkyl, (C1-C5)alkoxy, (C1-C6)alkanoyl, amino(C1-C4)alkoxy, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C1-C4)alkylamino(C1-C4)alkoxy, carboxy(C1-C4)alkoxy, (C1-C5)alkoxy-carbonyl(C1-C4)alkoxy, benzyloxycarbonyl(C1-C4)alkoxy, or carbonyloxy wherein said carbonyloxy is carbon-carbon linked with phenyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, 1H-indolyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl or 1,3,5-triazinyl and wherein said preceding R5 rings are optionally mono-substituted with halo, (C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkoxy, hydroxy, amino or trifluoromethyl and said mono-substituents are bonded to carbon; 0549 R7 is H, fluoro or (C1-C5)alkyl; or 0550 R5 and R7 can be taken together to be oxo; 0551 R6 is carboxy, (C1-C8)alkoxycarbonyl, C(O)NR8R9 or C(O)R12, wherein 0552 R8 is H, (C1-C3)alkyl, hydroxy or (C1-C3)alkoxy; and 0553 R9 is H, (C1-C8)alkyl, hydroxy, (C1C8) alkoxy, methylene-perfluorinated(C1-C8)alkyl, phenyl, pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, pyrrolidinyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyranyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, piperazinyl or 1,3,5-triazinyl wherein said preceding R9 rings are carbon-nitrogen linked; or 0554 R9 is mono-, di- or tri-substituted (C1-C5)alkyl, wherein said substituents are independently H, hydroxy, amino, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C1-C5))alkylamino; or 0555 R9 is mono- or di-substituted (C1-C5)alkyl, wherein said substituents are independently phenyl, pyridyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, pyrrolidinyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyranyl, pyridinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, piperazinyl or 1,3,5-triazinyl 0556 wherein the nonaromatic nitrogen-containing R9 rings are optionally mono-substituted on nitrogen with (C1-C6)alkyl, benzyl, benzoyl or (C1-C6)alkoxycarbonyl and wherein the R9 rings are optionally mono-substituted on carbon with halo, (C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, or mono-N- and di-N,N (C1-C5)alkylamino provided that no quaternized nitrogen is included and there are no nitrogen-oxygen, nitrogen-nitrogen or nitrogen-halo bonds; 0557 R12 is piperazin-1-yl, 4-(C1-C4)alkylpiperazin-1-yl, 4-formylpiperazin-1-yl, morpholino, thiomorpholino, 1-oxothiomorpholino, 1,1-dioxo-thiomorpholino, thiazolidin-3-yl, 1-oxo-thiazolidin-3-yl, 1,1-dioxo-thiazolidin-3-yl, 2-(C1-C6)alkoxycarbonylpyrrolidin-1-yl, oxazolidin-3-yl or 2(R)-hydroxymethylpyrrolidin-1-yl; or 0558 R12 is 3- and/or 4-mono- or di-substituted oxazetidin-2-yl, 2-, 4-, and/or 5-mono- or di-substituted oxazolidin-3-yl, 2-, 4-, and/or 5- mono- or di- substituted thiazolidin-3-yl, 2-, 4-, and/or 5- mono- or di- substituted 1-oxothiazolidin-3-yl, 2-, 4-, and/or 5-mono- or di-substituted 1,1-dioxothiazolidin-3-yl, 3- and/or 4-, mono- or di-substituted pyrrolidin-1-yl, 3-, 4- and/or 5-, mono-, di- or tri-substituted piperidin-1-yl, 3-, 4-, and/or 5-mono-, di-, or tri-substituted piperazin-1-yl, 3-substituted azetidin-1-yl, 4- and/or 5-, mono- or di-substituted 1,2-oxazinan-2-yl, 3-and/or 4-mono- or di-substituted pyrazolidin-1-yl, 4- and/or 5-, mono- or di-substituted isoxazolidin-2-yl, 4- and/or 5-, mono- and/or di-substituted isothiazolidin-2-yl wherein said R12 substituents are independently H, halo, (C1-C5)alkyl, hydroxy, amino, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C1-C5)alkylamino, formyl, oxo, hydroxyimino, (C1-C5)alkoxy, carboxy, carbamoyl, mono-N-or di-N,N-(C1-C4)alkylcarbamoyl, (C1-C4)alkoxyimino, (C1-C4)alkoxymethoxy, (C1-C6)alkoxycarbonyl, carboxy(C1-C5)alkyl or hydroxy(C1-C5)alkyl; 0559 with the proviso that if R4 is H, methyl, ethyl or n-propyl R5 is OH; 0560 with the proviso that if R5 and R7 are H, then R4 is not H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, hydroxy(C1-C3)alkyl or (C1-C3)alkoxy(C1-C3)alkyl and R6 is C(O)NR8R9, C(O)R12 or (C1-C4)alkoxycarbonyl. 0561 Preferred glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors include compounds having the Formula ID 17

0562 and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof wherein 0563 the dotted line ( - - - ) is an optional bond; 0564 A is C(H), C((C1-C4)alkyl), C(halo) or N, when the dotted line ( - - - ) is a bond, or A is methylene or CH((C1-C4)alkyl), when the dotted line ( - - - ) is not a bond; 0565 R1, R10 or R11, are each independently H, halo, cyano, 4-, 6-, or 7-nitro, (C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkoxy, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl; 0566 R2 is H; 0567 R3 is H or (C1-C5)alkyl; 0568 R4 is H, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, hydroxy(C1-C3)alkyl, (C1-C3)alkoxy(C1-C3)alkyl, phenyl(C1-C4)alkyl, phenylhydroxy(C1-C4)alkyl, (phenyl)((C1-C4)-alkoxy)(C1-C4)alkyl, thien-2- or -3-yl(C1-C4)alkyl or fur-2- or -3-yl(C1-C4)alkyl wherein said R4 rings are mono-, di- or tri-substituted independently on carbon with H, halo, (C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy, amino, cyano or 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl; or 0569 R4 is pyrid-2-, -3- or -4-yl(C1-C4)alkyl, thiazol-2-, -4- or -5-yl(C1-C4)alkyl, imidazol-2-, 4- or -5-yl(C1-C4)alkyl, pyrrol-2- or -3-yl(C1-C4)alkyl, oxazol-2-, -4- or -5-yl(C1-C4)alkyl, pyrazol-3-, -4- or -5-yl(C1-C4)alkyl, isoxazol-3-4- or -5yl(C1-C4)alkyl, isothiazol-3-, -4- or -5-yl(C1-C4)alkyl, pyridazin-3- or -4-yl(C1-C4)alkyl, pyrimidin-2-, -4-, -5- or -6-yl(C1-C4)alkyl, pyrazin-2- or -3-yl(C1-C4)alkyl, 1,3,5-triazin-2-yl(C1-C4)alkyl or indol-2-(C1-C4)alkyl, wherein said preceding R4 heterocycles are optionally mono- or di-substituted independently with halo, trifluoromethyl, (C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkoxy, amino, hydroxy or cyano and said substituents are bonded to carbon; or 0570 R4 is R15-carbonyloxymethyl, wherein said R15 is phenyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, 1H-indolyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl or 1,3,5-triazinyl and wherein said preceding R15 rings are optionally mono- or di-substituted independently with halo, amino, hydroxy, (C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkoxy or trifluoromethyl and said mono- or di-substituents are bonded to carbon; 0571 R5 is H; 0572 R6 is carboxy, (C1-C8)alkoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, C(O)NR8R9 or C(O)R12 wherein 0573 R8 is H, (C1-C6)alkyl, cyclo(C3-C6)alkyl, cyclo(C3-C6)alkyl(C1-C5)alkyl, hydroxy or (C1-C8)alkoxy; and 0574 R9 is H, cyclo(C3-C8)alkyl, cyclo(C3-C8)alkyl(C1-C5)alkyl, cyclo(C4-C7)alkenyl, cyclo(C3-C7)alkyl(C1-C5)alkoxy, cyclo(C3-C7)alkyloxy, hydroxy, methylene-perfluorinated(C1-C8)alkyl, phenyl, or a heterocycle wherein said heterocycle is pyridyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, pyrrolidinyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyranyl, pyridinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, piperazinyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, thiochromanyl or tetrahydrobenzothiazolyl wherein said heterocycle rings are carbon-nitrogen linked; or 0575 R9 is (C1-C6)alkyl or (C1-C8)alkoxy wherein said (C1-C6)alkyl or (C1-C8)alkoxy is optionally monosubstituted with cyclo(C4-C7)alken-1-yl, phenyl, thienyl, pyridyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, pyrrolidinyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyranyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, 1-oxothiomorpholinyl, 1,1-dioxothiomorpholinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, piperazinyl, 1,3,5-triazinyl or indolyl and wherein said (C1-C6)alkyl or (C1-C8)alkoxy are optionally additionally independently mono- or di-substituted with halo, hydroxy, (C1-C5)alkoxy, amino, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C1-C5)alkylamino, cyano, carboxy, or (C1-C4)alkoxycarbonyl; and 0576 wherein the R9 rings are optionally mono- or di-substituted independently on carbon with halo, (C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkoxy, hydroxy, hydroxy(C1-C4)alkyl, amino(C1-C4)alkyl, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C1-C4)alkylamino(C1-C4)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkoxy(C1-C4)alkyl, amino, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C1-C4)alkylamino, cyano, carboxy, (C1-C5)alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, formyl or trifluoromethyl and said R9 rings may optionally be additionally mono- or di-substituted independently with (C1-C5)alkyl or halo; 0577 with the proviso that no quaternized nitrogen on any R9 heterocycle is included; 0578 R12 is morpholino, thiomorpholino, 1-oxothiomorpholino, 1,1-dioxothiomorpholino, thiazolidin-3-yl, 1-oxothiazolidin-3-yl, 1,1-dioxothiazolidin-3-yl, pyrrolidin-1-yl, piperidin-1-yl, piperazin-1-yl, piperazin-4-yl, azetidin-1-yl, 1,2-oxazinan-2-yl, pyrazolidin-1-yl, isoxazolidin-2-yl, isothiazolidin-2-yl, 1,2-oxazetidin-2-yl, oxazolidin-3-yl, 3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2-yl, 1,3-dihydroisoindol-2-yl, 3,4-dihydro-2H-quinol-1-yl, 2,3-dihydro-benzo1,4oxazin-4-yl, 2,3-dihydro-benzo1,4-thiazine-4-yl, 3,4-dihydro-2H-quinoxalin-1-yl, 3,4-dihydro-benzoc1,2oxazin-1-yl, 1,4-dihydro-benzod1,2oxazin-3-yl, 3,4-dihydro-benzoe1,2-oxazin-2-yl, 3H-benzodisoxazol-2-yl, 3H-benzocisoxazol-1-yl or azepan-1-yl, 0579 wherein said R12 rings are optionally mono-, di- or tri-substituted independently with halo, (C1-C5)alkyl, (C1-C5)alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C1-C5)alkylamino, formyl, carboxy, carbamoyl, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C1-C5)alkylcarbamoyl, (C1-C6)alkoxy(C1-C3)alkoxy, (C1-C5)alkoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, (C1-C5)alkoxycarbonyl(C1-C5)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkoxycarbonylamino, carboxy(C1-C5)alkyl, carbamoyl(C1-C5)alkyl, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C1-C5)alkylcarbamoyl(C1-C5)alkyl, hydroxy(C1-C5)alkyl, (C1-C4)alkoxy(C1-C4)alkyl, amino(C1-C4)alkyl, mono-N- or di-N,N-(C1-C4)alkylamino(C1-C4)alkyl, oxo, hydroxyimino or (C1-C6)alkoxyimino and wherein no more than two substituents are selected from oxo, hydroxyimino or (C1-C6)alkoxyimino and oxo, hydroxyimino or (C1-C6)alkoxyimino are on nonaromatic carbon; and 0580 wherein said R12 rings are optionally additionally mono- or di-substituted independently with (C1-C5)alkyl or halo; 0581 with the proviso that when R6 is (C1-C5)alkoxycarbonyl or benzyloxycarbonyl then R1 is 5-halo, 5-(C1-C4)alkyl or 5-cyano and R4 is (phenyl)(hydroxy)(C1-C4)alkyl, (phenyl)((C1-C4)alkoxy)(C1-C4)alkyl, hydroxymethyl or Ar(C1-C2)alkyl, wherein Ar is thien-2- or -3-yl, fur-2- or -3-yl or phenyl wherein said Ar is optionally mono- or di-substituted independently with halo; with the provisos that when R4 is benzyl and R5 is methyl, R12 is not 4-hydroxy-piperidin-1-yl or when R4 is benzyl and R5 is methyl R6 is not C(O)N(CH3)2; 0582 with the proviso that when R1 and R10 and R11 are H, R4 is not imidazol-4-ylmethyl, 2-phenylethyl or 2-hydroxy-2-phenylethyl; 0583 with the proviso that when both R8 and R9 are n-pentyl, R1 is 5-chloro, 5-bromo, 5-cyano, 5(C1-C5)alkyl, 5(C1-C5)alkoxy or trifluoromethyl; 0584 with the proviso that when R12 is 3,4-dihydroisoquinol-2-yl, said 3,4-dihydroisoquinol-2-yl is not substituted with carboxy((C1-C4)alkyl; 0585 with the proviso that when R8 is H and R9 is (C1-C6)alkyl, R9 is not substituted with carboxy or (C1-C4)alkoxycarbonyl on the carbon which is attached to the nitrogen atom N of NHR9; and 0586 with the proviso that when R6 is carboxy and R1, R10, R11 and R5 are all H, then R4 is not benzyl, H, (phenyl)(hydroxy)methyl, methyl, ethyl or n-propyl. 0587 In general an effective dosage for the pharmacological combination compositions of this invention, for example the ischemic damage reducing activities of combinations containing the glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor compounds of this invention, is in the range of 0.005 to 50 mg/kg/day, preferably 0.01 to 25 mg/kg/day and most preferably 0.1 to 15 mg/kg/day. 0588 Any glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor may be used as the second compound of this invention. The term glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor refers to any substance or agent or any combination of substances and/or agents which reduces, retards, or eliminates the enzymatic action of glycogen phosphorylase. The currently known enzymatic action of glycogen phosphorylase is the degradation of glycogen by catalysis of the reversible reaction of a glycogen macromolecule and inorganic phosphate to glucose-1-phosphate and a glycogen macromolecule which is one glucosyl residue shorter than the original glycogen macromolecule (forward direction of glycogenolysis). Such actions are readily determined by those skilled in the art according to standard assays (e.g., as described hereinafter). A variety of these compounds are included in the following published international patent applications: PCT application publication WO 96/39384 and WO96/39385. However, other glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors will be known to those skilled in the art. 0589 Any sorbitol dehydrogenase inhibitor may be used as the second compound of this invention. Such compounds inhibit the formation of sorbitol dehydrogenase. Such actions are readily determined by those skilled in the art according to standard assays (e.g., as described hereinafter). A variety of these compounds will be known to those skilled in the art (e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,728,704). 0590 The compounds of the present invention pharmacologically mimic the cardioprotective effects of ischemic preconditioning by activating adenosine A-3 receptors and hence are useful as therapeutic or prophylactic agents for diseases caused or aggravated by ischemia or hypoxia, or ischemia/reperfusion for example, cardiovascular diseases e.g., arteriosclerosis, arrhythmia (e.g. ischemic arrhythmia, arrhythmia due to myocardial infarction, myocardial stunning, myocardial dysfunction, arrhythmia after PTCA or after thrombolysis, etc.), angina pectoris, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, heart failure (e.g. congestive heart failure, acute heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, etc.), restenosis after PTCA, PTCI, shock (e.g. hemorrhagic shock, endotoxin shock, etc.), renal diseases (e.g. diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy, ischemic acute renal failure, etc.) organ disorders associated with ischemia or ischemic reperfusion (e.g. heart muscle ischemic reperfusion associated disorders, acute renal failure, or disorders induced by surgical treatment such as coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgeries, vascular surgeries, organ transplantation, non-cardiac surgeries or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), cerebrovascular diseases (e.g., ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, etc.), cerebro ischemic disorders (e.g., disorders associated with cerebral infarction, disorders caused after cerebral apoplexy as sequelae, or cerebral edema. The compounds of this invention can also be used as an agent for myocardial protection during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgeries, vascular surgeries, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), PTCI, organ transplantation, or non-cardiac surgeries. 0591 Preferably, the compounds of this invention can be used as agents for myocardial protection before, during, or after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgeries, vascular surgeries, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), organ transplantation, or non-cardiac surgeries. 0592 Preferably, the compounds of this invention can be used as agents for myocardial protection in patients presenting with ongoing cardiac (acute coronary syndromes, e.g. myocardial infarction or unstable angina) or cerebral ischemic events (e.g., stroke). 0593 Preferably, the compounds of this invention can be used as agents for chronic myocardial protection in patients with diagnosed coronary heart disease (e.g. previous myocardial infarction or unstable angina) or patients who are at high risk for myocardial infarction (e.g., age greater than 65 and two or more risk factors for coronary heart disease). 0594 Accordingly, the compounds of this invention reduce mortality. 0595 The utility of the compounds of the present invention as medical agents in the treatment of diseases, such as are detailed herein in mammals (e.g., humans), for example, myocardial protection during surgery or mycardial protection in patients presenting with ongoing cardiac or cerebral ischemic or hypoxic events or chronic cardioprotection in patients with diagnosed coronary heart disease, or at risk for coronary heart disease, cardiac dysfunction or myocardial stunning is demonstrated by the activity of the compounds of this invention in conventional preclinical cardioprotection assays see the in vivo assay in Klein, H. et al., Circulation 92:912-917 (1995); the isolated heart assay in Tracey, W. R. et al., Cardiovascular Research 33:410415 (1997); the antiarrhythmic assay in Yasutake M. et al., Am. J. Physiol., 36:H2430-H2440 (1994); the NMR assay in Kolke et al., J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 112: 765-775 (1996) and the additional in vitro and in vivo assays described below. Such assays also provide a means whereby the activities of the compounds of this invention can be compared with the activities of other known compounds. The results of these comparisons are useful for determining dosage levels in mammals, including humans, for the treatment of such diseases.

Human Adenosine A1 and A3 Receptor Assays 0596 Materials 0597 Full-length human adenosine A1 and A3 receptor cDNA's subcloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pRcCMV (Invitrogen) were purchased from The Garvan Institute, Sydney, Australia. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells were obtained from the American Type Tissue Culture Collection (Rockville, Md., USA). DMEM and DMEM/F12 culture media and foetal calf serum were obtained from Gibco-BRL (Grand Island, N.Y., USA). The A1/A3 adenosine receptor agonist N6-(4-amino-3-1251iodobenzyl)adenosine (125I-ABA) was prepared by New England Nuclear (Boston, Mass., USA). Adenosine deaminase (ADA) was obtained from Boehringer Mannheim (Indianapolis, Ind., USA). The phosphodiesterase inhibitor RO-20-1724 was obtained from Research Biochemicals International (Matick, Mass., USA).

Expression of Human Adenosine A1 and A3 Receptors 0598 For stable expression studies adenosine receptor A1 and A3 expression plasmids (20 g) are transfected into CHO-K1 cells, or HEK 293s cells, respectively, grown in DMEM/F12 (CHO) or DMEM (HEK 293s), with 10% foetal calf serum media, using a calcium phosphate mammalian cell transfection kit (5 Prime-3 Prime). Stable transfectants are obtained by selection in complete media containing 500 g/ml (CHO) or 700 g/ml (HEK 293s) active neomycin (G418) and screened for expression by 125I-ABA binding.

Receptor Membrane Preparation 0599 Cells stably expressing either human A1 or human A3 receptors are collected by centrifugation at 300g for 5 minutes, the supernatant is discarded and the cell pellet is resuspended in cell buffer consisting of (mmoles/L): HEPES (10), MgCl2 (5), PMSF (0.1), bacitracin (100 g/ml), leupeptin (10 g/ml), DNAse I (100 g/ml), ADA (2 U/ml), pH 7.4. Crude cell membranes are prepared by repeated aspiration through a 21 gauge needle, collected by centrifugation at 60,000g for 10 minutes and stored in cell buffer at 80 C.

Estimation of Compound Binding Affinity Constants (Ki) 0600 Receptor membranes are resuspended in incubation buffer consisting of (mmoles/L): HEPES (10), EDTA (1), MgCl2 (5), pH 7.4. Binding reactions (10-20 g membrane protein) are carried out for one hour at room temperature in 250 l incubation buffer containing 0.1 nM of 125I-ABA (2200 Ci/mmol) and increasing concentrations of compound (0.1 nM-30 M). The reaction is stopped by rapid filtration with ice-cold PBS, through glass fibre filters (presoaked in 0.6% polyethylenimine) using a Tomtec 96-well harvester (Orange, Conn., USA). Filters are counted in a Wallac Microbeta liquid scintillation counter (Gaithersberg, Md., USA). Nonspecific binding is determined in the presence of 5 M I-ABA. Compound inhibitory constants (Ki) are calculated by fitting binding data via nonlinear least squares regression analysis to the equation: % Inhibition100/1(10C/10X)D, where Xlog drug concentration, C (IC50)log drug concentration at 50% inhibtion, and Dthe Hill slope. At the concentration of radioligand used in the present study (10 fold<KD), IC50Ki.

Assessment of Human Adenosine A3 Receptor Agonist Activity 0601 Adenosine A3 agonist activity is assessed by compound inhibition of isoproternol-stimulated cAMP levels. HEK293s cells stably transfected with human A3 receptors (as described above) are washed with Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) (Ca/Mg-free) and detached with 1.0 mM EDTA/PBS. Cells are collected by centrifugation at 300g for 5 minutes and the supernatant discarded. The cell pellet is dispersed and resuspended in cell buffer (DMEM/F12 containing 10 mM HEPES, 20 M RO-20-1724 and 1 U/ml ADA). Following preincubation of cells (100,000/well) for 10 min at 37 C., 1 M isoproterenol, with or without increasing concentrations (0.1 nM-300 nM) test compound, and the incubation is continued for 10 min. Reactions are terminated by the addition of 1.0 N HCl followed by centrifugation at 2000g for 10 minutes. Sample supernatants (10 l) are removed and cAMP levels determined by radioimmunoassay (New England Nuclear, Boston, Mass., USA). The basal and control isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP accumulation (pmol/ml/100,000 cells) are routinely 3 and 80, respectively. Smooth curves are fitted to the data via nonlinear least squares regression analysis to the equation: % isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP100/1(10X/10C)D, where Xlog drug concentration, C (IC50)log drug concentration at 50% inhibition, and Dthe Hill slope. 0602 As background information, it is noted that brief periods of myocardial ischemia followed by coronary artery reperfusion protects the heart from subsequent severe myocardial ischemia (Murry et al., Circulation 74:1124-1136, 1986). 0603 The therapeutic effects of the compounds of this invention in preventing heart tissue damage resulting from an ischemic insult can be demonstrated in vitro along lines presented in Tracey et al. (Cardiovasc. Res., 33:410415, 1997), as described specifically herein. Cardioprotection, as indicated by a reduction in infarcted myocardium, can be induced pharmacologically using adenosine receptor agonists in isolated, retrogradely perfused rabbit hearts as an in vitro model of myocardial ischemic preconditioning (Tracey et al. (Cardiovasc. Res., 33:410-415, 1997)). The in vitro test described below demonstrates that a test compound (i.e., a compound as claimed herein) can also pharmacologically induce cardioprotection, i.e., reduced myocardial infarct size, when administered to a rabbit isolated heart. The effects of the test compound are compared to ischemic preconditioning. The exact methodology is described below. 0604 The protocol used for these experiments closely follows that described by Tracey et al. (Cardiovasc. Res., 33:410415, 1997). Male New Zealand White rabbits (3-4 kg) are anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (30 mg/kg, i.v.). After deep anesthesia is achieved (determined by the absence of an ocular blink reflex) the animal is intubated and ventilated with 100% O2 using a positive pressure ventilator. A left thoracotomy is performed, the heart exposed, and a snare (2-0 silk) is placed loosely around a prominent branch of the left coronary artery, approximately of the distance from the apex of the heart. The heart is removed from the chest and rapidly (<30 sec) mounted on a Langendorff apparatus. The heart is retrogradely perfused in a non-recirculating manner with a modified Krebs solution (NaCl 118.5 mM, KCl 4.7 mM, Mg SO4 1.2 mM, KH2PO4 1.2 mM, NaHCO3 24.8 mM, CaCl2 2.5 mM, and glucose 10 mM), at a constant pressure of 80 mmHg and a temperature of 37 C. Perfusate pH is maintained at 7.4-7.5 by bubbling with 95% O2/5% CO2. Heart temperature is tightly controlled by using heated reservoirs for the physiological solution and water jacketing around both the perfusion tubing and the isolated heart. Heart rate and left ventricular pressures are determined via a latex balloon which is inserted in the left ventricle and connected by stainless steel tubing to a pressure transducer. The intraventricular balloon is inflated to provide a systolic pressure of 80-100 mmHg, and a diastolic pressure <10 mmHg. Total coronary flow is also continuously monitored using an in-line flow probe and normalized for heart weight. 0605 The heart is allowed to equilibrate for 30 min, over which time the heart must show stable left ventricular pressures within the parameters outlined above. If the heart rate falls below 180 bpm at any time prior to the 30 min period of regional ischemia, the heart is paced at about 200 bpm for the remainder of the experiment. Ischemic preconditioning is induced by total cessation of cardiac perfusion (global ischemia) for 5 min, followed by reperfusion for 10 min. The regional ischemia is provided by tightening the snare around the coronary artery branch. Following the 30 min regional ischemia, the snare is released and the heart reperfused for an additional 120 min. 0606 Pharmacological cardioprotection is induced by infusing the test compound at predetermined concentrations, for a 5 min period which ends 10 min before the 30 min regional ischemia. Hearts which receive test compounds do not undergo the period of ischemic preconditioning. 0607 At the end of the 120 min reperfusion period, the coronary artery snare is tightened, and a 0.5% suspension of fluorescent zinc cadmium sulfate particles (1-10 M) Duke Scientific Corp.(Palo Alto, Calif.) is perfused through the heart; this stains all of the myocardium, except that area-at-risk for infarct development (area-at-risk). The heart is removed from the Langendorff apparatus, blotted dry, wrapped in aluminum foil and stored overnight at 20 C. The next day, the heart is sliced into 2 mm transverse sections from the apex to the top of the ventricles. The slices are stained with 1% triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) in phosphate-buffered saline for 20 min at 37 C. Since TTC reacts with living tissue (containing NAD-dependent dehydrogenases), this stain differentiates between living (red stained) tissue, and dead tissue (unstained infarcted tissue). The infarcted area (no stain) and the area-at-risk (no fluorescent particles) are calculated for each slice of left ventricle using a precalibrated image analyzer. To normalize the ischemic injury for differences in the area-at-risk between hearts, the data is expressed as the ratio of infarct area vs. area-at-risk (% IA/AAR). All data are expressed as meanSE and compared statistically using a Mann-Whitney non-parametric test with a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Significance is considered as p<0.05. 0608 The results from the above in vitro test demonstrate that compounds of this invention induce significant cardioprotection relative to the control group. 0609 The therapeutic effects of the compounds of this invention in preventing heart tissue damage resulting from an ischemic insult can also be demonstrated in vivo along lines presented in Liu et al. (Circulation, Vol. 84:350-356, 1991) as described specifically herein. The in vivo assay tests the cardioprotection of the test compound relative to the control group which receives saline vehicle. Cardioprotection, as indicated by a reduction in infarcted myocardium, can be induced pharmacologically using intravenously administered adenosine receptor agonists in intact, anesthetized rabbits studied as an in vivo model of myocardial ischemic preconditioning (Liu et al., Circulation 84:350-356, 1991). The in vivo assay tests whether compounds can pharmacologically induce cardioprotection, i.e., reduced myocardial infarct size, when parenterally administered to intact, anesthetized rabbits. The effects of the compounds of this invention can be compared to ischemic preconditioning. The methodology is described below. 0610 Surgery: New Zealand White male rabbits (3-4 kg) are anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital as a bolus dose (30 mg/kg, i.v.) followed by an infusion (100 mg/kg/hr, i.v.) to maintain a surgical plane of anesthesia. A tracheotomy is performed via a ventral midline cervical incision and the rabbits are ventilated with 100% oxygen using a positive pressure ventilator. The ventilation is adjusted to maintain pH and PCO2 within physiological ranges. Body temperature is held constant at 38 C. using a heating pad. Catheters are placed in the left jugular vein for drug administration and in the left carotid artery for blood pressure measurements. The hearts are then exposed through a left thoracotomy and a snare (00 silk) placed around a prominent branch of the left coronary artery approximately two-thirds of the distance from the apex of the heart. Ischemia is induced by pulling the snare tight. Releasing the snare allows the ischemic area to reperfuse. Myocardial ischemia is evidenced by regional cyanosis; reperfusion is evidenced by reactive hyperemia. 0611 Protocol: Once arterial pressure and heart rate have been stable for at least 120 minutes the test is started. Ischemic preconditioning is induced by occluding the coronary artery for 5 min followed by a 10 min reperfusion. Pharmacological preconditioning is induced by infusing test compound over, for example, 5 minutes and allowing 10 minutes before further intervention. Following ischemic preconditioning, pharmacological preconditioning or no conditioning (unconditioned, vehicle control) the artery is occluded for 30 minutes and then reperfused for two hours to induce myocardial infarction. 0612 At the end of the 2 hour reperfusion period, the hearts are quickly removed, placed on a Langendorff apparatus, and perfused for 1 minute with normal saline heated to body temperature (38 C.). The silk suture used as the snare is then tied tightly to reocclude the artery and a 0.5% suspension of fluorescent zinc cadmium sulphate particles (1-10 82 m) Duke Scientific Corp. (Palo Alto, Calif.) is infused with the perfusate to stain all of the myocardium except for the area at risk (nonfluorescent ventricle). The hearts are then removed from the apparatus, blotted dry, wrapped in aluminum foil and stored overnight at 20 C. On the following day, the ventricles are sliced into 2 mm transverse slices sections from apex to base and stained with 1% triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) in phosphate buffered saline for 20 minutes at 38 C. Since TTC reacts with living tissue (NAD-dependent dehydrogenase present), this stain differentiates between living (red stained) tissue, and dead tissue (unstained infarcted tissue). The infarcted area (no stain) and the area at risk (no fluorescent particles) are calculated for each slice of left ventricle using a pre-calibrated image analyzer. To normalize the ischemic injury for differences in the area at risk between hearts, the data is expressed as the ratio of infarct area vs. area at risk (% IA/MR). All data are expressed as MeanSEM and compared statistically using single factor ANOVA or Mann Whitney non parametric test. Significance is considered as p<0.05. 0613 The compounds of this invention can be tested for their utility in reducing or preventing ischemic or hypoxic injury in non-cardiac tissues, for example, the brain, or the liver, utilizing procedures reported in the scientific literature. The compounds of this invention in such tests can be administered by the preferred route and vehicle of administration and at the preferred time of administration either prior to the ischemic episode, during the ischemic or hypoxic episode, following the ischemic or hypoxic episode (reperfusion period) or during any of the below-mentionedexperimental stages. 0614 The benefit of the invention to reduce ischemic or hypoxic brain damage can be demonstrated, for example, in mammals using the method of Park, et al, (Ann. Neurol. 1988;24:543-551). According to the procedure of Park, et al., adult male Sprague Dawley rats are anesthetized initially with 2% halothane, and thereafter by mechanical ventilation with a nitrous oxide-oxygen mixture (70%:30%) containing 0.5-1% halothane. A tracheostomy is then performed. The stroke volume of the ventilator is adjusted to maintain arterial carbon dioxide tension at approximately 35 mm Hg and adequate arterial oxygenation (PaO2>90 mm Hg). Body temperature can be monitored by a rectal thermometer, and the animals can be maintained normothermic, if necessary, by external heating. The animals next undergo subtemporal craniectomy to expose the main trunk of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) under an operating microscope, and the exposed artery is occluded with microbipolar coagulation to generate large ischemic lesions in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. After three hours of MCA occlusion, the rats are deeply anesthetized with 2% halothane and a thoracotomy is performed to infuse heparinized saline into the left ventricle. The effluent is collected via an incision of the right atrium. The saline washout is followed by approximately 200 ml of a 40% formaldehyde, glacial acetic acid and absolute methanol solution (FAM; 1:1:8, v/v/v), then the animals are decapitated and the head is stored in fixative for 24 hours. The brain is then removed, dissected, embedded in paraffin wax, and sectioned (approximately 100 sections of 0.2 mm per brain). The sections are then stained with hematoxylin-eosin or with a combination of cresyl violet and Luxol fast blue, and examined by light microscopy to identify and quantitate the ischemic damage using a precalibrated image analyzer. The ischemic volumes and areas are expressed in absolute units (mm3 and mm2) and as a percentage of the total region examined. The effect of the compounds, compositions and methods of this invention to reduce ischemic brain damage induced by MCA occlusion is noted based on a reduction in the area or volume of relative or absolute ischemic damage in the brain sections from the rats in the treatment group compared to brain sections from rats in a placebo-treated control group. 0615 Other methods which could alternatively be utilized to demonstrate the benefit of the invention to reduce ischemic or hypoxic brain damage include those described by Nakayama, et al. in Neurology 1988,38:1667-1673; Memezawa, et al. in Stroke 1992,23:552-559; Folbergrova, et al. in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci 1995,92:5057-5059; and Gotti, et al. in Brain Res. 1990,522:290-307. 0616 The benefit of the compounds, compositions and methods of this invention to reduce ischemic or hypoxic liver damage can be demonstrated, for example, in mammals using the method of Yokoyama, et al. (Am. J. Physiol. 1990;258;G564-G570). According to the procedure of Yokoyama, et al., fasted adult male Sprague Dawley rats are anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (40 mg/kg i.p.), then the animals are tracheotomized and mechanically ventilated with room air. The liver is extirpated and placed in an environmental chamber maintained at constant temperature (37 C.), then perfused through the portal vein at a constant pressure of 15 cm H2O with a modified, hemoglobin-free Krebs-Henseleit buffer (in mM: 118 NaCl, 4.7 KCl, 27 NaHCO3, 2.5 CaCl2, 1.2 MgSO4, 1.2 KH2PO4, 0.05 EDTA, and 11 mM glucose, plus 300 U heparin). The pH of the perfusate is maintained at 7.4 by gassing the buffer with 95% O2-5% CO2. Each liver is perfused at a flow rate of 20 ml/min in a single-pass manner for a 30 min washout and equilibration period (preischemic period), followed by a 2 hour period of global ischemia, and then a 2 hour period of reperfusion under conditions identical to the preischemic period. Aliquots (20 ml) of the perfusate are collected during the preischemic period, immediately after the occlusive ischemic period, and every 30 min of the 2 hour reperfusion period. The perfusate samples are assayed for the appearance of hepatocellular enzymes, for example, aspartate amino-transferase (AST), alanine amino-transferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which are taken to quantitatively reflect the degree of ischemic liver tissue damage during the procedure. AST, ALT, and LDH activities in the perfusate can be determined by several methods, for example, by the reflectometry method using an automatic Kodak Ektachem 500 analyzer reported by Nakano, et al. (Hepatology 1995;22:539-545). The effect of the compounds, compositions and methods of this invention in reducing ischemic liver damage induced by occlusion is noted based on a reduction in the release of hepatocellular enzymes immediately following the occlusive period and/or during the postischemic-reperfusion period in the perfused livers from the rats in the treatment group compared to perfused livers from rats in a placebo-treated control group. 0617 Other methods and parameters which could alternatively be utilized to demonstrate the benefit of the compounds, compositions and methods of this invention in reducing ischemic or hypoxic liver damage include those described by Nakano, et al. (Hepatology 1995;22:539-545).

Measurement of Human NHE-1 Inhibitory Activity 0618 Methodologies for measurement of human NHE-1 activity and inhibitor potency are based on those published by Watson et al., Am. J. Physiol., 24:G229-G238, 1991), where NHE-mediated recovery of intracellular pH is measured following intracellular acidification. Thus, fibroblasts stably expressing human NHE-1 (Counillon, L. et al., Mol. Pharmacol., 44:1041-1045 (1993) are plated onto collagen coated 96 well plates (50,000/well) and grown to confluence in growth media (DMEM high glucose, 10% fetal bovine serum, 50 /ml penicillin and streptomycin). Confluent plates are incubated for 30 min at 37 C. with the pH sensitive fluorescent probe BCECF (5 M; Molecular Probes, Eugene, Oreg.). BCECF loaded cells are incubated for 30 min at 37 C. in acid loading media (70 mM choline chloride, 50 mM NHCl4, 5 mM KCl, 1 mM MgCl2, 1.8 mM CaCl2, 5 mM glucose, 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.5), and then placed in a Fluorescent Imaging Plate Reader (Molecular Devices, Calif.). BCECF fluorescence is monitored using excitation and emission wavelengths of 485 nM and 525 nM, respectively. Intracellular acidification is initiated via rapid replacement of acid loading media with recovery media (120 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 1 mM MgCl2, 1.8 mM CaCl2, 5 mM glucose, 10 mM HEPES, pH 7.5) test compound, and NHE-mediated recovery of intracellular pH is monitored as the subsequent time-dependent increase BCECF fluorescence. The potency of human NHE-1 inhibitors is calculated as the concentration that reduces recovery of intracellular pH by 50% (IC50). Under these conditions reference NHE inhibitors amiloride and HOE-642 had IC50 values for human NHE-1 of 50 M and 0.5 M, respectively.

Aldose Reductase Inhibitor Assays 0619 Male Sprague-Dawley rats are rendered diabetic by injection of streptozocin at 55 mg/kg, i.v., in pH 4.5 citrate buffer. They are fed ad libitum in controlled conditions of housing, temperature and lighting. After five weeks of diabetes, the rats are anesthetized with an overdose of pentobarbital, and tissues are rapidly removed and analyzed for sorbitol and fructose. 0620 Sorbitol levels are analyzed according to the method of Donald M. Eades et al., Rapid Analysis of Sorbitol, Galactitol, Mannitol and Myoinositol Mixtures From Biological Sources, Journal of Chromatography, 490, 1-8, (1989). 0621 Fructose in rat tissues is enzymatically measured using a modification of the method of Ameyama (Methods in Enzymology, 89:20-29,1982), in which ferricyanide was replaced by resazurin, a dye that is reduced to the highly fluorescent resorufin. The amount of resorufin fluorescence is stoichiometric with the amount of fructose oxidized by fructose dehydrogenase. The assay contains 0.1 ml neutralized 6% perchloric acid nerve extract in a final volume of 1.5 ml. Following incubation for 60 minutes at room temperature in a closed drawer, sample fluorescence is determined at excitation560 nm, emission580 nm with slits of 5 mm each in a Perkin-Elmer model 650-40 fluorescence spectrophotometer. Fructose concentrations are calculated by comparison with a series of known fructose standards.

Measurement of SDH Activity 0622 Male Sprague-Dawley rats (350-400 g) are used for these experiments. Diabetes is induced in some of the rats by a tail vein injection of streptozocin, 85 mg/kg. Twenty-four hours later, 4 groups of diabetic rats are given a single dose of the test compound of formula I of this invention (0.001 to 100 mg/kg) by oral gavage. Animals are sacrificed 4-6 hours after.dosing and blood and sciatic nerves are harvested. Tissues and cells are extracted with 6% perchloric acid. 0623 Sorbitol in erythrocytes and nerves is measured by a modification of the method of R. S. Clements et al. (Science, 166: 1007-8, 1969). Aliquots of tissue extracts are added to an assay system which has final concentrations of reagents of 0.033 M glycine, pH 9.4, 800 mM -nicotine adenine dinucleotide, and 4 units/ml of sorbitol dehydrogenase. After incubation for 30 minutes at room temperature, sample fluorescence is determined on a fluorescence spectrophotometer with excitation at 366 nm and emission at 452 nm. After subtracting appropriate blanks, the amount of sorbitol in each sample is determined from a linear regression of sorbitol standards processed in the same manner as the tissue extracts. 0624 Fructose is determined by a modification of the method described by M. Ameyama, Methods in Enzymology, 89: 20-25 (1982). Resazurin is substituted for ferricyanide. Aliquots of tissue extracts are added to the assay system, which has final concentrations of reagents of 1.2 M citric acid, pH 4.5, 13 mM resazurin, 3.3 units/ml of fructose dehydrogenase and 0.068% Triton X-100. After incubation for 60 minutes at room temperature, sample fluorescence is determined on a fluorescence spectrophotometer with excitation at 560 nm and emission at 580 nm. After subtracting appropriate blanks, the amount of fructose in each sample is determined from a linear regression of fructose standards processed in the same manner as the tissue extracts. 0625 SDH activity is measured by a modification of the method described by U. Gerlach, Methodology of Enzymatic Analyses, edited by H. U. Bergmeyer, 3, 112-117 (1983). Aliquots of sera or urine are added to the assay system, which has final concentrations of reagents of 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, 5 mM NAD, 20 mM sorbitol, and 0.7 units/ml of sorbitol dehydrogenase. After incubation for 10 minutes at room temperature, the average change in sample absorbance is determined at 340 nm. SDH activity was presented as milliOD340 units/minute (OD340optical density at 340 nm).

Glycogen Phosphorylase Inhibitor Assays 0626 The three different purified glycogen phosphorylase (GP) isoenzymes, wherein glycogen phosphorylase is in the activated a state (referred to as glycogen phosphorylase a, or the abbreviation GPa), and referred to here as human liver glycogen phosphorylase a (HLGPa), human muscle glycogen phosphorylase a (HMGPa), and human brain glycogen phosphorylase a (HBGPa), can be obtained by the following procedures. 0627 Expression and fermentation 0628 The HLGP and HMGP cDNAs are expressed from plasmid pKK233-2 (Pharmacia Biotech. Inc., Piscataway, N.J.) in E. coli strain XL-1 Blue (Stratagene Cloning Systems, LaJolla, Calif.). The strain is inoculated into LB medium (consisting of 10 g tryptone, 5 g yeast extract, 5 g NaCl, and 1 ml 1N NaOH per liter) plus 100 mg/L ampicillin, 100 mg/L pyridoxine and 600 mg/L MnCl2 and grown at 37 C. to a cell density of OD5501.0. At this point, the cells are induced with 1 mM isopropyl-1-thio--D-galactoside (IPTG). Three hours after induction the cells are harvested by centrifugation and cell pellets are frozen at 70 C. until needed for purification. 0629 The HBGP cDNA can be expressed by several methodologies, for example, by the method described by Crerar, et al. (J. Biol. Chem. 270:13748-13756). The method described by Crerar, et al. (J. Biol. Chem. 270:13748-13756) for the expression of HBGP is as follows: the HBGP cDNA can be expressed from plasmid pTACTAC in E. Coli strain 25A6. The strain is inoculated into LB medium (consisting of 10 g tryptone, 5 g yeast extract, 5 g NaCl, and 1 ml 1N NaOH per liter) plus 50 mg/L ampicillin and grown overnight, then resuspended in fresh LB medium plus 50 mg/L ampicillin, and reinoculated into a 40volume of LB/amp media containing 250 M isopropyl-1-thio--D-galactoside (IPTG), 0.5 mM pyridoxine and 3 mM MgCl2 and grown at 22 C. for 48-50 hours. The cells can then be harvested by centrifugation and cell pellets are frozen at 70 C. until needed for purification. 0630 The HLGP cDNA is expressed from plasmid pBlueBac III (Invitrogen Corp., San Diego, Calif.) which is cotransfected with BaculoGold Linear Viral DNA (Pharmingen, San Diego, Calif.) into Sf9 cells. Recombinant virus is subsequently plaque-purified. For production of protein, Sf9 cells grown in serum-free medium are infected at a multiplicity of infection (moi) of 0.5 and at a cell density of 2106 cells/ml. After growth for 72 hours at 27 C., cells are centrifuged, and the cell pellets frozen at 70 C. until needed for purification. Purification of Glycogen Phosphorylase expressed in E. coli 0631 The E. coli cells in pellets described above are resuspended in 25 mM -glycerophosphate (pH 7.0) with 0.2 mM DTT, 1 mM MgCl2, plus the following protease inhibitors: 10.7 g/mLPepstatin A0.5 g/mLLeupeptin0.2 mMphenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF), and0.5 mMEDTA,

0632 lysed by pretreatment with 200 g/mL lysozyme and 3 g/mL DNAase followed by sonication in 250 mL batches for 51.5 minutes on ice using a Branson Model 450 ultrasonic cell disrupter (Branson Sonic Power Co., Danbury Conn.). The E. coli cell lysates are then cleared by centrifugation at 35,000g for one hour followed by filtration through 0.45 micron filters. GP in the soluble fraction of the lysates (estimated to be less than 1% of the total protein) is purified by monitoring the enzyme activity (as described in GPa Activity Assay section, below) from a series of chromatographic steps detailed below. 0633 Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography (IMAC) 0634 This step is based on the method of Luong et al (Luong et al. Journal of Chromatography (1992) 584, 77-84.). 500 mL of the filtered soluble fraction of cell lysates (prepared from approximately 160-250 g of original cell pellet) are loaded onto a 130 mL column of IMAC Chelating-Sepharose (Pharmacia LKB Biotechnology, Piscataway, N.J.) which has been charged with 50 mM CuCl2 and 25 mM -glycerophosphate, 250 mM NaCl and 1 mM imidazole at pH 7 equilibration buffer. The column is washed with equilibration buffer until the A280 returns to baseline. The sample is then eluted from the column with the same buffer containing 100 mM imidazole to remove the bound GP and other bound proteins. Fractions containing the GP activity are pooled (approximately 600 mL), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), DL-dithiothreitol (DTT), phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), leupeptin and pepstatin A are added to obtain 0.3 mM, 0.2 mM, 0.2 mM, 0.5 g/mL and 0.7 g/mL concentrations respectively. The pooled GP is desalted over a Sephadex G-25 column (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo.) equilibrated with 25 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.3), 3 mM DTT buffer (Buffer A) to remove imidazole and is stored on ice until the second chromatographic step. 0635 5-AMP-Sepharose Chromatography 0636 The desalted pooled GP sample (approximately 600 mL) is next mixed with 70 mL of 5-AMP Sepharose (Pharmacia LKB Biotechnology, Piscataway, N.J.) which has been equilibrated with Buffer A (see above). The mixture is gently agitated for one hour at 22 C. then packed into a column and washed with Buffer A until the A208 returns to baseline. GP and other proteins are eluted from the column with 25 mM Tris-HCl, 0.2 mM DTT and 10 mM adenosine 5-monophosphate (AMP) at pH 7.3 (Buffer B). GP-containing fractions are pooled following identification by determining enzyme activity (described below) and visualizing the Mr approximately 97 kdal GP protein band by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) followed by silver staining (2D-silver Stain II Daiichi Kit, Daiichi Pure Chemicals Co., LTD., Tokyo, Japan) and then pooled. The pooled GP is dialyzed into 25 mM -glycerophosphate, 0.2 mM DTT, 0.3 mM EDTA, 200 mM NaCl, pH 7.0 buffer (Buffer C) and stored on ice until use. 0637 Prior to use of the GP enzyme, the enzyme is converted from the inactive form as expressed in E. coli strain XL-1 Blue (designated GPb) (Stragene Cloning Systems, La Jolla, Calif.), to the active form (designated GPa) by the procedure described in Section (A) Activation of GP below. 0638 Purification of Glycogen Phosphorylase Expressed in Sf9 Cells 0639 The Sf9 cells in pellets described above are resuspended in 25 mM -glycerophosphate (pH 7.0) with 0.2 mM DTT, 1 mM MgCl2, plus the following protease inhibitors: 20.7 g/mLPepstatin A0.5 g/mLLeupeptin0.2 mMphenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF), and0.5 mMEDTA,

0640 lysed by pretreatment with 3 g/mL DNAase followed by sonication in batches for 31 minutes on ice using a Branson Model 450 ultrasonic cell disrupter (Branson Sonic Power Co., Danbury Conn.). The Sf9 cell lysates are then cleared by centrifugation at 35,000g for one hour followed by filtration through 0.45 micron filters. GP in the soluble fraction of the lysates (estimated to be 1.5% of the total protein) is purified by monitoring the enzyme activity (as described in GPa Activity Assay section, below) from a series of chromatographic steps detailed below. 0641 Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography (IMAC) 0642 Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography is performed as described in the section above. The pooled, desalted GP is then stored on ice until further processed. 0643 Activation of GP 0644 Before further chromatography, the fraction of inactive enzyme as expressed in Sf9 cells (designated GPb) is converted to the active form (designated GPa) by the following procedure described in Section (A) Activation of GP below. 0645 Anion Exchange Chromatography 0646 Following activation of the IMAC purified GPb to GPa by reaction with the immobilized phosphorylase kinase, the pooled GPa fractions are dialyzed against 25 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, containing 0.5 mM DTT, 0.2 mM EDTA, 1.0 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), 1.0 g/mL leupeptin and 1.0 g/mL pepstatin A. The sample is then loaded onto a MonoQ Anion Exchange Chromatography column (Pharmacia Biotech. Inc., Piscataway, N.J.). The column is washed with equilibration buffer until the A280 returns to baseline. The sample is then eluted from the column with a linear gradient of 0-0.25 M NaCl to remove the bound GP and other bound proteins. GP-containing fractions elute between 0.1-0.2 M NaCl range, as detected by monitoring the eluant for peak protein absorbance at A280. The GP protein is then identified by visualizing the Mr approximately 97 kdal GP protein band by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) followed by silver staining (2D-silver Stain II Daiichi Kit, Daiichi Pure Chemicals Co., LTD., Tokyo, Japan) and then pooled. The pooled GP is dialyzed into 25 mM N,N-bis2-Hydroxyethyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, 1.0 mM DTT, 0.5 mM EDTA, 5 mM NaCl, pH 6.8 buffer and stored on ice until use. 0647 Determination of GP Enzyme Activity 0648 A) Activation of GP: Conversion of GPb to GPa 0649 Prior to the determination of GP enzyme activity, the enzyme is converted from the inactive form as expressed in E. coli strain XL-1 Blue (designated GPb) (Stragene Cloning Systems, La Jolla, Calif.), to the active form (designated GPa) by phosphorylation of GP using phosphorylase kinase as follows. The fraction of inactive enzyme as expressed in Sf9 cells (designated GPb) is also converted to the active form (designated GPa) by the following procedure. 0650 GP Reaction with Immobilized Phosphorylase Kinase 0651 Phosphorylase kinase (Sigma Chemical Company, St. Louis, Mo.) is immobilized on Affi-Gel 10 (BioRad Corp., Melvile, N.Y.) as per the manufacturer's instructions. In brief, the phosphorylase kinase enzyme (10 mg) is incubated with washed Affi-Gel beads (1 mL) in 2.5 mL of 100 mM HEPES and 80 mM CaCl2 at pH 7.4 for 4 hours at 4 C. The Affi-Gel beads are then washed once with the same buffer prior to blocking with 50 mM HEPES and 1 M glycine methyl ester at pH 8.0 for one hour at room temperature. Blocking buffer is removed and replaced with 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.4), 1 mM -mercaptoethanol and 0.2% NaN3 for storage. Prior to use to convert GPb to GPa, the Affi-Gel immobilized phosphorylase kinase beads are equilibrated by washing in the buffer used to perform the kinase reaction, consisting of 25 mM -glycerophosphate, 0.3 mM DTT, and 0.3 mM EDTA at pH 7.8 (kinase assay buffer). 0652 The partially purified, inactive GPb obtained from 5-AMP-Sepharose chromatography above (from E. coli) or the mixture of GPa and GPb obtained from IMAC above (from Sf9 cells) is diluted 1:10 with the kinase assay buffer then mixed with the aforementioned phosphorylase kinase enzyme immobilized on the Affi-Gel beads. NaATP is added to 5 mM and MgCl2 to 6 mM. The resulting mixture is mixed gently at 25 C. for 30 to 60 minutes. The sample is removed from the beads and the percent activation of GPb by conversion to GPa is estimated by determining GP enzyme activity in the presence and absence of 3.3 mM AMP. The percentage of total GP enzyme activity due to GPa enzyme activity (AMP-independent) is then calculated as follows: 1

% of total HLGPa = \frac{HLGP activity - AMP}{HLGP activiy + AMP}

0653 Alternately, the conversion of GPb to GPa can be monitored by isoelectric focusing, based on the shift in electrophoretic mobility that is noted following conversion of GPb to GPa. GP samples are analyzed by isoelectric focusing (IEF) utilizing the Pharmacia PfastGel System (Pharmacia Biotech. Inc., Piscataway, N.J.) using precast gels (pl range 4-6.5) and the manufacturer's recommended method. The resolved GPa and GPb bands are then visualized on the gels by silver staining (2D-silver Stain II Daiichi Kit, Daiichi Pure Chemicals Co., LTD., Tokyo, Japan). Identification of GPa and GPb is made by comparison to E. coli derived GPa and GPb standards that are run in parallel on the same gels as the experimental samples. 0654 B) GPa Activity Assay 0655 The disease/condition treating/preventing activities described herein of the glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor compounds of this invention can be indirectly determined by assessing the effect of the compounds of this invention on the activity of the activated form of glycogen phosphorylase (GPa) by one of two methods; glycogen phosphorylase a activity is measured in the forward direction by monitoring the production of glucose-1-phosphate from glycogen or by following the reverse reaction, measuring glycogen synthesis from glucose-1-phosphate by the release of inorganic phosphate. All reactions can be run in triplicate in 96-well microtiter plates and the change in absorbance due to formation of the reaction product is measured at the wavelength specified below in a MCC/340 MKII Elisa Reader (Lab Systems, Finland), connected to a Titertech Microplate Stacker (ICN Biomedical Co, Huntsville, Ala.). 0656 To measure the GPa enzyme activity in the forward direction, the production of glucose-1-phosphate from glycogen is monitored by the multienzyme coupled general method of Pesce et al. Pesce, M. A., Bodourian, S. H., Harris, R. C. and Nicholson, J. F. (1977) Clinical Chemistry 23, 1711-1717 modified as follows: 1 to 100 g GPa, 10 units phosphoglucomutase and 15 units glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (Boehringer Mannheim Biochemicals, Indianapolis, Ind.) are diluted to 1 mL in Buffer A (described hereinafter). Buffer A is at pH 7.2 and contains 50 mM HEPES, 100 mM KCl, 2.5 mM ethyleneglycoltetraacetic acid (EGTA), 2.5 mM MgCl2, 3.5 mM KH2PO4 and 0.5 mM dithiothreitol. 20 l of this stock is added to 80 l of Buffer A containing 0.47 mg/mL glycogen, 9.4 mM glucose, 0.63 mM of the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). The compounds to be tested are added as 5 L of solution in 14% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) prior to the addition of the enzymes. The basal rate of GPa enzyme activity in the absence of inhibitors is determined by adding 5 L of 14% DMSO and a fully-inhibited rate of GPa enzyme activity is obtained by adding 20 L of 50 mM of the positive control test substance, caffeine. The reaction is followed at room temperature by measuring the conversion of oxidized NADP to reduced NADPH at 340 nm. 0657 To measure the GPa enzyme activity in the reverse direction, the conversion of glucose-1-phosphate into glycogen plus inorganic phosphate is measured by the general method described by Engers et al. Engers, H. D., Shechosky, S. and Madsen, N. B. (1970) Can. J. Biochem. 48, 746-754 modified as follows: 1 to 100 g GPa is diluted to 1 mL in Buffer B (described hereinafter). Buffer B is at pH 7.2 and contains 50 mM HEPES, 100 mM KCl, 2.5 mM EGTA, 2.5 mM MgCl2 and 0.5 mM dithiothreitol. 20 L of this stock is added to 80 L of Buffer B with 1.25 mg/mL glycogen, 9.4 mM glucose, and 0.63 mM glucose-1-phosphate. The compounds to be tested are added as 5 L of solution in 14% DMSO prior to the addition of the enzyme. The basal rate of GPa enzyme activity in the absence of added inhibitors is determined by adding 5 L of 14% DMSO and a fully-inhibited rate of GPa enzyme activity is obtained by adding 20 L of 50 mM caffeine. This mixture is incubated at room temperature for 1 hour and the inorganic phosphate released from the glucose-1-phosphate is measured by the general method of Lanzetta et al. Lanzetta, P. A., Alvarez, L. J., Reinach, P. S. and Candia, O. A. (1979) Anal. Biochem. 100, 95-97 modified as follows: 150 L of 10 mg/mL ammonium molybdate, 0.38 mg/mL malachite green in 1 N HCl is added to 100 L of the enzyme mix. After a 20 minute incubation at room temperature, the absorbance is measured at 620 nm. 0658 The above assays carried out with a range of concentrations of test compound allows the determination of an IC50 value (concentration of test compound required for 50% inhibition) for the in vitro inhibition of GPa enzyme activity by that test compound. 0659 Administration of the compounds of this invention can be via any method which delivers a compound of this invention preferentially to the desired tissue (e.g., liver and/or cardiac tissues). These methods include oral routes, parenteral, intraduodenal routes, etc. Generally, the compounds of the present invention are administered in single (e.g., once daily) or multiple doses or via constant infusion. 0660 The compounds of this invention are useful, for example, in reducing or minimizing damage effected directly to any tissue that may be susceptible to either ischemia/reperfusion injury or injury resulting from hypoxia (e.g., heart, brain, lung, kidney, liver, gut, skeletal muscle, retina) as the result of an ischemic or hypoxic event (e.g., myocardial infarction). The active compound is therefore usefully employed prophylactically to prevent, i.e. (prospectively or prophylactically) to blunt or stem, tissue damage (e.g., myocardial tissue) in patients who are at risk for ischemia or hypoxia (e.g., myocardial ischemia). 0661 Generally, the compounds of this invention are administered orally, or parenterally (e.g., intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or intramedullary). Topical administration may also be indicated, for example, where the patient is suffering from gastrointestinal disorders or whenever the medication is best applied to the surface of a tissue or organ as determined by the attending physician. 0662 The amount and timing of compounds administered will, of course, be dependent on the subject being treated, on the severity of the affliction, on the manner of administration and on the judgement of the prescribing physician. Thus, because of patient to patient variability, the dosages given below are a guideline and the physician may titrate doses of the drug to achieve the treatment that the physician considers appropriate for the patient. In considering the degree of treatment desired, the physician must balance a variety of factors such as age of the patient, presence of preexisting disease, as well as presence of other diseases (e.g., cardiovascular disease). 0663 Thus, for example, in one mode of administration the compounds of this invention may be administered just prior to surgery (e.g., within twenty-four hours before surgery, for example, cardiac surgery), during and/or subsequent to surgery (e.g., within twenty-four hours after surgery) where there is risk of ischemia (e.g., mycoardial ischemia). In another mode of administration, the compounds of this invention are administered with an initial loading dose (e.g., bolus injection or infusion) prior to surgery followed by a constant infusion prior to, during and post surgery. The compounds of this invention may also be administered in a chronic daily mode. 0664 An amount of a compound of this invention is used that is effective for ischemic or hypoxic protection. A preferred dosage is about 0.001 to about 100 mg/kg/day of a compound of this invention. An especially preferred dosage is about 0.01 to about 50 mg/kg/day of a compound of this invention. 0665 The compounds of the present invention are generally administered in the form of a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one of the compounds of this invention together with a pharmaceutically acceptable vehicle or diluent. Thus, the compounds of this invention can be administered individually or together in any conventional oral, parenteral (e.g., intravenous, intramuscular injection), rectal or transdermal dosage form. 0666 For oral administration a pharmaceutical composition can take the form of solutions, suspensions, tablets, pills, capsules, powders, and the like. Tablets containing various excipients such as sodium citrate, calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate are employed along with various disintegrants such as starch and preferably potato or tapioca starch and certain complex silicates, together with binding agents such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, sucrose, gelatin and acacia. Additionally, lubricating agents such as magnesium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate and talc are often very useful for tabletting purposes. Solid compositions of a similar type are also employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules; preferred materials in this connection also include lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols. When aqueous suspensions and/or elixirs are desired for oral administration, the compounds of this invention can be combined with various sweetening agents, flavoring agents, coloring agents, emulsifying agents and/or suspending agents, as well as such diluents as water, ethanol, propylene glycol, glycerin and various like combinations thereof. 0667 For purposes of parenteral administration, solutions, for example, in sesame or peanut oil or in aqueous propylene glycol can be employed, as well as sterile aqueous solutions of the corresponding water-soluble salts. Such aqueous solutions may be suitably buffered, if necessary, and the liquid diluent first rendered isotonic with sufficient saline or glucose. These aqueous solutions are especially suitable for intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous and intraperitoneal injection purposes. In this connection, the sterile aqueous media employed are all readily obtainable by standard techniques well-known to those skilled in the art. 0668 For purposes of transdermal (e.g., topical) administration, dilute sterile, aqueous or partially aqueous solutions (usually in about 0.1% to 5% concentration), otherwise similar to the above parenteral solutions, are prepared. 0669 Methods of preparing various pharmaceutical compositions with a certain amount of active ingredient are known, or will be apparent in light of this disclosure, to those skilled in this art. For examples of methods of preparing pharmaceutical compositions, see Reminqton's Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Company, Easter, Pa., 15th Edition (1975). 0670 Pharmaceutical compositions according to the invention may contain, for example, 0.0001%-95% of the compound(s) of this invention. In any event, the composition or formulation to be administered will contain a quantity of a compound(s) according to the invention in an amount effective to treat the disease/condition of the subject being treated. 0671 Advantageously, the present invention also provides kits for use by a consumer having, or at risk of having, a disease or condition resulting from, for example, ischemia or hypoxia, which can be ameliorated by an A3 agonist. Such kits include a suitable dosage form such as an injectable parenteral solution particularly adapted for intravenous or intramuscular injection and instructions describing the method of using such dosage form to reduce the risk of tissue damage to the consumer. The instructions would direct the consumer or medical personnel to administer the parenteral solution according to administration modes known to those skilled in the art. Such kits could advantageously be packaged and sold in single or multiple parenteral kits units. 0672 The two different compounds of the combination of this invention can be co-administered simultaneously or sequentially in any order, or as a single pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of Formula I and an aldose reductase inhibitor as described above or a glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor as described above or a sorbitol dehydrogenase inhibitor or a cardiovascular agent. 0673 Since the present invention has an aspect that relates to the treatment of the disease/conditions described herein with a combination of active ingredients which may be administered separately, the invention also relates to combining separate pharmaceutical compositions in kit form. The kit comprises two separate pharmaceutical compositions: a compound of Formula I, a prodrug thereof or a salt of such compound or prodrug and a second compound as described above. The kit comprises a means for containing the separate compositions such as a container, a divided bottle or a divided foil packet. Typically, the kit comprises directions for the administration of the separate components. The kit form is particularly advantageous when the separate components are preferably administered in different dosage forms (e.g., oral and parenteral), are administered at different dosage intervals, or when titration of the individual components of the combination is desired by the prescribing physician. 0674 An example of such a kit is a so-called blister pack. Blister packs are well known in the packaging industry and are being widely used for the packaging of pharmaceutical unit dosage forms (tablets, capsules, and the like). Blister packs generally consist of a sheet of relatively stiff material covered with a foil of a preferably transparent plastic material. During the packaging process recesses are formed in the plastic foil. The recesses have the size and shape of the tablets or capsules to be packed. Next, the tablets or capsules are placed in the recesses and the sheet of relatively stiff material is sealed against the plastic foil at the face of the foil which is opposite from the direction in which the recesses were formed. As a result, the tablets or capsules are sealed in the recesses between the plastic foil and the sheet. Preferably the strength of the sheet is such that the tablets or capsules can be removed from the blister pack by manually applying pressure on the recesses whereby an opening is formed in the sheet at the place of the recess. The tablet or capsule can then be removed via said opening. 0675 It may be desirable to provide a memory aid on the kit, e.g., in the form of numbers next to the tablets or capsules whereby the numbers correspond with the days of the regimen which the tablets or capsules so specified should be ingested. Another example of such a memory aid is a calendar printed on the card, e.g., as follows First Week, Monday, Tuesday, . . . etc . . . Second Week, Monday, Tuesday, . . . etc. Other variations of memory aids will be readily apparent. A daily dose can be a single tablet or capsule or several pills or capsules to be taken on a given day. Also, a daily dose of Formula I compound can consist of one tablet or capsule while a daily dose of the second compound can consist of several tablets or capsules and vice versa. The memory aid should reflect this. 0676 In another specific embodiment of the invention, a dispenser designed to dispense the daily doses one at a time in the order of their intended use is provided. Preferably, the dispenser is equipped with a memory aid, so as to further facilitate compliance with the regimen. An example of such a memory aid is a mechanical counter which indicates the number of daily doses that has been dispensed. Another example of such a memory aid is a battery powered microchip memory coupled with a liquid crystal readout, or audible reminder signal which, for example, reads out the date that the last daily dose has been taken and/or reminds one when the next dose is to be taken. 0677 The compounds of this invention generally will be administered in a convenient formulation. The following formulation examples are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. 0678 In the formulations which follow, active ingredient means a compound(s) of this invention. 3Formulation 1: Gelatin CapsulesHard gelatin capsules are prepared using the following:IngredientQuantity (mg/capsule)Active ingredient0.25-100Starch, NF0-650Starch flowable powder0-50Silicone fluid 350 centistokes0-15

0679 A tablet formulation is prepared using the ingredients below: 4Formulation 2: TabletsIngredientQuantity (mg/tablet)Active ingredient0.25-100Cellulose, microcrystalline200-650Silicon dioxide, fumed10-650Stearate acid5-15

0680 The components are blended and compressed to form tablets. 0681 Alternatively, tablets each containing 0.25-100 mg of active ingredients are made up as follows: 5Formulation 3: TabletsIngredientQuantity (mg/tablet)Active ingredient0.25-100Starch45Cellulose, microcrystalline35Polyvinylpyrrolidone (as410% solution in water)Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose4.5Magnesium stearate0.5Talc1

0682 The active ingredient, starch, and cellulose are passed through a No. 45 mesh U.S. sieve and mixed thoroughly. The solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone is mixed with the resultant powders which are then passed through a No. 14 mesh U.S. sieve. The granules so produced are dried at 50-60 C. and passed through a No. 18 mesh U.S. sieve. The sodium carboxymethyl starch, magnesium stearate, and talc, previously passed through a No. 60 U.S. sieve, are then added to the granules which, after mixing, are compressed on a tablet machine to yield tablets. 0683 Suspensions each containing 0.25-100 mg of active ingredient per 5 ml dose are made as follows: 6Formulation 4: SuspensionsQuantityIngredient(mg/5 ml)Active ingredient0.25-100mgSodium carboxymethyl cellulose50mgSyrup1.25mgBenzoic acid solution0.10mLFlavorq.v.Colorq.v.Purified Water to5mL

0684 The active ingredient is passed through a No. 45 mesh U.S. sieve and mixed with the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and syrup to form smooth paste. The benzoic acid solution, flavor, and color are diluted with some of the water and 15 added, with stirring. Sufficient water is then added to produce the required volume. An aerosol solution is prepared containing the following ingredients: 7Formulation 5: AerosolIngredientQuantity (% by weight)Active ingredient0.25Ethanol25.75Propellant 2274.00(Chlorodifluoromethane)

0685 The active ingredient is mixed with ethanol and the mixture added to a portion of the propellant 22, cooled to 30 C., and transferred to a filling device. The required amount is then fed to a stainless steel container and diluted with the remaining propellant. The valve units are then fitted to the container. 0686 Suppositories are prepared as follows: 8Formulation 6: SuppositoriesQuantityIngredient(mg/suppository)Active ingredient250Saturated fatty acid glycerides2,000

0687 The active ingredient is passed through a No. 60 mesh U.S. sieve and suspended in the saturated fatty acid glycerides previously melted using the minimal necessary heat. The mixture is then poured into a suppository mold of nominal 2 g capacity and allowed to cool. 0688 An intravenous formulation is prepared as follows: 9Formulation 7: Intravenous SolutionIngredientQuantityActive ingredient25 mg-10,000mgIsotonic saline1,000mL

0689 The solution of the above ingredients is intravenously administered to a patient. 0690 The active ingredient above may also be a combination of agents.

GENERAL EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 0691 NMR spectra were recorded on a Varian XL-300 (Varian Co., Palo Alto, Calif.), a Bruker AM-300 spectrometer (Bruker Co., Billerica, Mass.) or a Varian Unity 400 at about 23 C. at 300 or 400 MHz for proton. Chemical shifts are expressed in parts per million downfield from tetramethylsilane. The peak shapes are denoted as follows: s, singlet; d, doublet; t, triplet, q, quartet; m, multiplet; bs, broad singlet. Resonances designated as exchangeable did not appear in a separate NMR experiment where the sample was shaken with several drops of D2O in the same solvent. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectra (APCIMS) were obtained on a Fisons Platform II Spectrometer. Chemical ionization mass spectra (CIMS) were obtained on a Hewlett-Packard 5989 instrument (Hewlett-Packard Co., Palo Alto, Calif.) (ammonia ionization, PBMS). Where the intensity of chlorine or bromine-containing ions are described the expected intensity ratio was observed (approximately 3:1 for 35Cl/37Cl-containing ions and 1:1 for 79Br/81Br-containing ions) and M is based on 35Cl and 79Br. In some cases only representative 1H NMR and APCIMS peaks are given. 0692 Column chromatography was performed with either Baker Silica Gel (40 m) (J. T. Baker, Phillipsburg, N.J.) or Silica Gel 60 (EM Sciences, Gibbstown, N.J.) in glass columns or in Flash 40 or Flash 12 (Biotage, Charlottesville, Va.) columns under nitrogen pressure. Radial Chromatography was performed using a Chromatron, (Harrison Research, Palo Alto, Calif.) Unless otherwise specified, reagents were used as obtained from commercial sources. Dimethylformamide, 2-propanol, tetrahydrofuran, and dichloromethane used as reaction solvents were the anhydrous grade supplied by Aldrich Chemical Company (Milwaukee, Wis.). Microanalyses were performed by Schwarzkopf Microanalytical Laboratory, Woodside, N.Y. The terms concentrated and coevaporated refer to removal of solvent at water aspirator pressure on a rotary evaporator with a bath temperature of less than 50 C. The abbreviation min and h stand for minutes and hours respectively and rt stands for room temperature. 0693 Reference to the hydrochloride salt in the Example names below includes mono-or di-salts as appropriate in the particular Example.

EXAMPLE 1

BOC Cleavage 0694 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-ylmethoxy) benzylaminopurin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. (5-6-5-Chloro-2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-ylmethoxy)benzylaminopurin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-2-methylcarbamoyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (1.0 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (10 mL). After adding H2O (10 mL) and then methanesulfonic acid (1.5 mL, 15 mmol), the reaction was stirred for 6 h at 70 C. and then 15 h at room temperature. The organic solvent was removed by rotary evaporation and the remaining aqueous solution was neutralized to pH 7 with aqueous 1N NaOH solution. The title compound then precipitated out and was recovered by filtration. 0695 Mp 152.0-155.0 C.; 2230.5 (c0.56, MeOH) 0696 C23H25ClN8O5. MW 528.96. MS 529.1 (MH). 0697 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.57 (s, 1H); 8.45 (quart, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 8.35 (bs, 1H); 8.19 (s, 1H); 7.23 (dd, 1H, J8.5 Hz, J2.4Hz); 7.11 (d, 1H, J8.5 Hz); 7.07 (bs, 1H); 6.48 (s, 1H); 5.99 (d, 1H, J3.7 Hz); 5.87 (d, 1H, J4.2 Hz); 5.29 (s, 2H); 4.62 (bs, 2H); 4.38-4.32 (mult, 1H); 4.08 (d, 1H. J5.6 Hz); 3.58-3.51 (mult, 1H); 2.64 (d, 3H, J4.6 Hz); 2.19 (s, 3H); 1.73 (bs, 2H).

EXAMPLE 2

Acetonide Cleavage 0698 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxytetrahydropyran-2-ylmethoxy)benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methyl amide. 0699 To a solution of 3-amino-5--6-5-chloro-2-(2,2,7,7-tetramethyltetrahydro-bis1,3dioxolo4,5-b;4,5-dpyran-5-ylmethoxy) benzylaminopurin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide (59 mg, 0.09 mmol) in chloroform (7 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (0.7 mL). This reaction was stirred under anhydrous conditions at room temperature for 2 h. After this time period water was added (10 mL) and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 5 days. The solvent was removed with a rotary evaporator and the resulting solid was then triturated with Et2O to afford the title compound as a beige powder 0700 (60 mg). Mp 212.0-218.0 C. C24H30ClN7O9. MW 596.00. MS 596.1 (MH). 0701 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.52-8.36 (mult, 5H); 8.35-8.24 (mult, 1H); 8.13 (s, 1H); 7.25-7.16 (mult, 1H); 7.10-6.90 (mult, 2H); 6.88-6.78 (mult, 1H); 6.21-6.16 (mult, 1H); 5.2-4.4 (mult, 2H); 5.02-4.88 (mult, 2H); 4.71-4.59 (mult, 2H); 4.53 (d, 1H, J5.0 Hz); 4.30 (d, 1H, J6.8 Hz); 4.26-4.20 (mult, 1H); 4.20-4.11 (mult, 1H); 4.10-3.99 (mult, 1H); 3.95-3.88 (mult, 1H); 3.84-3.76 (mult, 1H); 3.62-3.55 (mult, 1H); 3.34-3.25 (mult, 1H); 2.61 (d, 3H, J4.4 Hz).

EXAMPLE 3

Reduction of Azide 0702 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-(2-benzyloxy-5-chloro-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. 0703 (2S,3S,4R,5R)-3-Azido-5-6-(2-benzyloxy-5-chloro-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methyl amide (456 mg, 0.83 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (50 mL) and the reaction cooled to 0 C. After adding triphenylphosphine (304 mg, 1.2 mmol), the reaction was stirred for 30 minutes at 0 C. At the end of this time period, concentrated ammonium hydroxide (0.4 mL) and water (0.5 mL) were added and the reaction was allowed to slowly come to room temperature and stirred at room temperature for 15 h. The solvent was then removed by rotary evaporation and the product was preadsorbed onto silica gel and purified by flash chromatography (SiO2, 5% then 18% methanol/CH2Cl2) to afford the title compound as a colorless solid. 0704 Mp 114.2-115.2 C. 0705 2234-34 (c0.265, MeOH) 0706 C25H26ClN7O4. MW 523.98. MS 524.1 (MH). 0707 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 8.58 (s, 1H); 8.47 (quart, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 8.35 (bs, 1H); 8.22 (s, 1H); 7.48-7.46 (mult, 2H); 7.38-7.33 (mult, 2H); 7.33-7.25 (mult, 1H); 7.25-7.20 (mult, 1H); 7.10-7.05 (mult, 2H); 6.01 (d, 1H, J3.9 Hz); 5.95-5.85 (mult, 1H); 5.17 (s, 2H); 4.85-4.75 (mult, 2H); 4.38-4.34 (mult, 1H); 4.11 (d, 1H, J5.8 Hz); 3.56 (t, 1H, J5.8 Hz); 2.66 (d, 3H, J4.6 Hz); 1.9-1.7 (mult, 2H). 0708 The following compounds, Examples 4-93 were prepared by analogous procedures to the immediately preceding Example 3.

EXAMPLE 4 0709 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. 0710 Mp 99.0-108.0 C. 0711 2229.64 (c0.280, MeOH) 0712 C24H31ClN8O5. MW 547.02. MS 547.2 (MH). 0713 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.57 (s, 1H); 8.45 (quart, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 8.28 (bs, 1H); 8.21 (s, 1H); 7.22 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.4 Hz); 7.05 (bs, 1H); 7.01 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.02 (d, 1H, J3.7 Hz), 6.05-5.80 (mult, 1H); 4.63 (bs, 2H); 4.40-4.30 (mult, 1H); 4.12 (t, 3H. J5.5 Hz); 3.55-3.50 (mult, 5H); 2.70-2.60 (mult, 5H); 2.55-2.45 (mult, 4H); 2.25-1.95 (mult, 2H).

EXAMPLE 5 0714 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-(5-chloro-2-cyclobutylmethoxybenzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. 0715 Mp 107.0-117.0 C. 0716 21.531.28 (c0.390, MeOH) 0717 C23H28ClN7O4. MW 501.98; MS 501.9 (MH). 0718 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.55 (s, 1H); 8.45-8.40 (mult, 1H); 8.25 (bs, 1H); 8.19 (s, 1H); 7.18 (dd, 1H, J8.5 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.05-7.00 (mult, 1H); 6.95 (d, 1H, J8.5 Hz); 5.99 (d, 1H, J3.7 Hz); 5.90-5.80 (mult, 1H); 4.65-4.60 (mult, 2H); 4.35-4.30 (mult, 1H); 4.09 (d, 1H, J5.8 Hz); 3.95 (d, 2H, J6.2 Hz); 3.53 (t, 1H, J5.8 Hz); 2.75-2.65 (mult, 1H); 2.63 (d, 3H, J4.6 Hz); 2.05-1.95 (mult, 2H); 1.90-1.80 (mult; 4H); 1.80-1.70 (mult, 2H).

EXAMPLE 6 0719 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(3-methoxy-benzyloxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0720 Mp 102.0-108.0 C. 0721 21.528.890 (c0.450, MeOH) 0722 C26H28ClN7O5. MW 554.01. MS 553.8 (MH). 0723 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.56 (s, 1H); 8.46 (quart, 1H, J4.4 Hz); 8.35 (bs, 1H); 8.20 (s, 1H); 7.26 (t, 1H, J8.1 Hz); 7.25 (dd, 1H, J8.8 Hz, J2.6 Hz); 7.10-7.05 (mult, 1H); 7.05-7.00 (mult, 3H); 6.84 (d, 1H, J7.3 Hz); 5.99 (d, 1H, J3.7 Hz); 5.95-5.85 (mult, 1H); 5.13 (s, 2H); 4.75-4.65 (mult, 2H); 4.37 -4.30 (mult, 1H); 4.09 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.71 (s, 3H); 3.54 (t, 1H, J4.9 Hz); 2.64 (d, 3H, J4.4 Hz); 1.80-1.75 (mult, 2H).

EXAMPLE 7 0724 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(2,5-dimethoxy-benzyloxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0725 Mp 112.0-115.0 C. 0726 21.530.48 (c0.420, MeOH) 0727 C27H30ClN7O6. MW 584.04. MS 583.8 (MH). 0728 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.59 (s, 1H); 8.50 (quart, 1H, J3.7 Hz); 8.37 (bs, 1H); 8.22 (s, 1H); 7.22 (dd, 1H, J8.9 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.10-7.05 (mult, 1H); 7.05-7.00 (mult, 2H); 6.97 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.86 (dd, 1H, J8.9 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 6.02 (d, 1H, J3.9 Hz); 5.95-5.90 (mult, 1H); 5.10 (s, 2H); 4.75-4.65 (mult, 2H); 4.40-4.35 (mult, 1H); 4.12 (d, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 3.78 (s, 3H); 3.67 (s, 3H); 3.60-3.55 (mult, 1H); 2.67 (d, 3H, J3.7 Hz); 1.85-1.75 (mult, 2H).

EXAMPLE 8 0729 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(3-chloro-benzyloxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0730 C25H25Cl2N7O4. MW 558.43. MS 557.8 (MH). 0731 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.59 (s, 1H); 8.48 (quart, 1H, J4.8 Hz); 8.40 (bs, 1H); 8.24 (s, 1H); 7.55 (s, 1H); 7.50-7.35 (mult, 3H); 7.24 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.17-7.12 (bs, 1H); 7.05 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.02 (d, 1H, J3.9 Hz); 5.95-5.85 (mult, 1H); 5.21 (s, 2H); 4.75-4.65 (mult, 2H); 4.40-4.35 (mult, 1H); 4.12 (d, 1H, J5.8 Hz); 3.57 (t, 1H, J5.8 Hz); 2.67 (d, 3H, J4.8 Hz); 1.85-1.75 (mult, 2H).

EXAMPLE 9 0732 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0733 Mp 88.0-92.0 C. 0734 2419.630 (c0.275, DMSO) 0735 C25H25Cl2N7O4. MW 558.43. MS 558.1 (MH). 0736 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.61 (s, 1H); 8.49 (quart, 1H, J4.4 Hz); 8.39 (bs, 1H); 8.24 (s, 1H); 7.53 (d, 2H, J8.9 Hz); 7.45 (d, 2H J8.9 Hz); 7.23 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J3.6 Hz); 7.09 (bs, 1H); 7.02 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.04 (d, 1H, J63 Hz); 5.95-5.87 (mult, 1H); 5.19 (s, 2H); 4.75-4.68 (mult, 2H); 4.41-4.36 (mult, 1H); 4.13 (d, 1H, J5.1 Hz); 3.58 (t, 1H, J5.1 Hz); 2.68 (d, 3H, J4.4 Hz), 1.91 to 1.77 (mult, 2H).

EXAMPLE 10 0737 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(2-chloro-benzyloxy)-benzylamino-purin-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0738 Mp 88.0-92.0 C. 0739 2416.670 (c0.36, DMSO) 0740 C25H25Cl2N7O4. MW 558.43. MS 558.1 (MH). 0741 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.60 (s, 1H); 8.49 (quart, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 8.36 (bs, 1H); 8.23 (s, 1H); 7.70-7.65 (mult, 1H); 7.55-7.50 (mult, 1H); 7.42-7.36 (mult, 2H); 7.27 (dd, 1H, J8.5 Hz, J2.6 Hz); 7.17-7.09 (mult, 2H); 6.03 (d, 1H, J4.4 Hz); 5.95-5.88 (mult, 1H); 5.24 (s, 2H); 4.79-4.67 (mult, 2H); 4.40-4.36 (mult, 1H); 4.15 (d, 1H, J6.3 Hz); 3.58 (t, 1H, J6.3 Hz); 2.67 (d, 3H, J4.6 Hz); 1.87-1.77 (mult, 2H).

EXAMPLE 11 0742 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(tetrahydrofuran-3-ylmethoxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0743 Mp 114.0-118.0 C. 0744 C23H28ClN7O5. MW 517.98. MS 518.0 (MH). 0745 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.58 (s, 1H); 8.47 (d, 1H, J4.4 Hz); 8.31 (bs, 1H); 8.22 (s, 1H); 7.21 (dd, 1H, J8.5 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.06 (bs, 1H); 6.99 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.01 (d, 1H, J3.9 Hz); 5.89 (bs, 1H); 4.64 (bs, 2H); 4.36 (bs, 1H); 4.11 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 4.00-3.87 (mult, 2H); 3.80-3.70 (mult, 2H); 3.67-3.60 (mult, 1H); 3.59-3.50 (mult, 2H); 2.66 (d, 3H, J4.4 Hz); 2.60 (bs, 1H); 2.04-1.96 (mult, 1H); 1.78 (bs, 2H); 1.74-1.62 (mult, 1H).

EXAMPLE 12 0746 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(4-methyl-benzyloxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0747 Mp 82.0-86.0 C. 0748 C26H28ClN7O4. MW 538.01. MS 538.2 (MH). 0749 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.58 (bs, 1H); 8.48 (quart, 1H, J4.8 Hz); 8.36 (bs, 1H); 8.20 (s, 1H); 7.45 (d, 1H, J7.3 Hz); 7.27-7.15 (mult, 4H); 7.14 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 7.09 (bs, 1H); 6.01 (d, 1H, J3.7 Hz); 5.90 (bs, 1H); 5.15 (s, 2H); 4.68 (bs, 2H); 4.38 (bs, 1H); 4.11 (d, 1H, J5.8 Hz); 3.56 (t, 1H, J5.8 Hz); 2.66 (d, 3H, J4.8 Hz); 2.34 (s, 3H); 1.82 (bs, 2H).

EXAMPLE 13 0750 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(2-methyl-benzyloxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0751 Mp 76.0-80.0 C. 0752 C26H28ClN7O4. MW 538.01. MS 538.2 (MH). 0753 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.59 (s, 1H); 8.48 (quart, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 8.35 (bs, 1H); 8.22 (s, 1H); 7.35 (d, 2H, J8.1 Hz); 7.21-7.15 (mult, 3H); 7.22-7.17 (mult, 2H); 6.01 (d, 1H, J3.9 Hz); 5.88 (bs, 1H); 5.12 (s, 2H); 4.70 (bs, 2H); 4.37 (bs, 1H); 4.11 (d, 1H, J5.8 Hz); 3.56 (t, 1H, J5.8 Hz); 2.66 (d, 3H, J4.6 Hz); 2.28 (s, 3H); 1.79 (bs, 2H).

EXAMPLE 14 0754 (2S,3S4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(3-methyl-benzyloxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0755 Mp 92.0-97.0 C. 0756 C26H28ClN7O4. MW 538.01. MS 538.2 (MH). 0757 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.56 (s, 1H); 8.45 (quart, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 8.32 (bs, 1H); 8.19 (s, 1H); 7.25-7.21 (mult, 3H); 7.21-7.16 (mult, 1H); 7.11-7.00 (mult, 3H); 5.99 (d, 1H, J3.9 Hz); 5.87 (bs, 1H); 5.10 (s, 2H); 4.67 (bs, 2H); 4.34 (bs, 1H); 4.09 (d, 1H, J5.8 Hz); 3.54 (t, 1H, J5.8 Hz); 2.63 (d, 3H, J4.6 Hz); 2.25 (s, 3H); 1.84

EXAMPLE 15 0758 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(2-methoxybenzyloxy)benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0759 Mp 102.0-123.0 C. 0760 2149.39 (c0.225, MeOH) 0761 C26H28ClN7O5. MW 554.01. MS 554.1 (MH). 0762 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.58 (s, 1H); 8.48 (quart, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 8.34 (bs, 1H); 8.21 (s, 1H); 7.44 (dd, 1H, J7.5Hz, J1.5 Hz); 7.30 (td, 1H, J7.5 Hz, J1.5 Hz); 7.22 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.08-7.01 (mult, 3H); 6.94 (t, 1H, J7.5 Hz); 6.02 (d, 1H, J3.9 Hz); 5.91 (bs, 1H); 5.12 (s, 2H); 4.68 (bs, 2H); 4.37 (t, 1H, J4.1 Hz); 4.11 (d, 1H, J5.8 Hz); 3.82 (s, 3H); 3.57 (t, 1H, J5.8 Hz); 2.66 (d, 3H, J4.6 Hz); 1.91 (bs, 2H).

EXAMPLE 16 0763 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(furan-3-ylmethoxy)benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0764 Mp 93.0-97.0 C. 0765 C23H24ClN7O5. MW 513.94. MS 513.8 (MH). 0766 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.59 (s, 1H): 8.48 (quart, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 8.34 (bs, 1H); 8.21 (s, 1H); 7.80 (s, 1H); 7.66 (s, 1H); 7.22 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.5 Hz); 7.10 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 7.06 (bs, 1H); 6.60 (s, 1H); 6.01 (d, 1H, J3.7 Hz); 5.90 (bs, 1H); 5.03 (s, 2H); 4.64 (bs, 2H); 4.36 (bs, 1H); 3.56 (t, 1H, J4.5 Hz); 3.14 (d, 1H, J5.2 Hz); 2.66 (d, 3H, J4.6 Hz); 1.77 (bs, 2H).

EXAMPLE 17 0767 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(4-methoxy-benzyloxy)benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0768 C26H28ClN7O5. MW 554.01. MS 553.8 (MH). 0769 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.55 (s, 1H); 8.44 (quart, 1H, J4.4 Hz); 8.32 (bs, 1H); 8.19 (s, 1H); 7.37 (d, 2H, J8.7 Hz); 7.18 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.11-7.04 (mult, 2H); 6.89 (d, 2H, J8.7 Hz); 6.00 (d, 1H, J3.7 Hz); 6.95 (bs, 1H); 5.06 (s, 2H); 4.62-4.59 (mult, 2H); 4.37 (bs, 1H); 4.11 (d, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 3.70 (s, 3H); 3.60-3.56 (mult, 1H); 2.63 (d, 3H, J4.4 Hz).

EXAMPLE 18 0770 (2S,3S, 4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-(5-chloro-2-cyclopentylmethoxy-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0771 Mp 110.6-116.2 C. 0772 2225.88 (c0.255, MeOH) 0773 C24H30ClN7O4. MW 516.00. MS 515.8 (MH). 0774 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.58 (s, 1H); 8.47 (quart, 1H, J4.2 Hz); 8.29 (bs, 1H); 8.21 (s, 1H); 7.19 (dd, 1H, J8.5 Hz, J2.3 Hz); 7.03 (bs, 1H); 6.97 (d, 1H, J8.5 Hz); 6.01 (d, 1H, J3.1 Hz); 5.91 (bs, 1H); 4.64 (bs, 2H); 4.37 (bs, 1H); 4.11 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.87 (d, 2H, J6. 4 Hz); 3.60-3.55 (mult, 1H); 2.65 (d, 3H, J4.2 Hz); 2.36-2.22 (mult, 1H); 2.22-1.90 (mult, 2H); 1.80-1.70 (mult, 2H); 1.62-1.44 (mult, 4H); 1.39-1.28 (mult, 2H).

EXAMPLE 19 0775 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-(6-5-chloro-2-3-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-benzyloxybenzylamino-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0776 C31H37ClN8O6. MW 653.14. MS 653.0 (MH). 0777 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.57 (s, 1H); 8.45 (quart, 1H, J4.4 Hz); 8.37 (bs, 1H); 8.22 (s, 1H); 7.26 (t, 1H, J8.5Hz); 7.21 (dd, 1H, J8.5 Hz, J2.5 Hz); 7.09 (bs, 1H); 7.06-7.00 (mult, 3H); 6.87 (d, 1H, J8.5 Hz); 6.02 (d, 1H, J3.7 Hz); 5.95 (bs, 1H); 5.14 (s, 2H); 4.70 (bs, 2H); 4.42-4.36 (mult, 1H); 4.14 (d, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 4.06 (t, 2H, J5.4 Hz); 3.62-3.57 (mult, 1H); 3.53 (mult, 4H); 2.67-2.61 (mult, 5H); 2.42-2.38 (mult, 4H).

EXAMPLE 20 0778 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(tetrahydrofuran-3-ylmethoxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0779 Mp 132.0-161.0 C. 0780 60 2116.47 (c0.170, MeOH) 0781 C23H28ClN7O5. MW 517.98. MS 518.1 (MH). 0782 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.53 (s, 1H); 8.42 (quart, 1H, J4.4 Hz); 8.29 (bs, 1H); 8.19 (s, 1H); (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.04 (s, 1H); 6.97 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.11 (bs, 1H), 6.01 (d, 1H, J3.9 Hz); 4.61 (bs, 2H); 4.44-4.40 (mult, 1H); 3.78-3.65 4.15 (d, 1H, J5.0 Hz); 3.99-3.92 (mult, 1H); 3.91-3.85 (mult, 1H); 3.78-3.65 (mult, 2H); 3.64-3.58 (mult, 2H); 3.57-3.50 (mult, 1H); 2.95 (quart, 1H, J7.3 Hz); 2.69-2.58 (mult, 5H); 2.02-1.93 (mult, 1H); 1.70-1.59 (mult, 1H).

EXAMPLE 21 0783 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(tetrahydro-furan-3-ylmethoxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0784 C23H28ClN7O5. MW 517.98. MS 518.0 (MH). 0785 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.54 (s, 1H); 8.47-8.40 (mult, 1H); 8.29 (bs, 1H); 8.19 (s, 1H); 7.18 (dd, 1H, J8.5 Hz, J2.3 Hz); 7.03 (bs, 1H); 6.97 (d, 1H, J8.5 Hz); 5.99 (d, 1H, J3.7 Hz); 5.97 (bs, 1H); 4.61 (bs, 2H); 4.40-4.35 (mult, 1H); 4.11 (d, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 3.98-3.92 (mult, 1H); 3.91-3.83 (mult, 1H); 3.78-3.68 (mult, 2H); 3.62-3.48 (mult, 3H); 2.87-2.82 (mult, 1H); 2.65-2.57 (mult, 5H); 2.02-1.93 (mult, 1H); 1.69-1.59 (mult, 1H).

EXAMPLE 22 0786 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(furan-2-ylmethoxy)benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0787 Mp 187.0-192.0 C. 0788 C23H24ClN7O5. MW 513.95. MS 514.1 (MH). 0789 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.55 (s, 1H); 8.44 (quart, 1H, J4.4 Hz); 8.27 (bs, 1H); 8.20 (s, 1H); 7.67 (d, 1H, J1.9 Hz); 7.21 (dd, 1H, J8.9 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.15 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 7.02 (bs, 1H); 6.57 (d, 1H, J3.3 Hz); 6.44 (dd, 1H, J3.3 Hz, J1.9 Hz); 5.99 (d, 1H, J4.0 Hz); 5.86 (bs, 1H); 5.11 (s, 2H); 4.58 (bs, 2H); 4.39-4.32 (mult, 1H); 4.09 (d, 1H, J5.8 Hz); 3.59-3.53 (mult, 1H); 2.63 (d, 3H, J4.4 Hz); 1.85 (bs, 2H).

EXAMPLE 23 0790 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(2,2,7,7-tetramethyltetrahydro-bis1,3dioxolo4,5-b;4,5-dpyran-5-ylmethoxy)benzylaminopurin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0791 C30H38ClN7O9. MW 676.13. MS 676.1 (MH). 0792 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.55 (s, 1H); 8.47 (quart, 1H, J4.4 Hz); 8.26 (bs, 1H); 8.22 (s, 1H); 7.22 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.3 Hz); 7.06 (bs, 1H); 7.02 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.02 (d, 1H, J3.9 Hz); 5.48 (d, 1H, J4.8 Hz); 4.65 (bs, 2H); 4.60 (dd, 1H, J7.9 Hz, J2.3 Hz); 4.42-4.39 (mult, 1H); 4.39-4.37 (mult, 1H); 4.37-4.28 (mult, 2H); 4.20-4.13 (mult, 2H); 4.09-3.98 (mult, 2H); 3.62 (t, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 2.65 (d, 3H, J4.4 Hz); 1.37 (s, 3H); 1.34 (s, 3H); 1.25 (s, 6H).

EXAMPLE 24 0793 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(2,5-dimethylfuran-3-ylmethoxy)benzylaminopurin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0794 Mp 85.0-88.0 C. 0795 C25H28ClN7O5. MW 542.00. MS 542.1 (MH). 0796 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.58 (s, 1H); 8.48 (quart, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 8.29 (bs, 1H); 8.20 (s, 1H); 7.22 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.3 Hz); 7.07 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 7.05 (bs, 1H); 6.07 (s, 1H); 6.01 (d, 1H, J3.7 Hz); 5.89 (bs, 1H); 4.88 (s, 2H); 4.60 (bs, 2H); 4.36 (bs, 1H); 4.10 (d, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 3.55 (t, 1H, J5.0 Hz); 2.66 (d, 3H, J4.6 Hz); 2.23 (s, 3H); 2.16 (s, 3H); 1.77 (bs, 2H).

EXAMPLE 25 0797 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)benzylaminopurin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0798 Mp 200.0-218.0 C. 0799 C24H25ClN8O4. MW 524.97. MS 525.0 (MH). 0800 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.69 (s, 1H); 8.52 (quart, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 8.45 (s, 1H); 8.45-8.39 (mult, 1H); 8.35 (d, 1H, J5.0 Hz); 8.20 (s, 1H); 7.89 (d, 1H, J7.7 Hz); 7.40 (dd, 1H, J7.7 Hz, J4.8 Hz); 7.24 (dd, 1H, J8.5 Hz, J2.3 Hz); 7.11 (d, 1H, J8.5 Hz); 6.17 (d, 1H, J4.4 Hz); 5.22 (s, 2H); 4.90-4.84 (mult, 1H); 4.76-4.63 (mult, 2H); 4.60-4.56 (mult, 1H); 4.55-4.51 (mult, 1H); 4.18-4.09 (mult, 2H); 2.61 (d, 3H, J4.6 Hz).

EXAMPLE 26 0801 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(5-dimethylaminomethylfuran-2-ylmethoxy)benzylaminopurin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0802 Mp 78.0-81.0 C. 0803 C26H31ClN8O5. MW 571.04. MS 571.1 (MH). 0804 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.35 (s, 1H); 8.25 (s, 1H); 7.24 (bs, 1H); 7.20 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.5 Hz); 7.10 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.43 (d, 1H, J3.1 Hz); 6.26 (d, 1H, J3.1 Hz); 6.06 (d, 1H, J4.2 Hz); 5.08 (s, 2H); 4.73 (bs, 2H); 4.59 (t, 1H, J4.8 Hz); 4.30 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.74 (t, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 3.48 (s, 2H); 2.82 (s, 3H); 2.20 (s, 6H).

EXAMPLE 27 0805 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(thiazol-2-ylmethoxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0806 Mp 208.0-209.0 C. 0807 60 2132.08 (c0.265, MeOH) 0808 C22H23ClN8O4S. MW 531.00. MS 531.0 (MH). 0809 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.57 (s, 1H); 8.45 (quart, 1H, J4.2 Hz); 8.38 (bs, 1H); 8.20 (s, 1H); 7.82 (d, 1H, J3.2 Hz); 7.75 (d, 1H, J3.2 Hz); 7.23 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.3 Hz); 7.13 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 7.07 (s, 1H); 5.99 (d, 1H, J3.5 Hz); 5.90-5.84 (mult, 1H); 5.49 (s, 2H); 4.69 (bs, 2H); 4.34 (bs, 1H); 4.09 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.59-3.50 (mult, 1H); 2.64 (d, 3H, J4.2 Hz); 1.74 (bs, 2H).

EXAMPLE 28 0810 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-2-(benzothiazol-2-ylmethoxy)-5-chlorobenzylaminopurin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0811 Mp 127.0-129.0 C. 0812 C26H25ClN8O4S. MW 581.06. MS 581.0 (MH). 0813 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.58 (s, 1H); 8.51-8.39 (mult, 2H); 8.21 (s, 1H); 8.09 (d, 1H, J8.1 Hz); 8.00 (d, 1H, J8.1 Hz); 7.50 (t, 1H, J8.1 Hz); 7.42 (t, 1H, J8.1 Hz); 7.25 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.5 Hz); 7.16 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 7.09 (bs, 1H); 6.00 (d, 1H, J3.7 Hz); 5.91-5.84 (mult, 1H); 5.65 (s, 2H); 4.78 (bs, 2H); 4.34 (bs, 1H); 4.09 (d, 1H, J5.8 Hz); 3.59-3.50 (mult, 1H); 2.64 (d, 3H, J4.8 Hz); 1.74 (bs, 2H).

EXAMPLE 29 0814 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-2-(benzofuran-2-ylmethoxy)-5-chlorobenzylaminopurin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0815 Mp 127.0-130.0 C. 0816 C27H26ClN7O5. MW 564.01. MS 564.0. (MH). 0817 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.57 (s, 1H); 8.46 (quart, 1H, J4.4 Hz); 8.33 (bs, 1H); 8.16 (s, 1H); 7.61 (d, 1H, J7.5 Hz); 7.56 (d, 1H, J8.3 Hz); 7.32-7.24 (mult, 1H); 7.24-7.19 (mult, 3H); 7.08-7.01 (mult, 2H); 5.99 (d, 1H, J3.5 Hz); 5.87 (d, 1H, J4.8 Hz); 5.33 (s, 2H); 4.63 (mult, 2H); 4.38-4.30 (mult, 1H); 4.08 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.59-3.48 (mult, 1H); 2.63 (d, 3H, J4.4 Hz); 1.73 (bs, 2H).

EXAMPLE 30 0818 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(isothiazol-5-ylmethoxy)benzylaminopurin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0819 Mp 180.0-183.0 C. 0820 C22H23ClN8O4S. MW 531.00. MS 531.1 (MH). 0821 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.59 (s, 1H); 8.53 (d, 1H, J1.5 Hz); 8.47 (quart, 1H, J4.8 Hz); 8.39 (bs, 1H); 8.22 (s, 1H); 7.47 (d, 1H, J1.5 Hz); 7.26 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.15-7.08 (mult, 2H); 6.02 (d, 1H, J3.7 Hz); 5.90 (bs, 1H, J5.59 (s, 2H); 4.69 (bs, 2H); 4.36 (bs, 1H); 4.11 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.56 (t, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 2.66 (d, 3H, J4.8 Hz); 1.79 (bs, 2H).

EXAMPLE 31 0822 (2S,3S, 4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(thiophen-2-ylmethoxy)benzylaminopurin-9-yl4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0823 Mp 135.0-141.0 C. 0824 C23H24ClN7O4S. MW 530.01. MS 530.1 (MH). 0825 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.58 (s, 1H); 8.47 (quart, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 8.35 (bs, 1H); 8.21 (s, 1H); 7.55 (dd, 1H, J5.0 Hz, J1.2 Hz); 7.27-7.19 (mult, 2H); 7.15 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 7.09-7.00 (mult, 2H); 6.07-5.87 (mult, 1H); 6.02 (d, 1H, J3.3 Hz); 5.36 (s, 2H); 4.64 (bs, 2H); 4.41 (bs, 1H); 4.14 (d, 1H, J5.8 Hz); 3.66-3.56 (mult, 1H); 2.65 (d, 3H, J4.6 Hz).

EXAMPLE 32 0826 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(quinolin-2-ylmethoxy)benzylaminopurin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0827 Mp 130.0-134.0 C. 0828 C28H27ClN8O4. MW 575.03. MS 575.1 (MH). 0829 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.57(s, 1H); 8.50-8.36 (mult, 3H); 8.21 (s, 1H); 8.02-7.93 (mult, 2H); 7.78-7.67 (mult, 2H); 7.62-7.53 (mult, 1H); 7.18 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 7.13 (bs, 1H); 7.06 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.00 (d, 1H, J3.7 Hz); 5.88 (d, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 5.42 (s, 2H); 4.78 (bs, 2H); 4.34 (bs, 1H); 4.09 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz), 3.57-3.48 (mult, 1H); 2.64 (d, 3H, J4.6 Hz); 1.73 (bs, 2H).

EXAMPLE 33 0830 (2S,3S, 4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(4-methyl-1,2,3thiadiazol-5-ylmethoxy)benzylaminopurin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0831 Mp 107.0-110.0 C. 0832 C22H24ClN9O4S. MW 546.01. MS 546.1 (MH). 0833 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.60 (s, 1H); 8.48 (bs, 1H); 8.39 (bs, 1H); 8.20 (s, 1H); 7.36-7.23 (mult, 1H); 7.18 (d, 1H, J8.1 Hz); 7.13 (bs, 1H); 6.02 (b, 1H); 5.92 (bs, 1H); 5.60 (s, 2H); 4.66 (bs, 2H); 4.36 (bs, 1H); 4.12 (bs, 1H); 3.57 (bs, 1H); 2.68 (bs, 6H); 1.78 (bs, 2H).

EXAMPLE 34 0834 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(naphthalen-1-ylmethoxy) benzylaminopurin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydro furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0835 Mp 115.0-119.0 C. 0836 C29H28ClN7O4. MW 574.04. MS 574.9 (MH). 0837 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.58 (s, 1H); 8.53-8.45 (mult, 1H); 8.34 (bs, 1H); 8.19 (s, 1H); 8.16 (d, 1H, J7.9 Hz); 7.99-7.86 (mult, 2H); 7.72 (d, 1H, J6.4 Hz); 7.63-7.45 (mult, 3H); 7.35-7.23 (mult, 2H); 7.09 (bs, 1H); 6.01 (bs, 1H); 5.90 (bs, 1H); 5.63 (s, 2H); 4.64 (bs, 2H); 4.36 (bs, 1H); 4.11 (d, 1H, J5.0 Hz); 3.56 (bs, 1H); 2.66 (d, 3H, J4.2 Hz); 1.77 (bs, 2H).

EXAMPLE 35 0838 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-ylmethoxy) benzylaminopurin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0839 C24H27ClN8O5. MW 542.99. MS 543.2 (MH). 0840 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.55 (bs, 1H); 8.44 (bs, 1H); 8.31 (bs, 1H); 8.16 (s, 1H); 7.25 (d, 1H, J8.5 Hz); 7.11 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 7.08 (bs, 1H); 5.98 (bs, 1H); 5.83 (bs, 1H); 4.95 (s, 2H); 4.58 (bs, 2H); 4.37 (bs, 1H); 4.11 (d, 1H, J4.9 Hz); 3.57 (bs, 1H); 2.64 (d, 3H, J3.8 Hz); 2.39 (s, 3H); 2.22 (s, 3H), 1.15 (bs, 2H).

EXAMPLE 36 0841 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(2-oxo-2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C25H31ClN8O5 M.W. 567.00. MS 567 (MH). 0842 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.34 (s, 1H); 8.29 (bs, 1H); 7.3 (bs, 1H); 7.18 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.89 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.07 (d, 1H, J4.1 Hz); 4.91 (s, 2H); 4.82 (bs, 2H); 4.64 (t, 1H, J4.3 Hz); 4.38 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.79 (t, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 3.51 (m, 4H); 2.8 (s, 3H); 1.6 (m, 6H).

EXAMPLE 37 0843 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-(5-chloro-2-phenylcarbamoylmethoxy-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. 0844 C26H27ClN8O5 M.W. 567.00. MS 567 (MH). 0845 1H NMR (400 MHz, D6 DMSO) 8.6 (bs, 1H); 8.5 (bd, 1H, J5.5 Hz); 8.4 (bs, 1H); 7.6 (d, 2H, J8.2 Hz); 7.33 (t, 2H, J8.2 Hz); 7.23 (d, 1H, J8.8 Hz); 7.12 (bs, 1H); 7.03 (t, 1H, J8.2 Hz); 6.96 (d, 1H, J8.8 Hz); 6.0 (d, 1H, J4.0 Hz); 5.9 (bs, 1H); 4.8 (s, 2H); 4.78 (bs, 2H); 4.39 (bs, 1H); 4.1 (d, 1H, J5.5 Hz); 3.59 (m, 1H); 2.62 (d, 3H, J4.0 Hz); 1.94 (bs, 2H).

EXAMPLE 38 0846 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-(5-chloro-2dimethylcarbamoylmethoxy-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. 0847 C22H27ClN8O5 M.W. 518.96. MS 519 (MH). 0848 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.31 (s, 1H); 8.26 (bs, 1H); 7.28 (bs, 1H); 7.17 (dd, 1H, J8.9, 2.5 Hz); 6.83 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.03 (d, 1H, J4.0 Hz); 4.9 (s, 2H); 4.82 (bs, 2H); 4.6 (t, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 4.26 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.7 (t, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.02 (s, 3H); 2.9 (s, 3H); 2.8 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 39 0849 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-2-(benzylcarbamoyl-methoxy)-5-chloro-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. 0850 C27H29ClN8O5 M.W. 581.04. MS 581 (MH). 0851 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.3 (s, 1H); 8.2 (s, 1H); 7.3 d, 1H, J2.5 Hz); 7.19 (dd, 1H, J8.8, 2.6 Hz); 6.9 (d, 1H, J8.8 Hz); 6.02 (d, 1H, J4.1 Hz); 4.82 (bs, 2H); 4.64 (s, 2H); 4.58 (t, 1H, J4.5 Hz); 4.4 (s, 2H); 4.3 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.78 (t, 1H, J4.8 Hz); 2.78 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 40 0852 (2R,3R,4S,5S)(2-9-(4-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylcarbamoyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-9H-purin-6-ylamino-methyl-4-chloro-phenoxy)-acetic acid. C20H22ClN7O6 M.W. 0853 491.90. MS 492 (MH).

EXAMPLE 41 0854 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C25H32ClN9O5 M.W. 574.04. MS 574 (MH). 0855 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.34 (s, 1H); 8.29 (bs, 1H); 7.29 (bs, 1H); 7.19 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.92 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.06 (d, 1H, J4.1 Hz); 4.91 (s, 2H); 4.82 (bs, 2H); 4.59 (t, 1H, J5.3 Hz); 4.30 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.79(t, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.6 (m, 4H); 2.80 (m, 3H); 2.4 (m, 4H); 222 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 42 0856 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-(5-chloro-2-propylcarbamoylmethoxy-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. 0857 C23H29ClN8O5 M.W. 532.99. MS 533 (MH). 0858 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.37 (s, 1H); 8.29 (s, 1H); 7.27 d, 1H, J2.5 Hz); 7.2 (dd, 1H, J8.8, 2.6 Hz); 6.95 (D, 1H, J8.8 Hz); 6.07 (d, 1H, J4.0 Hz); 4.82 (bs, 2H); 4.6 (m, 3H); 4.3 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.8 (t, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.2 (t, 2H, J7.1 Hz); 2.8 (s, 3H); 1.5 (m, 1H); 0.83 (t, 3H, J7.1 Hz).

EXAMPLE 43 0859 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethoxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C24H29ClN8O6 M.W. 561.00. MS 561 (MH). 0860 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.35 (s, 1H); 8.28 (bs, 1H); 7.3 (bs, 1H); 7.2 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.94 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.07 (d, 1H, J4.1 Hz); 4.94 (s, 2H); 4.82 (bs, 2H); 4.63 (t, 1H, J5.3 Hz); 4.35 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.92 (t, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.65 (m, 4H); 3.58 (m, 4H); 2.8 (s, 3H).

Example 44 0861 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(2-oxo-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C24H29ClN8O5 M.W. 545.00. MS 545 (MH). 0862 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.28 (s, 1H); 8.25 (s, 1H); 7.24 (bs, 1H); 7.18 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.89 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.07 (d, 1H, J3.9 Hz); 4.82 (bs, 2H); 4.8 (s, 2H); 4.64 (t, 1H, J5.3 Hz); 4.38 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.92 (t, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.51 (t, 2H, J6.7 Hz); 3.41 (t, 3H, J6.7 Hz); 2.8 (s, 3H); 1.92 (m, 2H); 1.82 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 45 0863 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-(5-chloro-2-dipropylcarbamoylmethoxy-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. 0864 C26H35ClN8O5 M.W. 575.07. MS 575 (MH). 0865 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.32 (s, 1H); 8.27 (bs, 1H); 7.28 (bs, 1H); 7.2 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.86 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.04 (d, 1H, J3.8 Hz); 4.92 (s, 2H); 4.82 (bs, 2H); 4.6 (t, 1H, J5.5 Hz); 4.3 (d, 1 H, J5.6 Hz); 3.8 (t, 1H, JHz); 3.3 (m, 4H); 2.8 (s, 3H); 1.65 (m, 1H); 1.48 (m, 1H); 0.97 (t, 3H, J7.2 Hz); 0.88 (t, 3H, J7.2 Hz).

EXAMPLE 46 0866 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-(6-5-chloro-2-(2-methoxy-ethylcarbamoyl)-methoxy-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl)4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C23H29ClN8O6 M.W. 548.99. MS 549 (MH). 0867 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.37 (s, 1H); 8.3 (s, 1H); 7.3 (d, 1H, J2.5 Hz); 7.2 (dd, 1H, J8.8, 2.5 Hz); 6.95 (d, 1H, J8.8 Hz); 6.07 (d, 1H, J4.0 Hz); 4.82 (bs, 2H); 4.6 (m, 3H); 4.3 (d, 1H, J5.8 Hz); 3.8 (m, 1H); 3.41 (s, 3H); 3.3 (m, 4H); 2.8 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 47 0868 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-(5-chloro-2-methylcarbamoylmethoxy-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. 0869 C21H25ClN8O5 M.W. 504.93. MS 505 (MH). 0870 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.32 (s, 1H); 8.26 (s, 1H); 7.24 (d, 1H, J2.5 Hz); 7.2 (dd, 1H, J8.9, 2.5 Hz); 6.83 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.04 (d, 1H, J3.9 Hz); 4.82 (bs, 2H); 4.6 (t, 1H, J5.5 Hz); 4.58 (s, 2H); 4.3 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.8 (t, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 2.8 (s, 6H).

EXAMPLE 48 0871 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-(5-chloro-2-cyclohexylcarbamoylmethoxy-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C26H33ClN8O5 M.W. 573.05. MS 573 (MH). 1H NMR (400 MHz, D6 DMSO) d 8.6 (s, 1H); 8.43 (m, 1H); 8.4 (bs, 1H); 8.2 (s, 1H); 7.8 (bd, 1H, J9 Hz); 7.2 (d, 1H, J8.8 Hz); 7.1 (bs, 1H); 6.82 (d, 1H, J8.8 Hz); 6.0 (d, 1H, J4.0 Hz); 5.95 (bs, 1H); 4.7 (bs, 2H); 4.52 (s, 2H); 4.4 (m, 1H); 4.1 (d, 1H, J5.7 Hz); 3.6 (m, 2H); 2.62 (d, 3H, J4.2 Hz); 1.65 (m, 4H); 1.5 (m, 1H); 1.2 (m, 5H).

EXAMPLE 49 0872 (2R,3R,4S,5S)4-(2-9-(4-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylcarbamoyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-9H-purin-6-ylamino-methyl-4-chloro-phenoxy)-acetyl-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester. C27H34ClN9O7 M.W. 632.07. MS 632 (MH). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.33 (s, 1H); 8.28 (s, 1H); 7.3 (bs, 1H); 7.2 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.93 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.07 (d, 1H, J3.9 Hz); 4.93 (s, 2H); 4.82 (bs, 2H); 4.6 (t, 1H, J5.5 Hz); 4.3 (d, 1H, J 5.6 Hz); 4.1 (q, 2H, J7.1 Hz); 3.79 (t, 1H, J5.5 Hz); 3.6 (m, 4H); 3.42 (m, 4H); 2.8 (s, 3H); 1.22 (t, 3H, J7.1 Hz).

EXAMPLE 50 0873 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-2-(2-azetidin-1-yl-2-oxo-ethoxy)-5-chloro-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C23H27ClN8O5 M.W. 530.97. MS 531 (MH). 0874 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.33 (s, 1H); 8.27 (s, 1H); 7.3 (s, 1H); 7.2 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.85 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.07 (d, 1H, J4.1 Hz); 4.82 (bs, 2H); 4.63 (s, 2H); 4.61 (t, 1H, J5.3 Hz); 4.37 (m, 3H); 4.02 (m, 2H); 3.82 (t, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 2.8 (s, 3H); 2.3 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 51 0875 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-(6-5-chloro-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethylcarbamoyl-methoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C26H34ClN9O6 M.W. 604.07. MS 604 (MH). 0876 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.36 (s, 1H); 8.29 (s, 1H); 7.3 (s, 1H); 7.2 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.93 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.08 (d, 1H, J3.7 Hz); 4.84 (bs, 2H); 4.63 (t, 1H, J5.5 Hz); 4.6 (s, 2H); 4.38 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.9 (t, 1H, J5.3 Hz); 3.55 (m, 4H); 3.4 (t, 2H, J6.4 Hz); 2.8 (s, 3H); 2.42 (t, 2H, J6.4 Hz); 2.4 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 52 0877 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-oxo-2-(4-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)-ethoxyl-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C30H34ClN9O5 M.W. 636.12. MS 636 (MH). 0878 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.32 (s, 1H); 8.26 (s, 1H); 7.3 (s, 1H); 7.2 (m, 3H); 6.9 (m, 4H); 6.07 (d, 1H, J3.9 Hz); 4.92 (s, 2H); 4.82 (bs, 2H); 4.59 (t, 1H, J5.3 Hz); 4.3 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.72(m, 5H); 3.11 (m, 4H); 2.8 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 53 0879 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-(4-cyclohexyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C30H40ClN9O5 M.W. 642.16. MS 642 (MH). 0880 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.33 (s, 1H); 8.29 (s, 1H); 7.3 (s, 1H); 7.2 (dd, 1H, J8.8, 2.6 Hz); 6.93 (d, 1H, J8.8 Hz); 6.08 (d, 1H, J3.8 Hz); 4.93 (s, 2H); 4.82 (bs, 2H); 4.63 (t, 1H, J5.5 Hz); 4.38 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.83(m, 1H); 3.6 (m, 4H); 2.8 (s, 3H); 2.6 (m, 4H); 2.32 (m, 1H); 1.8-1.2 (m, 10H).

EXAMPLE 54 0881 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-(4-ethyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxyl-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C26H34ClN9O5 M.W. 588.07. MS 588 (MH). 0882 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.32 (s, 1H); 8.28 (s, 1H); 7.3 (bs, 1H); 7.2 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.93 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.07 (d, 1H, J3.9 Hz); 4.93 (s, 2H); 4.82 (s, 2H); 4.64 (t, 1H, J5.3 Hz); 4.38 (d, 1H, J6.4 Hz); 3.9 (t, 1H, J5.5 Hz); 3.6 (bs, 4H); 2.8 (s, 3H); 2.45 (m, 6H); 1.05 (t, 3H, J7.3 Hz).

EXAMPLE 55 0883 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-(5-chloro-2-cyclopropylcarbamoylmethoxy-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C23H27ClN8O5 M.W. 530.98. MS 531 (MH). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.37 (s, 1H); 8.31 (s, 1H); 7.3 (bs, 1H); 7.2 (dd, 1H, J8.6, 2.6 Hz); 6.85 (d, 1H, J8.6 Hz); 6.07 (d, 1H, J3.9 Hz); 4.82 (bs, 2H); 4.58 (m, 3H); 4.3 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.75 (t, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 2.8 (s, 3H); 2.63 (m, 1H); 0.7 (m, 2H); 0.5 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 56 0884 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-(2-carbamoylmethoxy-5-chloro-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C20H23ClN8O5 M.W. 490.91. MS 491 (MH). 0885 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.37 (s, 1H); 8.31 (s, 1H); 7.36 (d, 1H, 2.65 Hz); 7.25 (dd, 1H, J8.6, 2.6 Hz); 6.96 (d, 1H, J8.6 Hz); 6.09 (d, 1H, J4.28 Hz); 4.88 (s, 2H); 4.62 (m, 3H); 4.33 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.77 (t, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 2.84 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 57 0886 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-(4-cyclopropyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C27H34ClN9O5 M.W. 600.08. MS 600 (MH). 0887 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.32 (s, 1H); 8.28 (s, 1H); 7.3 (bs, 1H); 7.2 (dd, 1H, J8.8, 2.8 Hz); 6.93 (d, 1H, J8.8 Hz); 6.07 (d, 1H, J4.06 Hz); 4.89 (s, 2H); 4.83 (bs, 2H); 4.64 (t, 1H, J4.9 Hz); 4.35 (d,1H, J5.8 Hz); 3.86 (t, 1H, J5.7 Hz); 3.53 (m, 4H); 2.80 (s, 3H); 2.60 (m, 4H); 1.63 (m, 1H); 0.47 (m, 2H); 0.42 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 58 0888 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-(4-isopropyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C27H36ClN9O5 M.W. 602.1. MS 602 (MH). 0889 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.28 (s, 1H); 8.27 (s, 1H); 7.29 (bs, 1H); 7.2 (dd, 1H, J8.8, 2.6 Hz); 6.9 (d, 1H, J8.8 Hz); 6.11 (d, 1H, J3.2 Hz); 4.93 (s, 2H); 4.9 (m, 1H); 4.82 (s, 2H); 4.53 (d, 1H, J6.2 Hz); 4.28 (t, 1H, J5.5 Hz); 3.74 (bs, 4H); 3.04 (m, 1H); 2.84 (m, 4H); 2.75 (s, 3H); 1.66 (d, 6H, J6.4 Hz).

EXAMPLE 59 0890 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-oxo-2-(4-propyl-piperazin-1-yl)-ethoxyl-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C27H36ClN9O5 M.W. 602.1. MS 602 (MH). 0891 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.26 (s, 2H); 7.28 (bs, 1H); 7.2 (dd, 1H, J8.4, 2.2 Hz); 6.93 (d, 1H, J8.4 Hz); 6.1 (d, 1H, J3.2 Hz); 4.92 (s, 2H); 4.9 (m, 1H); 4.82 (s, 2H); 4.54 (d, 1H, J6.4 Hz); 4.33 (t, 1H, J6.19 Hz); 3.66 (bs, 4H); 2.74 (s, 3H); 2.66 (m, 4H); 2.49 (t, 2H, J7.9 Hz); 1.57 (m, 2H); 0.93 (t, 3H, J7.2 Hz).

EXAMPLE 60 0892 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-(4-cyclopentyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C29H38ClN9O5 M.W. 628.14. MS 628 (MH). 0893 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.31 (s, 1H); 8.28 (s, 1H); 7.3 (s,1H); 7.2 (dd, 1H, J8.6, 2.6 Hz); 6.93 (d, 1H, J8.6 Hz); 6.08 (d, 1H, J3.8 Hz); 4.89 (s, 2H); 4.82 (s, 2H); 4.70 (t, 1H, J4.8 Hz); 4.4 (d, 1H, J5.9 Hz); 3.98(t, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.6 (m, 4H); 2.78 (s, 3H); 2.55 (m, 4H); 1.9-1.2 (m, 9H).

EXAMPLE 61 0894 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-(6-2-2-(4-benzyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy-5-chloro-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C31H36ClN9O5 M.W. 650.1. MS 650 (MH). 0895 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.30 (s, 1H); 8.27 (s, 1H); 7.27 (m, 7H); 6.90 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.06 (d, 1H, J4.1 Hz); 4.85 (s, 2H); 4.81 (s, 2H); 4.61 (t, 1H, J4.5 Hz); 4.32 (d, 1H, J5.7 Hz); 3.79(t, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.56 (m, 4H); 3.5(s, 2H); 2.79 (s, 3H); 2.43 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 62 0896 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-oxo-2-(3-oxo-piperazin-1-yl)-ethoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C24H28ClN9O6 M.W. 574.00. MS 574 (MH). 0897 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.32 (s, 1H); 8.27 (s, 1H); 7.30 (s, 1H); 7.2 (m, 1H); 6.94 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.06 (d, 1H, J3.9 Hz); 4.93 (s, 2H); 4.82 (bs, 2H); 4.62 (t, 1H, J4.5 Hz); 4.33 (d, 1H, J5.7 Hz); 4.13(s, 1H); 3.80 (m 1H); 3.8 (t, 1H, J4.5 Hz); 3.76 (bs, 2H); 3.38 (m, 1H); 3.30 (m, 1H); 2.80 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 63 0898 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(2-oxo-2-piperazin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C24H30ClN9O5 M.W. 560.01. MS 560 (MH). 0899 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.34 (s, 1H); 8.28 (s, 1H); 7.29 (s, 1H); 7.19 (dd, 1H, J8.6, 2.6 Hz); 6.92 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.06 (d, 1H, J4.3 Hz); 4.89 (s, 2H); 4.82 (s, 2H); 4.59 (dd, 1H, J5.0, 4.5 Hz); 4.30 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.74(d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.54 (m, 4H); 2.80 (m, 7H).

EXAMPLE 64 0900 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-(4-ethyl-3-oxo-piperazin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C26H32ClN9O6 M.W. 602.1. MS 602 (MH). 0901 1H NMR (400 MHz. CD3OD) 8.33 (s, 1H); 8.28 (s, 1H); 7.30 (m, 1H); 7.2 (t, 1H, J6.2 Hz); 6.94 (dd, 1H, J8.7, 3.9 Hz); 6.06 (d, 1H, J4.1 Hz); 4.92 (s, 2H); 4.83 (m, 2H); 4.61 (t, 1H, J4.2 Hz); 4.32 (d, 1H, J5.7 Hz); 4.22 (s, 1H); 4.13 (s, 1H); 3.8 (m, 3H); 3.46 (m, 4H); 2.81 (s, 3H); 1.12 (q, 3H, J7.3).

EXAMPLE 65 0902 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-(5-chloro-2-2-4-(2-chloro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl-2-oxo-ethoxy-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C30H33ClN9O5 M.W. 670.55. MS 670 (MH). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.29 (s, 1H); 8.23 (s, 1H); 7.33 (m, 2H); 7.2 (m, 2H); 6.97 (m, 3H); 6.03 (d, 1H, J4.2 Hz); 4.92 (s, 2H); 4.83 (s, 2H); 4.56 (t, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 4.28 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.73(m, 5H); 2.98 (m, 4H); 2.77 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 66 0903 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(phenethylcarbamoyl-methoxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C28H31ClN8O5 M.W. 595.06. MS 595 (MH). 0904 1H NMR (400 MHz. CD3OD) 8.37 (s,1H); 8.27 (s, 1H); 7.3 (d, 1H, J2.5 Hz); 7.2-7.02 (m, 6H); 6.83 (d, 1H, J8.8 Hz); 6.06 (d, 1H, J4.3 Hz); 4.76 (s, 2H); 4.57 (m, 3H); 4.3 (d, 1H, J5.7 Hz); 3.74 (t, 1H, 5.6 Hz); 3.5 (t, 4H, 7 Hz); 2.80 (s, 3H); 2.76 (t, 1H, J7 Hz).

EXAMPLE 67 0905 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-(5-chloro-2-phenethyloxy-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C26H28ClN7O4. M.W.538.01. M.S. 538 (MH). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.35 (s, 1H); 8.27 (s, 1H); 7.3-7.05 (m, 7H); 6.92 (d, 1H, J8.5 Hz); 6.05 (d, 1H, J4.2 Hz); 5.45 (s, 2H); 4.65 (bs, 2H); 4.59 (m, 1H); 4.25 (d, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 4.2 (dd, 2H, J6.5, 6.0 Hz); 3.74 (m, 1H); 3.02 (dd, 2H, J6.5, 6.0 Hz); 2.8 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 68 0906 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-(3,5-dimethyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C26H34ClN9O5 M.W. 588.1. MS 588 (MH). 0907 1H NMR (400 MHz. CD3OD) 8.34 (s, 1H); 8.28 (s, 1H); 7.28 (s, 1H); 7.18 (dd, 1H, J8.7, 2.6 Hz); 6.92 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.06 (d, 1H, J4.1 Hz); 4.81 (m, 2H); 4.60 (t, 1H, J4.8 Hz); 4.4 (d, 1H, J12 Hz); 4.31 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.83 (d, 1H, 12.9 Hz); 3.76 (m, 1H); 3.13 (m, 1H); 2.81 (s, 3H); 2.72 (m, 2H); 2.51 (s, 1H); 2.27 (t, 1H, J12 Hz); 1.27 (s, 1H); 1.09 (d, 6H, J6.4 Hz).

EXAMPLE 69 0908 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-(4-dimethylamino-piperidin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C27H36ClN9O5 M.W. 602.09. MS 602 (MH). 1H NMR (400 MHz. CD3OD) 8.32 (s, 1H); 8.26 (s, 1H); 7.28 (s, 1H); 7.16 (dd, 1H, J8.7, 2.4 Hz); 6.90 (dd, 1H, J8.7, 2.4 Hz); 6.06 (d,1H, J4.0 Hz); 4.81 (s, 2H); 4.58 (t, 1H, J4.8 Hz); 4.55 (d, 1H, J12.0 Hz); 4.28 (d, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 4.0 (d, 1H, J-13 Hz); 3.72 (s, 1H); 3.05 (t, 1H, J5.7 Hz); 2.79 (s, 3H); 2.62 (t, 1H, J13 Hz); 2.39 (m, 1H); 2.21 (s, 6H); 1.87 (s, 2H); 1.4-1.25 (m, 4H).

EXAMPLE 70 0909 (2S,3S,4R,5R)5-(6-2-2-(4-Adamantan-2-yl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy-5-chloro-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-3-amino-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C34H44ClN9O5 M.W. 694.24. MS 694 (MH). 0910 1H NMR (400 MHz. CD3OD) 8.35 (s, 1H); 8.29 (s, 1H); 7.31 (d, 1H, J2.1 Hz); 7.2 (dd, 1H, J8.7, 2.6 Hz); 6.93 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.06 (d, 1H, J4.3 Hz); 4.83 (m, 2H); 4.58 (t, 1H, J4.8 Hz); 4.3 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.74 (t, 1H, 5.48 Hz); 3.59 (t, 4H, 4.87 Hz); 2.82 (s, 3H); 2.4 (s, 4H), 2.1-1.27 (m, 17H).

EXAMPLE 71 0911 (2R,3R,4S,5S)1-(2-9-(4-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylcarbamoyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-9H-purin-6-ylamino-methyl-4-chloro-phenoxy)-acetyl-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid amide. C26H32ClN9O6 M.W. 602.05. MS 602 (MH). 1H NMR (400 MHz. CD3OD) 8.33 (s, 1H); 8.29 (s, 1H); 7.29 (s, 1H); 7.18 (dd, 1H, J8.7, 2.6 Hz); 6.93 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.06 (d, 1H, J4.3 Hz); 4.90 (s, 3H); 4.61 (t, 1H, J4.3 Hz); 4.4 (d, 1H); 4.3 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 4.05 (d, 1H); 3.76 (t, 1H); 3.28 (m, 1H); 2.81 (s, 3H); 2.75 (m, 1H); 2.5 (m, 1H); 1.83 (d, 2H); 1.63 (m, 3H).

EXAMPLE 72 0912 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-(4-cycloheptyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C31 H42 Cl N9 O5 M.W. 656.19. CIMS 656.1 (MH). 1H NMR (400 MHz. CD3OD) 8.31 (s, 1H); 8.29 (s, 1H); 7.31 (s, 1H); 7.20 (dd, 1H, J8.71, 2.69 Hz); 6.94 (d, 1H, J8.71 Hz); 6.08 (d, 1H, J3.74 Hz); 4.90 (s, 2H); 4.82 (s, 2H); 4.72 (t, 1H J4.56 Hz); 4.42 (d, 1H, J6.02 Hz); 4.03 (t, 1 H, J4.56 Hz); 3.62 (s, 4H); 2.78 (s, 3H); 2.66 (s, 5H); 1.81-1.38 (m, 12H)

EXAMPLE 73 0913 (2S,3S,4R,5R)5-6-2-(Adamantan-2-ylcarbamoylmethoxy)-5-chloro-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-3-amino-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. 0914 C30H37Cl N8O5 M.W. 625.13. CIMS 625.0 (M1). 1H NMR (400 MHz. CD3OD) 8.36 (s, 1H); 8.28 (s, 1H); 7.34 (d, 1H, J2.49 Hz); 7.24 (dd, 1H, J8.72, 2.49 Hz); 6.94 (d, 1H, J8.93 Hz); 6.06 (d, 1H, J4.15); 4.83 (s, 2H); 4.64 (s 2H); 4.58 (t, 1H, J4.77 Hz), 4.30 (d, 1H, J5.61 Hz); 4.01 (s, 1H); 3.74 (t, 1H, 5.61 Hz); 2.81 (s, 3H); 1.81-1.43 (m, 14H).

EXAMPLE 74 0915 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(1-phenyl-ethoxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C26H28ClN7O4. M.W.538.01. M.S. 538 (MH). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD30D) 8.37 (s, 1H); 8.25 (s, 1H); 7.42-7.08 (m, 6H); 7.0 (d, 1H, J8.5 Hz); 6.74 (d, 1H, J8.5 Hz); 6.05 (d, 1H, J4.2 Hz); 5.4 (q, 1H, J6.8 Hz); 4.82 (bs, 2H); 4.59 (m, 1H); 4.3 (d, 1H, J5.5 Hz); 3.73 (m, 1H); 2.8 (s, 3H); 1.58 (bs, 3H).

EXAMPLE 75 0916 (2R,3R,4S,5S)4-(2-9-(4-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylcarbamoyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-9H-purin-6-ylamino-methyl-4-chloro-phenoxy)-acetyl-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester. C29H38ClN9O7 M.W. 660.13. MS 660 (MH). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.33 (s, 1H); 8.28 (bs, 1H); 7.3 (bs, 1H); 7.2 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.93 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.07 (d, 1H, J3.9 Hz); 4.91 (s, 2H); 4.82 (bs, 2H); 4.6 (t, 1H, J4.5 Hz); 4.3 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.81 (t, 1H, J5.0 Hz); 3.6 (m, 4H); 3.42 (m, 4H); 2.8 (s, 3H); 1.42 (s, 9H).

EXAMPLE 76 0917 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-(5-chloro-2-cyanomethoxy-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C20H21 ClN8O4 M.W.472.89. MS 473 (MH). 0918 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.36 (s, 1H); 8.29 (s, 1H); 7.32 (bs, 1H); 7.28 (dd, 1H, J8.9, 2.5 Hz); 7.08 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.07 (d, 1H, J4.1 Hz); 5.05 (s, 2H); 4.8 (bs, 2H); 4.6 (t, 1H, J4.9 Hz); 4.3 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.78 (t, 1H, J5.5 Hz); 2.8 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 77 0919 (2R,3R,4S,5S)(2-9-(4-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylcarbamoyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl-9H-purin-6-ylamino-methyl-4-chloro-phenoxy)-acetic acid methyl ester. C21H38ClN7O6 M.W.505.92. MS 506 (MH). 0920 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.35 (s, 1H); 8.29 (s, 1H); 7.3 (bs, 1H); 7.2 (dd, 1H, J8.9, 2.5 Hz); 6.9 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.04 (d,1H, J4.0 Hz); 4.8 (m, 4H); 4.6 (t, 1H, J4.5 Hz); 4.3 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.78 (m, 4H); 2.8 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 78 0921 (2R,3R,4S,5S)(2-9-(4-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylcarbamoyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl-9H-purin-6-ylamino-methyl-4-chloro-phenoxy)-acetic acid ethyl ester. 0922 C22H26ClN7O6 M.W.519.95. MS 520 (MH). 0923 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.35 (s, 1H); 8.29 (s, 1H); 7.3 (bs, 1H); 7.2 (dd, 1H, J8.9, 2.5 Hz); 6.9 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.04 (d, 1H, J4.0 Hz); 4.82 (s, 2H); 4.8 (s, 2H); 4.6 (t, 1H, J4.5 Hz); 4.3 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 4.21 (q, 2H, J7.1 Hz); 3.78 (t, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 2.8 (s, 3H); 1.22 (t, 3H, J7.1 Hz).

EXAMPLE 79 0924 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethoxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C22H26ClN9O4 M.W.515.96. MS 516 (MH). 0925 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.4 (s, 1H); 8.3 (s, 1H); 7.32 (bs, 1H); 7.2 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.97 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.05 (d, 1H, J3.8 Hz); 4.84 (m, 4H); 4.6 (t, 1H, J4.5 Hz); 4.3 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.75 (t, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 3.62 (m, 4H); 2.8 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 80 0926 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-1-(2-benzyloxy-5-chloro-phenyl)-ethylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C26H28ClN7O4. 0927 M.W.538.01. M.S. 538 (MH). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.39 (bs, 1H); 8.2 (d, 1H, J4.5 Hz); 7.5-7.22 (m, 5H); 7.18 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 7.0 (d, 2H, J8.6 Hz); 6.05 (d, 1H, J3.9 Hz); 5.79 (bs, 1H); 5.18 (s, 2H); 4.6 (t, 1H, J4.5 Hz); 4.3 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.7 (m, 1H); 2.8 (s, 3H); 1.6 (d, 3H, J6.8 Hz).

EXAMPLE 81 0928 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-(2-benzyloxy-5-chloro-benzylamino)-2-chloro-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C25H25Cl2N7O4. 0929 M.W.558.43. M.S. 558 (MH). 1 H NMR (400 MHz, D6DMSO) 8.82 (m, 1H); 8.6 (bs, 1H); 8.2 (bs, 1H); 7.43-7.02 (m, 7H); 5.95 (bs, 2H); 4.62 (bs, 2H); 4.3 (bs, 1H); 4.1 (m, 2H); 3.52 (m, 1H); 3.1 (d, 3H, J5.0 Hz); 2.42 (bs, 2H); 1.75 (bs, 2H).

EXAMPLE 82 0930 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-(2-benzylsulfanyl-5-chloro-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C25H26ClN7O4S. M.W.540.05. M.S. 540 (MH). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.35 (s, 1H); 8.27 (s, 1H); 7.4-7.1 (m, 8H); 6.07 (d, 1H, J3.9 Hz); 4.8 (bs, 2H); 4.61 (m, 1H); 4.35 (d, 1H, J5.8 Hz); 4.08 (s, 2H); 3.82 (m, 1H); 2.8 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 83 0931 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-(2-benzyloxy-5-bromo-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C25H26BrN7O4. M.W.568.43. M.S. 568 (MH). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.35 (s, 1H); 8.25 (s, 1H); 7.42-7.23 (m, 7H); 6.97 (d, 1H, J9.3 Hz); 6.06 (d, 1H, J4.1 Hz); 5.13 (s, 2H); 4.8 (bs, 2H); 4.6 (m, 1H); 4.3 (d, 1H, J5.5 Hz); 3.79 (m, 1H); 2.8 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 84 0932 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-(2-benzyloxy-5-fluoro-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C25H26FN7O4. M.W.507.53. M.S. 508 (MH). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.32 (s, 1H); 8.26 (s, 1H); 7.42-7.22 (m, 4H); 7.1-6.9 (m, 4H); 6.06 (d, 1H, J4.2 Hz); 5.13 (s, 2H); 4.8 (bs, 2H); 4.5 (m, 1H); 4.3 (d, 1H, J5.5 Hz); 3.79 (m, 1H); 2.8 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 85 0933 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-(2-benzyloxy-5-iodo-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C25H26IN7O4. M.W.615.43. M.S. 490 (MI). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.32 (s, 1H); 8.21 (s, 1H); 7.42-7.18 (m, 5H); 7.02-6.82 (m, 3H); 6.05 (d, 1H, J4.2 Hz); 5.1 (d, 2H, J4.9 Hz); 4.83 (bs, 2H); 4.55 (m, 1H); 4.29 (d,1H, J5.5 Hz); 3.7 (m, 1H 2.8 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 86 0934 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-(2-benzyloxy-5-trifluoromethyl-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C26H26F3N7O4. 0935 M.W.557.54. M.S. 558 (MH). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.36 (s, 1H); 8.24 (s, 1H); 7.6-7.18 (m, 8H); 6.06 (d, 1H, J4.1 Hz); 5.21 (s, 2H); 4.83 (bs, 2H); 4.6 (m, 1H); 4.3 (d, 1H, J5.7 Hz); 3.75 (m, 1H); 2.8 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 87 0936 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-(2-benzyloxy-5-cyano-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C26H26N8O4. M.W.514.55. M.S. 515 (MH). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.36 (s, 1H); 8.24 (s, 1H); 7.63-7.2 (m, 8H); 6.06 (d, 1H, J4.1 Hz); 5.24 (s, 2H); 4.83 (bs, 2H); 4.6 (m, 1H); 4.32 (d, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 3.76 (m, 1H); 2.8 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 88 0937 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-(2-benzyloxy-5-methyl-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C26H29N7O4. M.W.503.56. M.S. 504 (MH). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.31 (s, 1H); 8.22 (s, 1H); 7.4-6.9 (m, 8H); 6.03 (d, 1H, J4.3 Hz); 5.04 (s, 2H); 4.8 (bs, 2H); 4.58 (m, 1H); 4.3 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 3.7 (m, 1H); 2.8 (s, 3H); 2.2 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 89 0938 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-(2-benzyloxy-5-vinyl-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C27H29N7O4. M.W.515.57. M.S. 516 (MH). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.33 (s, 1H); 8.22 (s, 1H); 7.42-7.2 (m, 7H); 6.98 (d, 1H, J8.5 Hz); 6.6 (dd, 1H, J8.2, 6.0 Hz); 6.03 (d, 1H, J4.2 Hz); 5.58 (d, 1H, J8.2 Hz); 5.1 (s, 2H); 4.8 (bs, 2H); 4.58 (m, 1H); 4.26 (d, 1H, J5.5 Hz); 3.72 (m, 1H); 2.8 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 90 0939 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-(2-benzyloxy-5-ethynyl-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C27H27N7O4. M.W.513.56. M.S. 514 (MH). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.36 (s, 1H); 8.26 (s, 1H); 7.7-7.23 (m, 7H); 7.0 (d, 1H, J8.5 Hz); 6.06 (d, 1H, J4.2 Hz); 5.18 (s, 2H); 4.8 (bs, 2H); 4.6 (m, 1H); 4.3 (d, 1H, J5.5 Hz); 3.75 (m, 1H); 3.3 (s, 1H); 2.8 (s, 3H).

EXAMPLE 91 0940 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-6-5-chloro-2-(2-oxo-2-(4-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C30H40ClN9O5 M.W. 642.18. MS 642 (MH). 0941 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.4 (s, 1H); 8.32 (bs, 1H); 7.35 (bs, 1H); 7.22 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.96 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.07 (d, 1H, J4.1 Hz); 4.91 (s, 2H); 4.82 (bs, 2H); 4.6 (m, 2H); 4.33 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 4.2 (bd, 1H, J10.5 Hz); 3.79 (t, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 3.18 (m, 1H); 2.82 (s, 3H);. 2.6 (m, 6H); 1.9 (m, 2H); 1.65-1.3 (m, 8H).

EXAMPLE 92 0942 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-(4-methylamino-piperidin-1-yl-)-2-oxo-ethoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C26H34ClN9O5 M.W. 588.07. MS 588 (MH). 1H NMR (400 MHz. CD3OD) 8.39 (s, 1H); 8.33 (s, 1H); 7.35 (s, 1H); 7.22 (dd, 1H, J8.7, 2.4 Hz); 6.94 (dd, 1H, J8.7, 2.4 Hz); 6.06 (d, 1H, J4.0 Hz); 4.95 (s, 2H); 4.81 (s, 2H); 4.62 (t, 1H, J4.8 Hz); 4.5 (bd, 1H, J12.0 Hz); 4.36 (d, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 4.02 (bd, 1H, J13 Hz); 3.79 (t, 1H, J5.7 Hz); 3.2 (m, 1H); 2.82 (s, 3H); 2.79 (t, 1H, J13 Hz); 2.62 (m, 1H); 2.4 (s, 3H); 1.97 (m, 2H); 1.4-1.15 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 93 0943 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Amino-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-(4-amino-piperidin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide. C25H32ClN9O5 M.W. 574.04. MS 574 (MH). 0944 1H NMR (400 MHz. CD3OD) 8.37 (s, 1H); 8.28 (s, 1H); 7.3 (s, 1H); 7.2 (dd, 1H, J8.7, 2.4 Hz); 6.92 (dd, 1H, J8.7, 2.4 Hz); 6.06 (d, 1H, J4.0 Hz); 4.95 (s, 2H); 4.81 (s, 2H); 4.6 (t, 1H, J4.8 Hz); 4.4 (bd, 1H, J12.0 Hz); 4.3 (d, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 3.95 (bd, 1H, J13 Hz); 3.75 (t, 1H, J5.7 Hz); 3.1 (m, 1H); 2.8 (s, 3H); 2.79 (m, 2H); 2.62 (m, 1H); 1.82 (m, 2H); 1.4-1.15 (m, 2H).

Preparation A1

BOC Cleavage 0945 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(2-oxo-2-piperazin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide To trifluoroacetic acid (30 mL) was added to (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(2-oxo-2-(4-tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-piperazin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide (3 g, 4.5 mmol) at ambient temperature. After 1 hour, the mixture was concentrated, and the residue reconcentrated from chloroform three times. The crude product was dissolved in methanol (80 mL) and dichloromethane (100 mL) and neutralized with Amberlite IR 400 (OH) resin. The mixture was filtered and concentrated and the residue was purified by passing through a plug of silica gel (7.5-10% 0946 methanol/dichloromethane/0.1% NH4OH) to afford 2.24 g of the title compound as a colorless solid. 0947 In an analogous manner the following compounds, preparations A2-A3, were prepared from the appropriate protected amine using analogous procedures to Preparation A1.

Preparation A2 0948 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-(4-amino-piperidin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide.

Preparation A3 0949 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-(4-methylamino-piperidin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide.

Preparation B1

Amide Coupling 0950 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-oxo-2-(3-oxo-piperazin-1-yl)-ethoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 0951 EDCl (44 mg, 0.23 mmol), HOBT (30 mg, 0.22 mmol) and DMAP (40 mg) were added to a mixture of (2R,3R,4S,5S)(2-9-(4-Azido-3-hydroxy-5-methylcarbamoyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-9H-purin-6-ylamino-methyl-4-chloro-phenoxy)-acetic acid (60 mg, 0.116 mmol) and piperizin-2-one (35 mg, 0.35 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (3 mL). After 20 hours at room temperature, the mixture was concentrated, pre-adsorbed onto silica gel and purified by flash chromatography (6-8% methanol/dichloromethane) to afford the title compound as a colorless solid. MS: 600 (MH). 0952 In an analogous manner the following compounds, preparations B2-B38, were prepared from the appropriate amine using analogous procedures to the Preparation B1.

Preparation B2 0953 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(2-oxo-2-piperidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide.

Preparation B3 0954 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-(5-chloro-2-phenylcarbamoylmethoxy-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide.

Preparation B4 0955 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-(5-chloro-2-dimethylcarbamoylmethoxy-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation B5 0956 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-2-(benzylcarbamoyl-methoxy)-5-chloro-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide.

Preparation B6 0957 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide.

Preparation B7 0958 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-(5-chloro-2-propylcarbamoylmethoxy-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide.

Preparation B8 0959 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethoxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide.

Preparation B9 0960 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(2-oxo-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation B10 0961 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-(5-chloro-2-dipropylcarbamoylmethoxy-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation B11 0962 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-(6-5-chloro-2-(2-methoxy-ethylcarbamoyl)-methoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide.

Preparation B12 0963 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-(5-chloro-2-methylcarbamoylmethoxy-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide.

Preparation B13 0964 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-(5-chloro-2-cyclohexylcarbamoylmethoxy-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation B14 0965 (2R,3R,4S,5S)4-(2-9-(4-Azido-3-hydroxy-5-methylcarbamoyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-9H-purin-6-ylamino-methyl-4-chloro-phenoxy)-acetyl-piperazine-1-carboxylic acid ethyl ester

Preparation B15 0966 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-2-(2-azetidin-1-yl-2-oxo-ethoxy)-5-chloro-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation B16 0967 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-(6-5-chloro-2-(2-morpholin4-yl-ethylcarbamoyl)-methoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation B17 0968 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-oxo-2-(4-phenyl-piperazin-1-yl)-ethoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation B18 0969 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-(4-cyclohexyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation B19 0970 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-(6-(5-chloro-2-2-(4-ethyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide.

Preparation B20 0971 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-(5-chloro-2-cyclopropylcarbamoylmethoxy-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation B21 0972 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-(2-carbamoylmethoxy-5-chloro-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation B22 0973 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-(4-cyclopropyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation B23 0974 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-(4-isopropyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation B24 0975 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-oxo-2-(4-propyl-piperazin-1-yl)-ethoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation B25 0976 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-(4-cyclopentyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation B26 0977 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-(6-2-2-(4-benzyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy-5-chloro-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation B27 0978 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-(4-ethyl-3-oxo-piperazin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation B28 0979 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-(5-chloro-2-2-4-(2-chloro-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl-2-oxo-ethoxy-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation B29 0980 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(phenethylcarbamoyl-methoxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation B30 0981 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-(3,5-dimethyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation B31 0982 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-(6)5-chloro-2-2-(4-dimethylamino-piperidin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation B32 0983 (2S,3S,4R,5R)5-(6-2-2-(4-Adamantan-2-yl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy-5-chloro-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-3-azido4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation B33 0984 (2R,3R,4S,5S)1-(2-9-(4-Azido-3-hydroxy-5-methylcarbamoyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-9H-purin-6-ylamino-methyl4-chloro-phenoxy)-acetyl-piperidine4-carboxylic acid amide

Preparation B34 0985 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-(4-cycloheptyl-piperazin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation B35 0986 (2S,3S,4R,5R)5-6-2-(Adamantan-2-ylcarbamoylmethoxy)-5-chloro-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-3-azido-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation B36 0987 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(2-oxo-2-(4-tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-piperazin-1-yl-ethoxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation B37 0988 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-(4-tert-butyloxycarbonylamino-piperiden-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide.

Preparation B38 0989 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-(6-5-chloro-2-2-(4-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-methylamino-piperidin-1-yl)-2-oxo-ethoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide.

Preparation C1

Deprotection of t-Butyl Ester 0990 (2R,3R,4S,5S)(2-9-(4-Azido-3-hydroxy-5-methylcarbamoyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-9H-purin-6-ylamino-methyl-4-chloro-phenoxy)-acetic acid 0991 (2R,3R,4S,5S)(2-9-(4-Azido-3-hydroxy-5-methylcarbamoyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-9H-purin-6-ylamino-methyl-4-chloro-phenoxy)-acetic acid tert-butyl ester (1 g, 1.9 mmol) was added to trifluoroacetic acid (15 mL) and stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was reconcentrated from chloroform three times to afford the title compound as a foam. M.S. 518 0992 (MH). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.5 (m, 2H); 7.38 (bs, 1H); 7.25 (d, 1H, J8.0 Hz); 6.95 (d, 1H, J8.0 Hz); 6.0 (d, 1H J4.0 Hz); 5.0 (m, 1H); 4.85 (m, 2H); 4.75 (s, 2H); 4.4 (m, 2H); 2.8 (s, 3H).

Preparation D1

Alkylation of Phenol 0993 (2R,3R,4S,5S)(2-9-(4-Azido-3-hydroxy-5-methylcarbamoyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-9H-purin-6-ylamino-methyl-4-chloro-phenoxy)-acetic acid ethyl ester 0994 Sodium hydride (115 mg, 4.8 mmol) was added to a solution of (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-hydroxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide (2.06 g, 4.37 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (30 mL) while cooled in an ice bath. After 30 minutes, ethyl bromoacetate (0.58 mL, 5.25 mmol) was added and the reaction was warmed to ambient temperature and stirred overnight. The reaction was quenched with methanol and concentrated. The residue was preadsorbed on silica gel and purified by flash chromatography (2-6% methanol/dichloromethane) to afford 1.7 g product as a colorless solid. MS 546 0995 (MH). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.34 (bs, 1H); 8.3 (s, 1H); 7.32 (bs, 1H); 7.22 (dd, 1H, J8.9, 2.6 Hz); 6.9 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.02 (d, 1H, J7.1 Hz); 5.07 (dd, 1H, J7.1, 4.9 Hz); 4.85 (bs, 2H); 4.8 (s, 2H); 4.42 (m, 2H); 4.25 (q, 2H, J6.9 Hz); 3.0 (s, 1H); 2.85 (s, 3H); 1.28 (t, 3H, J6.9 Hz). 0996 In an analogous manner the following compounds, preparations D2-D3, were prepared from the appropriate starting material using analogous procedures to Preparation D1.

Preparation D2 0997 (2R,3R,4S,5S)(2-9-(4-Azido-3-hydroxy-5-methylcarbamoyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-9H-purin-6-ylamino-methyl-4-chloro-phenoxy)-acetic acid methyl ester

Preparation D3 0998 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-(5-chloro-2-cyanomethoxy-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation E1 0999 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-y)-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1000 To a mixture of 4-acetoxy-3-azido-5-(6-chloropurin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (485 mg, 1.27 mmol) and in anhydrous methanol (20 mL) was added triethylamine (0.51 mL, 3.8 mmol) and the reaction was heated to 50 C. under anhydrous conditions. The reaction was stirred at reflux for 15 hours. Methylamine (3.85 mL, 1.0 M in MeOH) was added to the reaction and the reaction was stirred at room temperature for another 15 hours. The solvent was then removed by rotary evaporation and the product was preadsorbed onto silica gel and purified by flash chromatography (SiO2, 2.5% MeOH, EtoAc) to afford the title compound. 1001 C24H29ClN10O5. MW 573.02. MS 573.1 (MH). 1002 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.64 (quart, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 8.46 (s, 1H); 8.35 (bs, 1H); 8.23 (s, 1H); 7.21 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.05 (bs, 1H); 7.01 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.30 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 5.98 (d, 1H, J6.2 Hz) 4.98 (quart, 1H, J5.5 Hz); 4.64 (bs, 2H); 4.50-4.45 (mult, 1H); 4.31 (d, 1H, J3.1 Hz); 4.12 (t, 2H, J5.7 Hz); 3.57-3.51 (mult, 4H); 2.72-2.62 (mult, 5H); 2.51-2.45 (mult, 4H). 1003 The following compounds, Preparation E2-E18, were prepared by analogous procedures to Preparation E1 using three propatedbenzyl amine.

Preparation E2 1004 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-(2-benzyloxy-5-chloro-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1005 C25H24ClN9O4. MW 549.98. MS 550.1 (MH). 1006 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.65 (quart, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 8.47 (s, 1H); 8.42 (bs, 1H); 8.23 (s, 1H); 7.49-7.45 (mult, 2H);7.40 to 7.35 (mult, 2H); 7.30 (t, 1H, J7.1 Hz); 7.21 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.5 Hz); 7.20 (d, 2H, J8.9 Hz); 6.31 (d, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 5.98 (d, 1H, J6.4 Hz); 5.17 (s, 2H); 4.96 (quart, 1H, J5.8 Hz); 4.71 (bs, 2H); 4.52-4.45 (mult, 1H); 4.35-4.30 (mult, 1H); 2.66 (d, 3H, J4.6 Hz).

Preparation E3 1007 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-(5-chloro-2-cyclobutylmethoxybenzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1008 C23H26ClN9O4. MW 527.97. MS 527.7 (MH). 1009 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.65 (quart, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 8.47 (s, 1H); 8.35 (bs, 1H); 8.23 (s, 1H); 7.20 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.03 (bs, 1H); 6.98 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.31 (d, 1H, J5.0 Hz); 5.98 (d, 1H, J6.4 Hz); 4.96 (quart, 1H, J5.2 Hz); 4.64 (bs, 2H); 4.48 (bs, 1H); 4.30-4.32 (mult, 1H); 3.97 (d, 2H, J6.2 Hz); 2.71 (bs, 1H); 2.66 (d, 3H, J4.6 Hz); 2.03 (bs, 2H); 1.86 (bs, 4H).

Preparation E4 1010 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(3-methoxy-benzyloxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1011 C26H26ClN9O5. MW 580.01. MS 579.8 (MH). 1012 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.65 (quart, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 8.47 (s, 1H); 8.43 (bs, 1H); 8.24 (s, 1H); 7.28 (t, 1H, J8.2 Hz); 7.21 (dd, 1H, J8.6 Hz, J2.5 Hz); 7.10-7.00 (mult, 4H); 6.86 (d, 1H, J6.8 Hz); 6.31 (d, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 5.98 (d, 1H, J6.4 Hz); 5.15 (s, 2H); 4.96 (quart, 1H, J5.5 Hz); 4.71 (bs, 2H); 4.50-4.45 (mult, 1H); 4.31 (d, 1H, J2.9 Hz); 3.72 (s, 3H); 2.66 (d, 3H, J4.6 Hz).

Preparation E5 1013 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(2,5-dimethoxy-benzyloxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1014 C27H28ClN9O6. MW 610.03. MS 609.9 (MH). 1015 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.66 (quart, 1H, J4.8 Hz); 8.47 (s, 1H); 8.41 (bs, 1H); 8.23 (s, 1H); 7.21 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.07 (bs, 1H); 7.05-7.00 (mult, 2H); 6.96 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.86 (dd, 1H, J8.9 Hz, J3.1 Hz); 6.31 (d, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 5.98 (d, 1H, J6.4 Hz); 5.10 (s, 2H); 4.95 (quart, 1H, J5.8 Hz); 4.69 (bs, 2H); 4.49-4.48 (mult, 1H); 4.31 (d, 1H, J2.9 Hz); 3.77 (s, 3H); 3.75 (s, 3H); 2.66 (d, 3H, J4.6 Hz).

Preparation E6 1016 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(3-chloro-benzyloxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1017 Mp 89.0-95.0 C. 1018 C25H23Cl2N9O4. MW 584.43. MS 583.8 (MH). 1019 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.63 (quart, 1H, J4.4 Hz); 8.45 (s, 1H); 8.45 (bs, 1H); 8.23 (s, 1H); 7.52 (s, 1H); 7.45-7.32 (mult, 3H); 7.21 (dd, 1H, J8.9 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.10 (bs, 1H); 7.02 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.29 (d, 1H, J5.2 Hz); 5.96 (d, 1H, J6.4 Hz); 5.17 (s, 2H); 4.98-4.90 (mult, 1H); 4.69 (bs, 2H); 4.48-4.44 (mult, 1H); 4.30 (d, 1H, J2.9 Hz); 2.64 (d, 3H, J4.4 Hz).

Preparation E7 1020 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1021 Mp 79.0-84.0 C. 1022 C25H23Cl2N9O4. MW 584.43. MS 584.1 (MH). 1023 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.66 (quart, 1H, J4.4 Hz); 8.47 (s, 1H); 8.44 (bs, 1H); 8.24 (s, 1H); 7.50 (d, 2H, J8.3 Hz); 7.47-7.41 (mult, 2H); 7.25-7.20 (mult, 1H); 7.15-7.05 (mult, 2H); 6.32 (d, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 5.99 (d, 1H, J7.7 Hz); 5.17 (s, 2H); 4.96 (quart, 1H, J5.2 Hz); 4.70 (bs, 2H); 4.49 (bs, 1H); 4.32 (d, 1H, J2.9 Hz); 2.67 (d, 3H, J4.4 Hz).

Preparation E8 1024 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(2-chloro-benzyloxy)-benzylamino-purin-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1025 Mp 66.0-70.0 C. 1026 C25H23Cl2N9O4. MW 584.43. MS 584.1 (MH). 1027 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.66 (quart, 1H, J4.8 Hz); 8.47 (s, 1H); 8.42 (bs, 1H); 8.22 (s, 1H); 7.67-7.61 (mult, 1H); 7.52-7.48 (mult, 1H); 7.41-7.34 (mult, 2H); 7.27-7.18 (mult, 1H); 7.11 (d, 2H, J9.1 Hz); 6.32 (d, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 5.98 (d, 1H, J6.4 Hz); 5.22 (s, 2H); 4.96 (quart, 1H, J5.8 Hz); 4.70 (bs, 2H); 4.50-4.45 (mult, 1H); 4.32 (d, 1H, J3.1 Hz); 2.66 (d, 3H, J4.8 Hz).

Preparation E9 1028 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(tetrahydrofuran-3-ylmethoxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1029 C23H26ClN9O5. MW 543.97. MS 544.1 (MH). 1030 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.65 (quart, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 8.47 (s, 1H); 8.38 (bs, 1H); 8.24 (s, 1H); 7.21 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.06 (bs, 1H); 6.99 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.31 (dd, 1H, J5.4 Hz, J2.1 Hz); 5.99-5.97 (mult, 1H); 4.97-4.95 (mult, 1H); 4.65 (bs, 2H); 4.50-4.45 (mult, 1H); 4.35-4.29 (mult, 1H); 4.01-3.88 (mult, 2H); 3.83-3.72 (mult, 2H); 3.65-3.60 (mult, 1H); 3.59-3.53 (mult, 1H); 2.70-2.60 (mult, 4H); 2.05-1.95 (mult, 1H); 1.75-1.62 (mult, 1H).

Preparation E10 1031 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(4-methyl-benzyloxy)-benzylamino-purin-yl)-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1032 Mp 88.0-95.0 C. 1033 C26H26ClN9O4. MW 564.01. MS 564.2 (MH). 1034 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.66 (quart, 1H, J4.8 Hz); 8.47 (s, 1H); 8.42 (bs, 1H); 8.22 (s, 1H); 7.45 (d, 1H, J7.1 Hz); 7.27-7.16 (mult, 4H); 7.14 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 7.06 (bs, 1H); 6.32 (d, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 5.99 (d, 1H, J6.4 Hz); 5.15 (s, 2H); 4.96 (quart, 1H, J5.5 Hz); 4.68 (bs, 2H); 4.50-4.45 (mult, 1H); 4.32 (d, 1H, J2.9 Hz); 2.67 (d, 3H, J4.8 Hz); 2.34 (s, 3H).

Preparation E11 1035 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(2-methyl-benzyloxy)-benzylamino-purin-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1036 Mp 58.0-62.0 C. 1037 C26H26ClN9O4. MW 564.01. MS 564.2 (MH). 1038 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.66 (quart, 1H, J4.8 Hz); 8.48 (s, 1H); 8.41 (bs, 1H); 8.24 (s, 1H); 7.35 (d, 1H, J7.9 Hz); 7.21 (d, 1H, J8.5 Hz); 7.20-7.15 (mult, 3H); 7.06 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.99 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.32 (d, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 5.99 (d, 1H, J6.4 Hz); 5.12 (s, 2H); (quart, 1H, J5.8 Hz); 4.68 (bs, 2H) 4.50-4.47 (mult, 1H); 4.32 (d, 1H, J3.1 Hz); 2.67 (d, 3H, J4.8 Hz); 2.28 (s, 3H).

Preparation E12 1039 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(3-methyl-benzyloxy)-benzylamino-purin-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1040 Mp 80.0-84.0 C. 1041 C26H26ClN9O4. MW 564.01. MS 564.2 (MH). 1042 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.66 (quart, 1H, J4.8 Hz); 8.48 (s,1H); 8.41 (bs, 1H); 8.24 (s, 1H); 7.28-7.24 (mult, 3H); 7.22 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.5 Hz); 7.13-7.05 (mutt, 3H); 6.31 (d, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 5.99 (d, 1H, J6.4 Hz); 5.13 (s, 2H); 4.96 (quart, 1H, J5.7 Hz); 4.69 (bs, 2H); 4.50-4.45 (mult, 1H); 4.32 (d, 1H, J3.1 Hz); 2.67 (d, 3H, J4.8 Hz); 2.28 (s, 3H).

Preparation E13 1043 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(2-methoxybenzyloxy)benzylamino-purin-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1044 C26H26ClN9O5. MW 580.01. MS 580.1 (MH). 1045 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.63 (quart, 1H, J4.8 Hz); 8.45 (s, 1H); 8.36 (bs, 1H); 8.21 (s, 1H); 7.41 (dd, 1H, J7.7 Hz, J1.7 Hz); (t, 1H, J7.2 Hz); 7.19 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.05-6.99 (mutt, 3H); 6.92 (t, 1H, J7.5 Hz); 6.28 (d, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 5.96 (d, 1H, J6.4 Hz); 5.09 (s, 2H); 4.98-4.90 (mult, 1H); 4.65 (bs, 2H); 4.48-4.42 (mult, 1H); 4.29 (d, 1H, J3.1 Hz); 3.80 (s, 3H); 2.64 (d, 3H, J4.8 Hz).

Preparation E14 1046 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(furan-3-ylmethoxy)benzylamino-purin-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1047 Mp 86.0-90.0 C. 1048 C23H22ClN9O5. MW 539.94. MS 540.1 (MH). 1049 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.66 (quart, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 8.48 (s, 1H); 8.39 (bs, 1H); 8.24 (s, 1H); 7.80 (s, 1H); 7.66 (s, 1H); 7.22 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.5 Hz); 7.11 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 7.06 (bs, 1H); 6.60 (s, 1H); 6.31 (d, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 5.99 (d, 1H, J6.4 Hz); 5.03 (s, 2H); 4.96 (quart, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 4.64 (bs, 2H); 4.49-4.47 (mult, 1H); 4.32 (d, 1H, J3.1 Hz); 2.67 (d, 3H, J4.6 Hz).

Preparation E15 1050 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(4-methoxy-benzyloxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1051 C26H26ClN9O5. MW 580.01. MS 580.0 (MH). 1052 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.63 (quart, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 8.45 (s, 1H); 8.37 (bs, 1H); 8.21 (s, 1H); 7.37 (d, 2H, J8.5 Hz); 7.19 (dd, 1H, J8.5 Hz, J2.5 Hz); 7.05 (d, 2H, J8.9 Hz); 6.89 (d, 2H, J8.7 Hz); 6.28 (d, 1H, J4.8 Hz); 5.96 (d, 1H, J6.2 Hz); 5.06 (s, 2H); 4.98-4.90 (mult, 1H); 4.63 (bs, 2H); 4.46-4.42 (mult, 1H); 4.29 (d, 1H, J2.9 Hz); 3.70 (s, 3H); 2.64 (d, 3H, J4.6 Hz).

Preparation E16 1053 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-(5-chloro-2-cyclopentylmethoxybenzylamino)-purin-9-yl4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1054 C24H28ClN9O4. MW 542.00. MS 541.8 (MH). 1055 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.64 (quart, 1H, J4.8 Hz); 8.45 (s, 1H); 8.33 (bs, 1H); 8.21 (s, 1H); 7.17 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.9 Hz); 7.00 (bs, 1H), 6.95 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.29 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 5.96 (d, 1H, J6.2 Hz); 4.95-4.90 (mult, 1H); 4.62 (bs, 2H); 4.47-4.43 (mult, 1H); 4.29 (d, 1H, J3.1 Hz); 3.85 (d, 2H, J6.9 Hz); 2.64 (d, 3H, J4.8 Hz); 2.32-2.21 (mult, 1H); 1.78-1.66 (mult, 2H); 1.60-1.42 (mult, 4H); 1.37-1.25 (mult, 2H).

Preparation E17 1056 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-(6-5-chloro-2-3-(2-morpholin4-yl-ethoxy-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1057 C31H35ClN10O6. MW 679.14. MS 678.7 (MH). 1058 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.62 (quart, 1H, J5.0 Hz); 8.45 (s, 1H); 8.40 (bs, 1H); 8.22 (s, 1H); 7.27-7.17 (mult, 2H); 7.05-7.03 (mult, 1H); 7.03-6.98 (mult, 3H); 6.84 (d, 1H, J8.3 Hz); 6.30-6.25 (mult, 1H); 5.99-5.92 (mult, 1H); 5.12 (s, 2H); 4.95-4.88 (mult, 1H); 4.73-4.65 (mult, 2H); 4.45-4.41 (mult, 1H); 4.30-4.26 (mult, 1H); 4.07-4.00 (mult, 2H); 3.55-3.45 (mult, 4H); 2.67-2.60 (mult, 5H); 2.42-2.37 (mult, 4H).

Preparation E18 1059 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(2,2,7,7-tetramethyltetrahydro-bis1,3dioxolo4,5-b;4,5-dpyran-5-ylmethoxy)benzylaminopurin-9-yl4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1060 C30H36ClN9O9. MW 702.13. MS 702.1 (MH). 1061 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.72-8.65 (mult, 1H); 8.47 (s, 1H); 8.38 (bs, 1H); 8.25 (s, 1H); 7.21 (dd, 1H, J8.5 Hz, J2.3 Hz); 7.06 (bs, 1H); 7.03 (d, 1H, J8.5 Hz); 6.38 (bs, 1H); 5.98 (d, 1H, J6.4 Hz); 5.48 (d, 1H, J4.8 Hz); 4.95 (t, 1H, J5.8 Hz); 4.65 (bs, 2H); 4.60 (d, 1H, J7.9 Hz); 4.51-4.45 (mult, 1H); 4.39-4.35 (mult, 1H); 4.35-4.29 (mult, 2H); 4.21-4.16 (mult, 1H); 4.08-3.99 (mult, 2H); 2.67 (d, 3H, J4.6 Hz); 1.35 (d, 6H, J11.4 Hz); 1.25 (s, 6H).

Preparation F1 1062 (5-6-5-Chloro-2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-ylmethoxy)benzylaminopurin-9-yl4-hydroxy-2-methylcarbamoyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 1063 To a mixture of 5-(6-chloropurin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-methylcarbamoyl-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (500 mg, 1.2 mmol) and (3-methylisoxazol-5-ylmethoxy)benzyl amine (1.4 mmol) in anhydrous ethanol (10 mL) was added triethylamine (0.5 mL, 3.6 mmol) and the reaction was heated to 65 C. 1064 The reaction was stirred at reflux for 15 hours under anhydrous conditions. The solvent was then removed by rotary evaporation and the product was preadsorbed onto silica gel and purified by flash chromatography to afford the title compound. 1065 Mp 135.0-137.0 C. 1066 C28H33ClN8O7. MW 629.08. MS 629.2 (MH). 1067 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.55 (bs, 1H); 8.41-8.33 (mult, 2H); 8.19 (s, 1H); 7.23 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.12 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 7.07 (bs, 1H); 6.96 (d, 1H, J6.0 Hz); 6.47 (s, 1H); 5.98 (d, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 5.91 (bs, 1H); 5.29 (s, 2H); 4.63 (bs, 2H); 4.55-4.43 (mult, 1H); 4.28-4.17 (mult, 2H); 2.63 (d, 3H, J4.6 Hz); 2.20 (s, 3H); 1.35 (s, 9H).

Preparation G1 1068 (2R,3R,4S,5S)(2-9-(4-Azido-3-hydroxy-5-methylcarbamoyl-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-9H-purin-6-ylamino-methyl-4-chloro-phenoxy)-acetic acid tert-butyl ester 1069 Triethyl amine (0.3 mL, 2.1 mmol) was added to a solution of (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-azido-5-(6-chloro-purin-9-yl)-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide (302 mg, 0.9 mmol) and 2-aminomethyl-4-chloro-phenoxy acetic acid tert-butyl ester (290 mg, 1.07 mmol) in ethanol at ambient temperature. The reaction was heated to 70 C. for 2.5 hours, cooled, and the resultant solid was washed with cold ethanol, and dried to afford 420 mg (81%) of the title compound as a colorless solid. Alternatively, the product could be purified by flash chromatography (2-5% methanol/dichloromethane). MS 574 (MH). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8.28 (bs, 1H); 8.24 (s, 1H); 7.32 (bs, 1H); 7.18 (dd, 1H, J8.9, 2.6 Hz); 6.92 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 5.95 (d, 1H, J7.1 Hz); 5.03 (dd, 1H, J7.1, 4.9 Hz); 4.82 (bs, 2H); 4.83 (s, 2H); 4.39 (m, 2H); 3.0 (s, 1H); 2.8 (s, 3H); 1.4 (s, 9H). 1070 In an analogous manner the following compounds, Preparations G2-G30, were prepared from the appropriate starting material using analogous procedures to Preparation G1.

Preparation G2 1071 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-ylmethoxy) benzylaminopurin-9-yl4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1072 Mp 94.0-98.0 C.; C23H23ClN10O5. MW 554.96. MS 555.1 (MH). 1073 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.63 (quart, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 8.46 (s, 1H);,8.41 (bs, 1H); 8.21 (s, 1H); 7.23 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.5 Hz); 7.11 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 7.06 (bs, 1H); 6.48 (s, 1H); 6.29 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 5.97 (d, 1H, J6.4 H (s, 2H); 4.94 (quart, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 4.63 (bs, 2H); 4.48-4.42 (mult, 1H); 4.30 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 2.64 (d, 3H, J4.6 Hz); 2.19 (s, 3H).

Preparation G3 1074 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(tetrahydrofuran-3-ylmethoxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl)4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1075 C23H26ClN9O5. MW 543.97. MS 544.1 (MH). 1076 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.65 (quart, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 8.47 (s, 1H); 8.38 (bs, 1H); 8.24 (s, 1H); 7.21 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.06 (bs, 1H); 6.99 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.31 (dd, 1H, J.5.4 Hz, J2.1 Hz); 5.99-5.97 (mult, 1H); 4.97-4.95 (mult, 1H); 4.65 (bs, 2H); 4.50-4.45 (mult, 1H); 4.35-4.29 (mult, 1H); 4.01-3.88 (mult, 2H); 3.83-3.72 (mult, 2H); 3.65-3.60 (mult, 1H); 3.59-3.53 (mult, 1H); 2.70-2.60 (mult, 4H); 2.05-1.95 (mult, 1H); 1.75-1.62 (mult, 1H).

Preparation G4 1077 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(tetrahydrofuran-3-ylmethoxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1078 C23H26ClN9O5. MW 543.97. MS 544.1 (MH). 1079 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.65 (quart, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 8.47 (s, 1H); 8.38 (bs, 1H); 8.24 (s, 1H); 7.21 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.06 (bs, 1H); 6.99 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.31 (dd, 1H, J5.4 Hz, J2.1 Hz); 5.99-5.97 (mult, 1H); 4.97-4.95 (mult, 1H); 4.65 (bs, 2H); 4.50-4.45 (mult, 1H); 4.35-4.29 (mult, 1H); 4.01-3.88 (mult, 2H); 3.83-3.72 (mult, 2H); 3.65-3.60 (mult, 1H); 3.59-3.53 (mult, 1H); 2.70-2.60 (mult, 4H); 2.05-1.95 (mult, 1H); 1.75-1.62 (mult, 1H).

Preparation G5 1080 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(furan-2-ylmethoxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1081 Mp 182.0-185.0 C. 1082 C23H22ClN9O5. MW 539.94. MS 540.1 (MH). 1083 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.66 (d, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 8.47 (s, 1H); 8.38 (bs, 1H); 8.23 (s, 1H); 7.68 (d, 1H, J1.9 Hz); 7.23 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.17 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 7.03 (bs, 1H); 6.60 (d, 1H, J3.1 Hz); 6.45 (dd, 1H, J3.1 Hz, J1.9 Hz); 6.31 (d, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 5.98 (d, 1H, J6.2 Hz); 5.13 (s, 2H); 4.96 (quart, 1H, J6.0 Hz); 4.60 (bs, 2H); 4.51-4.45 (mult, 1H); 4.31 (d, 1H, J3.1 Hz); 2.66 (d, 3H, J4.6 Hz).

Preparation G6 1084 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(2,5-dimethylfuran-3-ylmethoxy)benzylaminopurin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1085 Mp 85.0-87.0 C. 1086 C25H26ClN9O5. MW 568.00. MS 568.1 (MH). 1087 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.63 (quart, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 8.45 (s, 1H); 8.33 (bs, 1H); 8.20 (s, 1H); 7.19 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.05 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 7.02 (bs, 1H); 6.28 (d, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 6.06 (s, 1H); 5.96 (d, 1H, J6.4 Hz); 4.93 (quart, 1H, J5.2 Hz); 4.86 (s, 2H); 4.59 (bs, 2H); 4.47-4.42 (mult, 1H); 4.29 (d, 1H, J3.1 Hz); 2.64 (d, 3H, J4.6 Hz); 2.21 (s, 3H); 2.14 (s, 3H).

Preparation G7 1088 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(5-dimethylaminomethylfuran-2-ylmethoxy)benzylaminopurin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1089 C26H29ClN 10O5. MW 597.04. MS 597.1 (MH). 1090 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.63 (quart, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 8.45 (s, 1H); 8.34 (bs, 1H); 8.20 (s, 1H); 7.22-7.16 (mult, 1H); 7.13 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 7.00 (bs, 1H); 6.49 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 6.29 (bs, 1H); 6.22 (d, 1H, J3.1 Hz); 5.96 (d, 1H, J6.0 Hz); 5.06 (s, 2H); 4.92 (bs, 1H); 4.56 (bs, 2H); 4.48-4.41 (mult, 1H); 4.36-4.22 (mult, 1H); 3.28 (bs, 2H); 2.63 (d, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 2.14-2.04 (mult, 6H).

Preparation G8 1091 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(thiazol-2-ylmethoxy)benzylaminopurin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1092 Mp 88.0-92.0 C. 1093 C22H21ClN10O4S. MW 556.99. MS 557.1 (MH). 1094 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.66 (quart, 1H, J4.4 Hz); 8.52-8.40 (mult, 2H); 8.24 (s, 1H); 7.84 (d, 1H, J2.9 Hz); 7.77 (d, 1H, J2.9 Hz); 7.25 (d, 1H, J8.5 Hz); 7.15 (d, 1H, J8.5 Hz); 7.08 (bs, 1H); 6.31 (d, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 5.98 (d, 1H, J6.4 Hz); 5.51 (s, 2H); 5.00-4.91 (mult, 1H); 4.72 (bs, 2H); 4.49 (bs, 1H); 4.32 (bs, 1H); 2.66 (d, 3H, J4.4 Hz).

Preparation G9 1095 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-2-(benzothiazol-2-ylmethoxy)-5-chlorobenzylaminopurin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1096 Mp 95.0-100.0 C. 1097 C26H23ClN10O4S. MW 607.05. MS 607.0 (MH). 1098 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.66 (quart, 1H, J4.4 Hz); 8.49 (bs, 2H); 8.24 (s, 1H); 8.11 (d, 1H, J8.1 Hz); 8.01 (d, 1H, J8.1 Hz); 7.52 (t, 1H, J7.7 Hz); 7.44 (t, 1H, J7.7 Hz); 7.26 (d, 1H, J8.3 Hz); 7.17 (d, 1H, J8.3 Hz); 7.10 (bs, 1H); 6.32 (d, 1H, J5.2 Hz); 5.99 (d, 1H, J6.4 Hz); 5.67 (s, 2H); 5.00-4.96 (mult, 1H); 4.80 (bs, 2H); 4.49 (bs, 1H); 4.32 (bs, 1H); 2.66 (d, 3H, J4.4 Hz).

Preparation G10 1099 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-2-(benzofuran-2-ylmethoxy)-5-chlorobenzylaminopurin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1100 Mp 89.0-100.0 C. 1101 C27H24ClN9O5. MW 590.00. MS 590.1 (MH). 1102 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.65 (quart, 1H, J4.4 Hz); 8.47 (s, 1H); 8.41 (bs, 1H); 8.20 (s, 1H); 7.63 (d, 1H, J7.9 Hz); 7.57 (d, 1H, J7.9 Hz); 7.31 (t, 1H, J7.5 Hz); 7.26-7.20 (mult, 3H); 7.07 (mult, 2H); 6.31 (d, 1H, J5.2 Hz); 5.98 (d, 1H, J6.4 Hz); 5.35 (s, 2H); 4.95 (quart, 1H, J5.8 Hz); 4.66 (bs, 2H); 4.48 (bs, 1H

Preparation G11 1103 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(isothiazol-5-ylmethoxy)benzylaminopurin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1104 Mp 96.0-99.0 C. 1105 C22H21ClN10O4S. MW 556.99. MS 557.1 (MH). 1106 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.63 (quart, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 8.51 (s, 1H); 8.46 (s, 1H); 8.42 (bs, 1H); 8.22 (s, 1H); 7.45 (s, 1H); 7.24 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.5 Hz); 7.12-7.07 (mult, 2H); 6.29 (d, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 5.97 (d, 1H, J6.4 Hz); 5.57 (s, 2H); 4.94 (quart, 1H, J5.8 Hz); 4.67 (bs, 2H); 4.49-4.41 (mult, 1H); 4.30 (d, 1H, J3.1 Hz); 2.65 (d, 3H, J4.6 Hz).

Preparation G12 1107 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(thiophen-2-ylmethoxy)benzylaminopurin-9-yl4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1108 Mp91.0-112.0 C. 1109 C23H22ClN9O4S. MW 556.01. MS 556.1 (MH). 1110 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.63 (quart, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 8.46 (s, 1H); 8.42 (bs, 1H); 8.22 (s, 1H); 7.52 (d, 1H, J5.0 Hz); 7.25-7.18 (mult, 2H); 7.13 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 7.03 (bs, 1H); 7.01-6.98 (mult, 1H); 6.30 (bs, 1H); 5.97 (d, 1H, J6.2 Hz); 5.34 (s, 2H); 4.97-4.90 (mult, 1H); 4.62 (bs, 2H); 4.48-4.41 (mult, 1H); 4.30 (d, 1H, J3.1 Hz); 2.64 (d, 3H, J4.6 Hz).

Preparation G13 1111 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(quinolin-2-ylmethoxy)benzylaminopurin-9-yl)4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1112 Mp 117.0-120.0 C. 1113 C28H25ClN10O4. MW 601.03. MS 601.1 (MH). 1114 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.64 (quart, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 8.47 (bs, 1H), 8.46 (s, 1H); 8.37 (d, 1H, J8.5 Hz); 8.24 (s, 1H); 8.03-7.92 (mult, 2H); 7.80-7.67 mult, 2H); 7.58 (t, 1H, J7.1 Hz); 7.18 (dd, 1H, J8.5 Hz, J2.1 Hz); 7.12 (bs, 1H); 7.07 (d, 1H, J8.5 Hz); 6.30 (d, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 5.97 (d, 1H, J6.4 Hz); 5.42 (s, 2H); 4.95 (quart, 1H, J5.2 Hz); 4.78 (bs, 2H); 4.51-4.44 (mult, 1H); 4.30 (d, 1H, J3.1 Hz); 2.64 (d, 3H, J4.6 Hz).

Preparation G14 1115 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(4-methyl-1,2,3thiadiazol-5-ylmethoxy)benzylaminopurin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1116 Mp 105.0-107.0 C. 1117 C22H22ClN11O4S. MW 572.01. MS 572.0 (MH). 1118 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.63 (quart, 1H, J4.8 Hz); 8.46 (s, 1H); 8.42 (bs, 1H); 8.20 (s, 1H); 7.27 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.16 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 7.09 (bs, 1H); 6.30 (d, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 5.96 (d, 1H, J6.6 Hz); 5.57 (s, 2H); 4.94 (quart, 1H, J5.2 Hz); 4.63 (bs, 2H); 4.49-4.42 (mult, 1H); 4.30 (d, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 2.70-2.60 (mult, 6H).

Preparation G15 1119 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(naphthalen-1-ylmethoxy) benzylaminopurin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1120 Mp 115.0-119.0 C. 1121 C29H26ClN9O4. MW 600.04. MS 600.1 (MH). 1122 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.63 (quart, 1H, J4.8 Hz); 8.44 (s, 1H); 8.38 (bs, 1H); 8.19 (s, 1H); 8.14 (d, 1H, J7.9 Hz); 7.98-7.86 (mult, 2H); 7.70 (d, 1H, J6.6 Hz); 7.59-7.43 (mult, 3H); 7.32-7.21 (mult, 2H); 7.06 (bs, 1H); 6.29 (d, 1H, J5.2 Hz); 5.96 (d, 1H, J6.4 Hz); 5.61 (s, 2H); 4.93 (quart, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 4.62 (bs, 2H); 4.49-4.42 (mult, 1H); 4.30 (d, 1H, J2.9 Hz); 2.64 (d, 3H, J4.8 Hz).

Preparation G16 1123 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1124 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 10.04 (bs, 1H); 8.63 (quart, 1H, J4.6 Hz); 8.45 (s, 1H); 8.40 (bs, 1H); 8.25 (s, 1H); 7.05 (dd, 1H, J8.5 Hz, J2.5 Hz); 7.00 (bs, 1H); 6.77 (d, 1H, J8.5 Hz); 6.30 (d, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 5.96 (d, 1H, J6.2 Hz); 4.94 (quart, 1H, J5.8 Hz); 4.56 (bs, 2H); 4.49-4.43 (mult, 1H); 4.30 (d, 1H, J2.9 Hz); 2.65 (d, 3H, J4.6 Hz).

Preparation G17 1125 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-(2-benzyloxy-5-chloro-benzylamino)-2-chloro-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide.

Preparation G18 1126 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-(5-chloro-2-phenethyloxy-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation G19 1127 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(1-phenyl-ethoxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation G20 1128 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethoxy)-benzylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation G21 1129 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-1-(2-benzyloxy-5-chloro-phenyl)-ethylamino-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation G22 1130 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-(2-benzyloxy-5-bromo-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation G23 1131 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-(2-benzyloxy-5-fluoro-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation G24 1132 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-(2-benzyloxy-5-iodo-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation G25 1133 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-(2-benzyloxy-5-trifluoromethyl-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation G26 1134 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-(2-benzyloxy-5-cyano-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation G27 1135 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-(2-benzyloxy-5-methyl-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation G28 1136 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-(2-benzyloxy-5-vinyl-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation G29 1137 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-6-(2-benzyloxy-5-ethynyl-benzylamino)-purin-9-yl-4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation G30 1138 3-Azido-5-6-5-chloro-2-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-ylmethoxy) benzylaminopurin-9-yl-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1139 C24H25ClN10O5. MW 568.98. MS 569.1 (MH). 1140 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 8.69 (quart, 1H, J4.8 Hz); 8.40 (s, 1H); 8.35 (bs, 1H); 8.14 (s, 1H); 7.25 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.11 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 7.07 (bs, 1H); 6.28 (d, 1H, J5.6 Hz); 6.05 (d, 1H, J6.6 Hz); 4.95 (s, 2H); 4.85-4.77 (mult, 1H); 4.67-4.52 (mult, 2H); 4.49-4.42 (mult, 1H); 4.39-4.32 (mult, 1H); 2.65 (d, 3H, J4.8 Hz); 2.38 (s, 3H); 2.22 (s, 3H).

Preparation H1 1141 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-(6-chloro-purin-9-yl)4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1142 Triethylamine (4.4 mL, 0.032 mL) was added to a solution of (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-azido-5-(6-chloro-purin-9-yl)-4-acetoxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide (4 g, 0.011 mmol) in methanol (80 mL). After stirring for 15 hours, the mixture was concentrated and the residue purified by flash chromatography (5% methanol/dichloromethane) to afford 2.7 g (77%) of the title compound as a colorless solid. MS 339 (MH)1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 8.72 (s, 1H); 8.2 (s, 1H); 7.62 (bs, 1H); 5.98 (d, 1H, J6.7 Hz); 5.07 (t, 1H, J6.2 Hz); 4.65 (dd, 1H, J5.4, 2.7 Hz); 4.58 (m, 1H); 4.2 (bs, 1H); 2.88 (d, 1H, J4.9 Hz); 1.67 (bs, 1H).

Preparation I1 1143 Alternate preparation of (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-(6-chloropurin-9-yl)4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1144 To a solution of acetic acid 4-azido-2-(6-chloropurin-9-yl)-5-methylcarbamoyl-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl ester (1.1 g, 2.9 mmol) in anhydrous methanol (100 mL), cooled to 0 C., was added methylamine (1.2 mL, 8.6 mmol). The solution was stirred for 2 h at room temperature, under anhydrous conditions. After removal of solvent by rotary evaporation, the resulting solid was purified via flash chromatography (7% MeOH/CH2Cl2) to yield the title compound as a white foam. 1145 C11H11ClN8O3. MW 338.72. MS 339.1 (MH). 1146 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 9.01 (s, 1H); 8.81 (s, 1H); 8.22 (quart, 1H, J4.2 Hz); 6.41 (dd, 1H, J5.2 Hz, J2.1 Hz); 6.12 (d, 1H, J5.2 Hz); 5.03 (quart, 1H, J5.2 Hz); 4.57-4.47 (mult, 1H); 4.41 (d, 1H, J3.9 Hz); 2.61 (d, 3H, J4.2 Hz).

Preparation J1

Glycosidation 1147 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-(6-chloro-purin-9-yl34-acetoxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide 1148 6-Chloropurine (20.4 g, 0.132 mol) was suspended in hexamethyl disilazane (165 mL) and heated at 110 C. After 2 h, the now homogeneous mixture was concentrated and the solid residue reconcentrated from toluene 2 and placed under high vac for 1 hour. The resulting solid was combined with 1,2-bis-O-acetyl-3-azido-3-deoxy-D-ribofuranuronic acid methyl amide (12.7 g, 0.044 mol) and dissolved in anhydrous dichloroethane (350 mL). Powdered 4A molecular sieves (15 g) were added and the mixture stirred for 15 minutes. TMSOTf (16.0 mL, 0.088 mol) was added and the reaction was then heated to 60 C. for two hours, cooled and quenched by the careful addition of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (200 mL). Ethyl acetate (350 mL) was added and the mixture was filtered through sintered glass. The filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate (3) and the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated. 1149 The residue was purified by flash chromatography (15% then 20% acetoneldichloromethane) to afford the title compound (10.6 g) as an off-white foam. MS 381 (MH). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 8.8 (s, 1H); 8.2 (s, 1H); 7.6 (bs, 1H); 6.13 (d, 1H, J7.0 Hz); 5.87 (dd, 1H, J7.0, 5.6 Hz); 4.85 (dd, 1H, J5.6, 3.0 Hz); 4.58 (d, 1H, J3.0 Hz); 2.9 (d, 1H, J4.9 Hz); 2.11 (s, 3H). 1150 The following compound, Preparation J2, was prepared from the appropriate starting material using analogous procedures to Preparation J1.

Preparation J2 1151 (2S,3S,4R,5R)3-Azido-5-(2,6-dichloro-purin-9-yl)4-hydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-carboxylic acid methylamide

Preparation K1 1152 1,2-bis-O-acetyl-3-azido-3-deoxy-D-ribofuranuronic acid methyl amide 3-Azido-3-deoxy-1,2-0-isopropylidene--D-ribofuranuronic acid methyl amide (12 g, 0.05 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid (150 mL) and acetic anhydride (50 mL). 1153 The mixture was cooled in an ice bath and a solution of sulfuric acid (1 mL dissolved in 5 mL acetic acid) was added. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 18 hours. The reaction mixture was added dropwise to a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate (2 L), and then extracted with chloroform (3). The combined organic layers were washed with water (2) and sat. NaHCO3 (2) and brine (1), dried (Na2SO4) filtered and concentrated to afford a mixture of anomeric acetates as a tan oil.

Preparation L1 1154 3-Azido-3-deoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene--D-ribofuranuronic acid methyl amide Oxalyl chloride (15 mL) was added to a solution of 3-azido-3-deoxy--D-ribofuranuronic acid (30 g) in anhydrous THF (250 mL) at 0 C. DMF (1 mL) was added and the reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature at which time gas evolution commenced. After five hours, the mixture was concentrated and the residue dissolved in dichloromethane (100 mL), cooled to 0 C. A solution of methyl amine in THF (260 mL of a 2M solution) was added slowly. After 30 minutes, the mixture was diluted with water (500 mL) and extracted with chloroform (3). The combined organic layers were dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated to afford the title compound as a light brown solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 6.39 (bs, 1H); 5.80 (d, 1H, J3.7 Hz); 4.67 (dd, 1H, J4.0, 3.7 Hz); 4.42 (d, 1H, J9.3 Hz); 3.6 (dd, 1H, J9.3, 4.0 Hz); 2.9 (d, 3H, J5.0 Hz); 1.54 (s, 3H); 1.34 (s, 3H).

Preparation M1 1155 (2S,3S,4R,5R)4-Acetoxy-3-azido-5-(6-chloropurin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester 1156 A solution of 6-chloropurine (4.96 g, 32 mmol) and hexamethyldisilazane (40 mL) were combined and heated to 100 C. for 3 h under anhydrous conditions. The mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and was then concentrated to a solid on the rotary evaporator using anhydrous toluene (350 mL) to help remove the solvent. The solid was pumped on high vacuum for 15 minutes and then anhydrous acetonitrile (50 mL) was added. 1,2-Bis-O-acetyl-3-Azido-3-deoxy-D-ribofuranuronic acid methyl ester (3.09 g, 10.7 nmol) was dissolved in anhydrous acetonitrile (20 mL) and added to the reaction. 1157 Trimethylsilyltrifluoromethanesulfonate (7.5 mL, 41.4 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred at 70 C., under anhydrous conditions, for 15 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (200 mL). Water (160 mL) was added, and the reaction mixture was extracted with EtOAc (4100 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated to a solid on the rotary evaporator. This solid was purified via flash chromatography (7:3 hexane:EtOAc) to afford 2.88 g of the title compound as a white foam. 1158 Mp 94.0-96.0 C. 1159 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 8.73 (s, 1H); 8.60 (s, 1H); 6.36 (d, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 5.83 (t, 1H, J5.4 Hz); 4.83-4.77 (mult, 1H); 4.65 (d, 1H, J4.2 Hz); 3.84 (s, 3H); 2.14 (s, 3H).

Preparation N1 1160 1,2-Bis-O-acetyl-3-azido-3-deoxy-D-ribofuranuronic acid methyl ester 3-Azido-3-deoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene--D-ribofuranuronic acid methyl ester (4.85 g, 20 mmol), concentrated H2SO4 (5.5 mL), glacial acetic acid (65 mL), and acetic anhydride (18 mL, 20 mmol) were combined and stirred at room temperature, under anhydrous conditions, for 15 h. The reaction mixture was then taken up in water (500 mL), neutralized with solid sodium hydroxide to pH 7 and extracted with EtOAc (3250 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with saturated aqueous NaCl (500 mL), dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated on a rotary evaporator to a solid, which was purified via flash chromatography (2:1 hexane:EtOAc) to afford 3.09 g of the title compound as a clear, colorless oil. 1161 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 6.18 (s, 1H); 5.33 (d, 1H, J5.0 Hz); 4.53 (d, 1H, J7.5 Hz); 4.44-4.38 (mult, 1H); 3.83 (s, 3H); 2.17 (s, 3H); 2.08 (s, 3H).

Preparation O1 1162 3-Azido-3-deoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene--D-ribofuranuronic acid methyl ester 1163 To a solution of 3-azido-3-deoxy-1,2-isopropylidene--D-ribofuranuronic acid (4.23 g, 18 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) was added potassium carbonate (3 g, 22 mmol) and iodomethane (2.3 mL, 37 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature under anhydrous conditions for 15 h. The reaction mixture was then taken up in EtOAc (500 mL) and washed with water (500 mL), saturated aqueous NaHCO (2500 mL), and saturated aqueous NaCl (500 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated on the rotary evaporator to an oil. The product was purified by flash chromatography (7:3 hexane:EtOAc) to afford 4.45 g of the title compound as a clear, colorless oil. 1164 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 5.89 (d, 1H, J3.3 Hz); 4.74-4.68 (mult, 1H); 4.53 (d, 1H, J,9.6 Hz); 3.82 (s, 3H); 3.69-3.63 (mult, 1H); 1.55 (s, 3H); 1.34 (s, 3H).

Preparation P1 1165 3-Azido-3-deoxy-1,2-isopropylidene--D-ribofuranuronic acid 1166 A solution of 3-azido-1,2,5,6-bis-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-D-allofuranose (451 g, 1.58 mol) in diethyl ether (4.5 L) was treated with periodic acid (540 g, 2.37 mol) at ambient temperature which was maintained with a water bath. After 24 hours, the precipitated salts were filtered and washed with ether. The filtrate was concentrated and the crude aldehyde was added to a mixture of chloroform (2.5 L), acetonitrile (2.5 L) and water (3.4 L). To this vigorously stirred mixture was added sodium periodate (1211 g, 5.67 mol) and ruthenium trichloride hydrate (14.5 g, 0.69 mol) at room temperature maintained with a water bath. After 20 hours, the mixture was diluted with chloroform (4 L) and water (4 L) and the mixture was filtered through. Celite filter aid. The layers were separated and the aqueous phase reextracted with chloroform. The combined organic layers were concentrated in vacuo and the residue partitioned between saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2 L) and ethyl acetate (3 L). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer reextracted with ethyl acetate (2 L). The aqueous layer was acidified with 2N HCl solution and extracted. with ethyl acetate (33 L). The combined organic layers were dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated to give 208 g of the title compound as an off-white solid pure by tic and NMR. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) 7.5 (bs, 1H); 5.95 (d, 1H, J3.7); 4.8 (dd, 1H, J4.0, 3.7 Hz); 4.6 (d, 1H, J9.5 Hz); 3.72 (dd, 1H, J9.5, 4.0 Hz); 1.58 (s, 3H); 1.38 (s, 3H).

Preparation Q1 1167 3-Azido-1,2,5,6-bis-O-isopropylidene-3-deoxy-D-allofuranose. 1168 Triflic anhydride (1500 g, 5.3 mol) was added dropwise to a solution of pyridine (493 g, 6.2 mol) in dichloromethane (7.5 L) at 15 C. After 30 minutes, a solution of 1,2,5,6-bis-O-isopropylidene-D-glucofuranose (735 g, 2.84 mol) was added as a solution in dichloromethane (2.5 L). After 1 hour, the reaction was quenched by the dropwise addition of water (4 L) allowing the reaction temperature to warm to 0 C. The layers were separated and the organic layer dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated to give a red oil. The triflate was immediately dissolved in DMF (8 L), treated with NaN3 (554 g, 8.5 mol) and warmed to 35 C. After 18 hours, the mixture was poured into water (12 L) and extracted with ethyl acetate (34 L). The combined organic layers were washed with water (23 L) and brine (13 L), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated. The residue was preadsorbed onto silica gel and purified by flash chromatography (6:1 hex/EtOAc then 4:1 hex/EtOAc) to afford 228 g of the title compound as a colorless oil. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 5.77 (d, 1H, J3.7 Hz); 4.7 (dd, 1H, J4.4, 3.7 Hz); 4.15 (m, 2H); 4.0 (m, 2H); 3.5 (dd, 1H, J9.1, 4.4 Hz); 1.56 (s, 3H); 1.47 (s, 3H); 1.37 (s, 3H); 1.34 (s, 3H).

Preparation R1 1169 5-Chloro-2-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethoxy)-benzylamine 1170 A solution of 30% HCl in ether (0.5 mL) was added to a solution of 5-chloro-2-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-ylmethoxy)-benzyl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (146 mg, 0.43 mmol) in methanol (5 mL). After stirring overnight, the mixture was concentrated and triturated from ether, filtered, washed with ether and dried to afford 76 mg of the title compound as a colorless solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 7.4 (m, 2H); 7.04 (m, 1H); 4.91 (s, 2H); 4.12 (s, 2H); 4.00 (s, 2H); 3.79 (s, 2H).

Preparation S1 1171 (5-Chloro-2-cyanomethoxy-benzyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester 1172 Di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (0.45 g, 2.03 mmol) was added to a solution of (2-aminomethyl-4-chloro-phenoxy)-acetonitrile (0.2 g, 1.01 mmol) and triethylamine (0.57 mL, 4 mmol) in dry THF (10 mL) at ambient temperature. After 4 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (30 mL) washed with 1N HCl solution (1), sat. sodium bicarbonate solution (1) and brine (1), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (5-20% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to afford 218 mg (74%) of the title compound as a colorless solid. 1173 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 7.3 (m, 2H); 6.92 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 4.91 (bs, 1H); 4.78 (s, 2H); 4.28 (s, 2H); 1.41 (s, 9H).

Preparation T1 1174 2-Aminomethyl4-chloro-phenoxy acetic acid tert-butyl ester. 1175 Raney nickel (0.5 g) was added to a solution of 2-cyano-4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid-t-butyl ester (560 mg, 0.21 mmol) in methanol (25 mL) containing 1 mL of sat. ammonium hydroxide. The mixture was placed under 40 psi of hydrogen and shaken for two hours. The mixture was filtered and concentrated. The residue was partitioned between 1N HCl and ether. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was re-extracted with ether. The aqueous layer was basified to pH 10 with K2 CO3 solution and extracted with ether (3). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4), filtered and concentrated to afford 360 mg of the title compound as an oil. MS 272 (MH). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 7.22 (s, 1H); 7.12 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.61 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 4.5 (s, 2H); 3.85 (s, 2H); 2.62 (bs, 2H); 1.41 (s, 9H).

Preparation U1 1176 2-cyano-4-chlorophenoxy acetic acid-tert-butyl ester 1177 Sodium hydride (96 mg, 4.1 mmol) was added to a solution of 2-cyano-4-chloro phenol (0.5 g, 3.26 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (6 mL) at 10 C. After 15 minutes the mixture became homogeneous and t-butyl bromo acetate was added dropwise. After 2 hours, the mixture was quenched with water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2). The combined organic layers were washed with water (2) brine (1), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (10% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to afford 850 mg of the title compound as a colorless syrup (97%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 7.53 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.46 (dd, 1H, J9.1, 2.7 Hz); 6.78 (d, 1H, J9.1 Hz); 4.63 (s, 3H); 1.46 (s, 9H).

Preparation V1 1178 ()-5-Chloro-2-(tetrahydrofuran-3-ylmethoxy)benzylamine 1179 After converting 5-chloro-2-(tetrahydrofuran-3-ylmethoxy)benzylamine hydrochloride into its free base, the free base was subjected to chiral HPLC, to yield the title compound. 1180 2223.57 (c0.140, MeOH) 1181 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.35 (bs, 3H); 7.49 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.37 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.07 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 4.00-3.90 (mult, 4H); 3.80-3.70 (mult, 2H); 3.65-3.60 (mult, 1H); 3.60-3.55 (mult, 1H); 2.75-2.71 (mult, 1H); 2.05-1.95 (mult, 1H); 1.77-1.63 (mult, 1H). 1182 The following compound, Preparation V2, was prepared using analogous procedures to Preparation V1.

Preparation V2 1183 ()-5-Chloro-2-(tetrahydrofuran-3-ylmethoxy)benzylamine 1184 After converting 5-chloro-2-(tetrahydrofuran-3-ylmethoxy)benzylamine hydrochloride into its free base, the free base was subjected to chiral HPLC, to yield the title compound. ps 2216.32 (c 0.190, MeOH) 1185 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.35 (bs, 3H); 7.49 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.37 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.07 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 4.00-3.90 (mult, 4H); 3.80-3.70 (mult, 2H); 3.65-3.60 (mult, 1H); 3.60-3.55 (mult, 1H); 2.75-2.71 (mult, 1H); 2.05-1.95 (mult, 1H); 1.77-1.63 (mult, 1H).

Preparation W1 1186 5-Chloro-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)benzylamine hydrochloride 1187 A solution of 5-chloro-2-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)benzonitrile (412 mg, 1.54 mmol) in anhydrous THF (15 mL) was added to a solution of lithium aluminum hydride (3.53 mL, 1.0 M in THF) at room temperature. The reaction was stirred for 15 h at room temperature under anhydrous conditions, whereupon it was cooled to 0 C. and 1 N aqueous NaOH (0.54 mL) was added. The reaction was stirred for h at 0 C. and then the solids were filtered off and rinsed with THF. The filtrate was concentrated by rotary evaporation and the resulting solid was dissolved in 30 mL of absolute ethanol. Aqueous hydrochloride solution (1.0 N, 1.7 mL) was added and the reaction was stirred for 15 min. The solvent was removed by rotary evaporation and the resulting solid was triturated with Et2O to to yield the title compound. 1188 C13H19ClN2O2. MW 270.76. MS 271.2 (MH). 1189 1H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 7.45-7.40 (mult, 2H); 7.13 (d, 1H, J5.9); 4.34 (bs, 2H); 4.15 (s, 2H); 3.79 (bs, 4H); 3.35-3.25 (mult, 4H); 3.08 (bs, 2H); 2.83 (bs, 2H) 1190 The following compounds, Preparations W2-W26, were prepared from the appropriate benzonitrile using analogous procedures to Preparation W1.

Preparation W2 1191 2-Benzyloxy-5-chloro-benzylamine hydrochloride 1192 Mp 150.5-152.5 C. 1193 C14H14ClNO. MW 247.73. MS 248.1 (MH). 1194 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.34 (bs, 3H); 7.49 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.47-7.38 (mult, 2H); 7.43 to 7.33 (mult, 3H) 7.32-7.25 (mult, 1H); 7.10 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 5.14 (s, 2H); 3.96 (s, 2H).

Preparation W3 1195 5-Chloro-2-cyclobutylmethoxybenzylamine hydrochloride 1196 Mp 168.0-170.0 C. 1197 C12H16ClNO. MW 225.72. MS 225.8 (MH). 1198 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.36 (bs, 3H); 7.48 (d, 1H, J2.5 Hz); 7.36 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.5 Hz); 7.06 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 3.97 (d, 2H, J6.4 Hz); 3.92 (bs, 2H); 2.76-2.71 (mult, 1H); 2.09-1.97 (mult, 2H); 1.97-1.77 (mult, 4H).

Preparation W4 1199 5-Chloro-2-(3-methoxy-benzyloxy)benzylamine hydrochloride. 1200 Mp 159.0-160.0 C. 1201 C15H16ClNO2. MW 277.75. MS 277.9 (MH). 1202 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.37 (bs, 3H); 7.51 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.38 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.28 (t, 1H, J8.0 Hz); 7.10 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 7.06 7.00 (mult, 2H); 6.87 (d, 1H, J8.3 Hz); 5.13 (s, 2H); 3.99 (s, 2H); 3.74 (s, 3H).

Preparation W5 1203 5-Chloro-2-(2,5-dimethoxy-benzyloxy)benzylamine hydrochloride 1204 Mp 212.0-213.0 C. 1205 C16H18ClNO3. MW 307.78. MS 307.8 (MH). 1206 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.30 (bs, 3H); 7.50 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.38 (dd, 1H, J8.9 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.11 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 7.02 (d, 1H, J3.1 Hz); 6.96 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.86 (dd, 1H, J8.9 Hz, J3.1 Hz); 5.09 (s, 2H); 3.98 (s, 2H); 3.75 (s, 3H); 3.68 (s, 3H).

Preparation W6 1207 5-Chloro-2-(3-chloro-benzyloxy)benzylamine hydrochloride 1208 Mp 164.0-166.0 C. 1209 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.31 (bs, 3H); 7.58 (s 1H); 7.52 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.50-7.37 (mult, 4H); 7.11 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 5.19 (s, 2H); 4.02 (bs, 2H).

Preparation W7 1210 5-Chloro-2-(2-chloro-benzyloxy)benzylamine hydrochloride 1211 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.33 (bs, 3H); 7.85-7.80 (mult, 1H); 7.55-7.45 (mult, 2H); 7.45-7.35 (mult, 3H); 7.17 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 5.22 (s, 2H); 4.00 (d, 2H, J5.2 Hz).

Preparation W8 1212 5-Chloro-2-(tetrahydrofuran-3-ylmethoxy)benzylamine hydrochloride 1213 Mp 105.5-108.0 C. 1214 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.35 (bs, 3H); 7.49 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.37 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.07 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 4.00-3.90 (mult, 4H); 3.80-3.70 (mult, 2H); 3.65-3.60 (mult, 1H); 3.60-3.55 (mult, 1H); 2.75-2.71 (mult, 1H); 2.05-1.95 (mult, 1H); 1.77-1.63 (mult, 1H).

Preparation W9 1215 5-Chloro-2-(4-methyl-benzyloxy)benzylamine hydrochloride 1216 Mp 155.0-157.0 C. 1217 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.33 (bs, 3H); 7.50 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.40-7.35 (mult, 3H); 7.17 (d, 2H, J7.7 Hz); 7.12 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 5.11 (s, 2H); 3.96 (bs, 2H); 2.28 (s, 3H).

Preparation W10 1218 5-Chloro-2-(2-methyl-benzyloxy)benzylamine hydrochloride 1219 Mp 176.0-178.0 C. 1220 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.38 (bs, 3H); 7.53 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.45-7.38 (mult, 2H); 7.25-7.17 (mult, 4H); 5.15 (s, 2H); 3.97 (d, 2H, J5.4 Hz); 2.31 (s, 3H).

Preparation W11 1221 5-Chloro-2-(3-methyl-benzyloxy)benzylamine hydrochloride 1222 Mp 137.0-140.0 C. 1223 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.26 (bs, 3H); 8.49 (d, 1H, J2.5 Hz); 7.39 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.29-7.22 (mult, 3H); 7.12 (d, 2H, J8.9 Hz); 5.12 (s, 2H); 4.02-3.97 (mult, 2H); 2.30 (s, 3H).

Preparation W12 1224 5-Chloro-2-(2-methoxy-benzyloxy)benzylamine hydrochloride 1225 Mp. 199.5-200.5 C. 1226 C15H16ClNO2. MW 277.75. MS 278.1 (MH). 1227 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.37 (bs, 3H); 7.51 (d, 1H, J2.3 Hz); 7.41 (d, 1H, J7.5 Hz); 7.37 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.5 Hz); 7.33 (dd, 1H, J8.3 Hz, J7.5 Hz); 7.12 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 7.04 (d, 1H, J8.3 Hz); 6.94 (t, 1H, J7.5Hz); 5.12 (s, 2H); 3.97 (bs, 2H); 3.81 (s, 3H).

Preparation W13 1228 5-Chloro-2-(furan-3-ylmethoxy)benzylamine hydrochloride 1229 Mp 137.0-140.0 C. 1230 C12H12ClNO2. MW 237.7. MS 238.1 (MH). 1231 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.33 (bs, 3H); 7.80 (s, 1H); 7.66 (s,1H); 7.49 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.39 (dd, 1H, J8.9 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.17 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.62 (s, 1H); 5.03 (s, 2H); 3.92 (quart, 2H, J5.7 Hz).

Preparation W14 1232 5-Chloro-2-(4-methoxy-benzyloxy)benzylamine 1233 Mp 142.0-147.0 C. 1234 C15H16ClNO2. MW 277.75. MS 278.1 (MH). 1235 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO) 8.38 (bs, 2H); 8.25 (bs, 1H); 7.50 (d, 1H, J2.1 Hz); 7.43-7.36 (mult, 3H); 7.14 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.95-6.90 (mult, 2H); 5.07 (s, 2H); 3.96-3.90 (mult, 2H); 3.73 (s, 3H).

Preparation W15 1236 5-Chloro-2-cyclopentylmethoxybenzylamine 1237 Mp 155.0-157.0 C. 1238 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.34 (bs, 3H); 7.47 (d, 1H, J2.5 Hz); 7.36 (dd, 1H, J8.9 Hz, J2.5 Hz); 7.06 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 3.94 (bs, 2H); 3.88 (d, 2H, J6.8 Hz); 2.32 (sept, 1H, J7.5 Hz); 1.80-1.70 (mult, 2H); 1.62-1.45 (mult, 4H); 1.38-1.28 (mult, 2H).

Preparation W16 1239 5-Chloro-2-3-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)benzyloxybenzylamine hydrochloride 1240 C20H25ClN2O3. MW 376.89. MS 377.1 (MH). 1241 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.39 (bs, 3H); 7.51 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.39 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.31 (t, 1H, J7.9 Hz); 7.12 (d, 2H, J8.9 Hz); 7.07 (d, 1H, J7.5 Hz); 6.93 (d, 1H, J8.5 Hz); 5.14 (s, 2H); 4.47-4.27 (mult, 2H); 4.02-3.98 (mult, 2H); 3.98-3.70 (mult, 4H); 3.59-3.39 (mult, 4H); 3.35-3.25 (mult, 2H).

Preparation W17 1242 5-Chloro-2-(tetrahydrofuran-3-ylmethoxy)benzylamine hydrochloride 1243 Mp 105.5-108.0 C. 1244 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.35 (bs, 3H); 7.49 (d, 1H, J 2.7 Hz); 7.37 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.07 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 4.00-3.90 (mult, 4H); 3.80-3.70 (mult, 2H); 3.65-3.60 (mult, 1H); 3.60-3.55 (mult, 1H); 2.75-2.71 (mult, 1H); 2.05-1.95 (mult, 1H); 1.77-1.63 (mult, 1H).

Preparation W18 1245 5-Chloro-2-(tetrahydrofuran-3-ylmethoxy)benzylamine hydrochloride 1246 Mp 105.5-108.0 C. 1247 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.35 (bs, 3H); 7.49 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.37 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.07 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 4.00-3.90 (mult, 4H); 3.80-3.70 (mult, 2H); 3.65-3.60 (mult, 1H); 3.60-3.55 (mult, 1H); 2.75-2.71 (mult, 1H); 2.05-1.95 (mult, 1H); 1.77-1.63 (mult, 1H).

Preparation W19 1248 5-Chloro-2-(furan-2-ylmethoxy)benzylamine hydrochloride 1249 Mp 145.0-150.0 C. 1250 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.35 (bs, 3H); 7.69 (s, 1H); 7.50 (d, 1H, J2.5 Hz); 7.39 (dd, 1H, J8.9 Hz, J1.9 Hz); 7.25 (d, 1H, J8.5 Hz); 6.60 (d, 1H, J3.1 Hz);. 6.46 (bs, 1H); 5.14 (s, 2H); 3.89 (d, 2H, J4.4 Hz).

Preparation W20 1251 5-Chloro-2-(2,2,7,7-tetramethyltetrahydro-bis1,3dioxolo4,5-b;4,5-dpyran-5-ylmethoxy)benzylamine hydrochloride 1252 1H NMMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.23 (bs, 3H); 7.48-7.42 (mult, 1H); 7.34 (dd, 1H, J8.9 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.13 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 5.43 (d, 1H, J5.0 Hz); 4.59 (dd, 1H, J8.1 Hz, J2.3 Hz); 4.36-4.40 (mult, 2H); 4.01 (s, 2H); 4.05-3.80 (mult, 3H); 1.30 (d, 6H, J6.6 Hz); 1.23 (d, 6H, J11.0 Hz).

Preparation W21 1253 5-Chloro-2-(5-dimethylaminomethylfuran-2-ylmethoxy)benzylamine 1254 C15H19ClN2O2. MW 294.78. MS 295.2 (MH). 1255 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.49 (bs, 3H); 7.52 (d, 1H, J2.4 Hz); 7.43 (dd, 1H, J9.0 Hz, J2.4 Hz); 7.29 (d, 1H, J9.0 Hz); 6.77-6.68 (mult, 2H); 5.18 (s, 2H); 4.39-4.34 (mult, 2H); 3.93 (d, 2H, J 5.6 Hz); 2.76-2.61 (mult, 6H).

Preparation W22 1256 5-Chloro-2-(naphthalen-1-ylmethoxy)benzylamine hydrochloride 1257 Mp 196.0-198.0 C. 1258 C18H16ClNO. MW 297.79. MS 297.9 (MH). 1259 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 5 8.35 (bs, 3H); 8.14 (dd, 1H, J8.9 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 8.03-7.92 (mult, 2H); 7.72 (d, 1H, J6.9 Hz); 7.63-7.41 (mult, 5H); 7.40 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 5.66 (s, 2H); 3.95 (d, 2H, J5.6 Hz).

Preparation W23 1260 5-Chloro-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy)benzylamine hydrochloride 1261 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.35 (bs, 3H); 7.54-7.47 (mult, 3H); 7.46-7.35 (mult, 3H); 7.10 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 5.16 (s, 2H); 3.99 (bs, 2H).

Preparation W24 1262 5-Chloro-2-(2,5-dimethylfuran-3-ylmethoxy)benzylamine 1263 Using a modified Preparation W1, wherein instead of making the hydrochloride salt, the title compound was isolated as the free base 5-chloro-2-(2,5-dimethylfuran-3-ylmethoxy)benzonitrile was converted to the title compound. Thus, after the NaOH quench and filter, the solids were washed with THF. The filtrate was concentrated on the rotary evaporator to yield the title compound as a pale yellow oil. 1264 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.31 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.15 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 6.98 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.00 (s, 1H); 4.78 (s, 2H); 3.56 (s, 2H); 2.18 (s, 3H); 2.14 (s, 3H); 1.65 (bs, 2H).

Preparation W25 1265 5-Chloro-2-methoxybenzylamine 1266 Using a modified Preparation W1, wherein instead of making the hydrochloride salt, the title compound was isolated as the free base, 5-chloro-2-methoxybenzonitrile and was converted to the title compound. Thus, after the NaOH quench and filter, the solids were washed with THF. The filtrate was concentrated on the rotary evaporator. The resulting viscous oil was then taken up in Et2O (100 mL) and water (100 mL). After separating the layers, the aqueous layer was extracted twice more with Et2O. The combined organic layers were washed with aqueous saturated NaCl, dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and the solvent removed by rotary evaporation to yield the title compound as a pale yellow oil. 1267 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.43-7.38 (mult, 1H); 7.25-7.15 (mult, 1H); 6.92 (td, 1H, J11 Hz, J8.7 Hz ); 3.75 (d, 3H, J7.2 Hz); 3.65-3.55 (mult, 2H); 1.72 (bs, 2H).

Preparation W26 1268 3-(2-Morpholin4-yl-ethoxy)phenylmethanol 1269 Using a modified Preparation W1, wherein instead of adding the aqueous hydrochloride solution, the title compound was extracted as the alcohol, 3-(2-morpholin4-yl-ethoxy)benzaldehyde and was converted to the title compound. Thus, after the NaOH quench and filter, the solids were washed with THF. The filtrate was concentrated on the rotary evaporator. The resulting viscous oil was then taken up in Et2O (100 mL) and water (100 mL). After separating the layers, the aqueous layer was extracted twice more with Et2O. The combined organic layers were washed with aqueous saturated NaCl, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and the solvent removed by rotary evaporation to yield the title compound as a pale yellow oil. 1270 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.18 (t, 1H, J 7.9 Hz); 6.87-6.81 (mult, 2H); 6.76 (d, 1H, J8.1 Hz); 5.17-5.09 (mult, 1H); 4.43 (d, 2H, J5.6 Hz); 4.04 (t, 2H, J5.6 Hz); 3.59-3.51 (mult, 4H); 2.70-2.62 (mult, 2H); 2.50-2.38 (mult, 4H).

Preparation X1 1271 5-Chloro-2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-ylmethoxy)benzylamine 1272 To a flask containing anhydrous 2-propanol (40 mL), hydrazine hydrate (4 mL, and anhydrous THF (60 mL), at room temperature, was added 2-5-chloro-2-(3-methyl isoxazol-5ylmethoxy) benzylisoindole-1,3-dione (5 g, 13 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 50 C. for 3 h. The solids were filtered and washed with THF. The filtrate was concentrated, dissolved in ether (100 ml) and washed with 1N NaOH (1X) and brine, dried (MgSO4), filtered and concentrated to afford the title product as a solid. 1273 Mp 32.0-35.0 C.; C12H13ClN2O2. MW 252.70. MS 253.1 (MH). 1274 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.37 (d, 1H, J2.6 Hz); 7.18 (dd, 1H, J8.8 Hz, J2.6 Hz); 7.04 (d, 1H, J8.8 Hz); 6.42 (s, 1H); 5.21 (s, 2H); 3.60 (s, 2H); 2.18 (s, 3H); 1.71 (bs, 2H). 1275 The following compounds, Preparations X1-X6, were prepared from the appropriate phthalimide using analogous procedures to Preparation X1.

Preparation X2 1276 5-Chloro-2-(pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)benzylamine 1277 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.63 (d, 1H, J1.5 Hz); 8.50 (dd, 1H, J4.8 Hz, J1.5 Hz); 7.83 (dd, 1H, J6.0 Hz, J3.1 Hz); 7.42-7.35 (mult, 2H); 7.20 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.9 Hz); 7.02 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 5.13 (s, 2H); 3.67 (s, 2H).

Preparation X3 1278 5-Chloro-2-(thiazol-2-ylmethoxy)benzylamine 1279 Mp 74.0-76.0 C. 1280 C11H11ClN2OS. MW 254.74. MS 255.1 (MH). 1281 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.80 (d, 1H, J3.3 Hz); 7.74 (d, 1H, J3.3 Hz); 7.39 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.19 (dd, 1H, J8.3 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.05 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 5.41 (s, 2H); 3.68 (s, 2H); 1.78 (bs, 2H).

Preparation X4 1282 2-(Benzothiazol-2-ylmethoxy)-5-chlorobenzylamine 1283 Mp 72.0-79.0 1284 C15H13ClN2OS. MW 304.80. MS 305.1 (MH). 1285 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.09 (d, 1H, J7.9 Hz); 7.97 (d, 1H, J7.9 Hz); 7.49 (dd, 1H, J8.1 Hz, J7.3 Hz); 7.44-7.39 (mult, 2H); 7.20 (dd, 1H, J8.6 Hz, J2.6 Hz); 7.07 (d, 1H, J8.6 Hz); 5.57 (s, 2H); 3.75 (s, 2H); 1.83 (bs, 2H).

Preparation X5 1286 2-(Benzofuran-2-ylmethoxy)-5-chlorobenzylamine 1287 Mp 75.5-77.0 C. 1288 C16H14ClNO2. MW 287.75. MS 288.0 (MH). 1289 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.60 (d, 1H, J7.9 Hz); 7.54 (d, 1H, J7.9 Hz); 7.36 (d, 1H, J2.1 Hz); 7.28 (t, 1H, J7.3 Hz); 7.25-7.16 (mult, 2H); 7.13 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 6.99 (s, 1H); 5.25 (s, 2H); 3.61 (s, 2H); 1.78 (bs, 2H).

Preparation X6 1290 5-Chloro-2-(thiophen-2-ylmethoxy)benzylamine 1291 C12H12ClNOS. MW 253.75. MS 254.0 (MH). 1292 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.53 (dd, 1H, J5.0 Hz, J1.2 Hz); 7.40-7.36 (mult, 1H); 7.22-7.16 (mult; 2H); 7.07 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.3 Hz); 7.04-7.36 (mult, 1H); 5.29 (s, 2H); 3.62 (s, 2H); 1.79 (bs, 2H).

Preparation Y1 1293 5-Chloro-2-(isothiazol-5-ylmethoxy)benzylamine 1294 To a mixture of 2-5-chloro-2-(isothiazol-5ylmethoxy)benzylisoindole-1,3-dione (464 mg, 1.20 mmol), 2-propanol (20 mL), water (2.5 mL), and THF (25 mL) was added NaBH4 (295 mg, 7.80 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The organic solvent was then removed by rotary evaporation and the resulting oil was taken up in CH2Cl2 (50 mL). The organic layer was washed with water (50 mL), saturated aqueous NaCl (50 mL), dried over NaSO4, filtered, and concentrated on a rotary evaporator. This material was taken up in 2-propanol (20 mL), glacial acetic acid (1.2 mL), and water (1.0 mL) and the reaction was heated to 80 C. in a sealed tube for 24 h. The organic solvent was then removed by rotary evaporation and the resulting oil was taken up in CH2Cl2 (50 mL). The organic layer was washed with water (50 mL), saturated aqueous NaCi (50 mL), dried over NaSO4, filtered, and concentrated on a rotary evaporator to afford the title compound. 1295 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.50 (s, 1H); 7.42-7.38 (mult, 2H); 7.19 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.02 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 5.50 (s, 2H); 3.65 (s, 2H); 1.73 (bs, 2H). 1296 The following compounds, Preparations Y2-Y3, were prepared from the appropriate azide using analogous procedures to Preparation Y1.

Preparation Y2 1297 5-Chloro-2-(quinolin-2-ylmethoxy)benzylamine 1298 C17H15ClN2O. MW 298.77. MS 299.2 (MH). 1299 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.40 (d, 1H, J8.5 Hz); 8.03-7.96 (mult, 2H); 7.76 (t, 1H, J6.8 Hz); 7.65 (d, 1H, J8.3 Hz); 7.60 (t 1H, J6.8 Hz); 7.42 (s, 1H); 7.18 (d, 1H, J8.5 Hz); 7.01 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 5.37 (s, 2H); 3.78 (s, 2H).

Preparation Y3 1300 5-Chloro-2-(4-methyl-1,2,3thiadiazol-5-ylmethoxy) benzylamine 1301 Mp 64.0-66.0 C. 1302 C11H12ClN3OS. MW 269.75. MS 270.1 (MH). 1303 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.42 (d, 1H, J2.3 Hz); 7.25 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.3 Hz); 7.10 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 5.53 (s, 2H); 3.65 (s, 2H); 2.66 (s, 3H); 1.84 (bs, 2H).

Preparation Z1 1304 2-Benzyloxy-5-cyano-benzylamine 1305 Triphenylphosphine (1.64 g, 6.24 mmol) was added to a solution of 2-benzyloxy-5-cyano-benzylazide (1.1 g, 4.16 mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 mL) at 0 C. After 1 hour, ammonium hydroxide (0.5 mL) was added and the mixture was warmed to room temperature and stirred overnight. The mixture was concentrated and the residue purified by flash chromatography (3% methanol/dichloromethane) to afford 677 mg (69%) of the title compound as a colorless oil. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 7.6-7.3 (m, 7H); 6.95 (d, 1H, J9.1 Hz); 5.18 (s, 2H); 3.9 (s, 2H). 1306 The following compounds, Preparations Z2-Z4, were prepared from the appropriate azide using analogous procedures to Preparation Z1.

Preparation Z2 1307 2-Benzyloxy-5-ethenyl-benzylamine

Preparation Z3 1308 2-Benzyloxy-5-ethynyl-benzylamine

Preparation Z4 1309 (2-Aminomethyl4-chloro-phenoxy)-acetonitrile

Preparation AA1 1310 2-Benzyloxy-5-trifluoromethyl-benzylamine LAH (136 mg, 3.58 mmol) was added to a solution of 2-benzyloxy-5-trifluoromethyl-benzylazide (1.1 g, 3.58 mmol) at 0 C. After 1 hour, the reaction was quenched by the sequential addition of water (136 L), 15% NaOH (136 L), and water (400 L), the mixture was diluted with dichloromethane and dried with MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (3% methanol/dichloromethane) to afford 825 mg (82%) of the title compound as a colorless oil. MS 282 (MH). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 7.6-7.3 (m, 7H); 6.92 (d, 1H, J9.1 Hz); 5.18 (s, 2H); 3.9 (s, 2H); 2.65 (bs, 2H). 1311 The following compounds, Preparations AA2-M5, were prepared from the appropriate azide using analogous procedures to Preparation AA1.

Preparation AA2 1312 2-Benzyloxy-5-bromo-benzylamine

Preparation AA3 1313 2-Benzyloxy-5-fluoro-benzylamine

Preparation AA4 1314 2-Benzyloxy-5-iodo-benzylamine

Preparation AA5 1315 2-Benzyloxy-5-methyl-benzylamine

Preparation BB1 1316 2-Benzyloxy-5-trifluoromethyl-benzylazide 1317 DBU (1 mL, 6.62 mmol) and diphenyl phosphoryl azide (1.6 mL, 7.5 mmol) were added to a solution of 2-benzyloxy-5-trifluoromethyl-benzyl alcohol (1.24 g, 4.41 mmol) in anhydrous toluene (10 mL) at room temperature. After 3 hours, water was added and the mixture extracted with ethyl acetate.(3). The combined organic layers were washed with 1N HCl (1), brine (1), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (3% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to afford 1.14 grams of the title compound as a colorless oil (84%). MS 280 (M-N2). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 7.6-7.3 (m, 7H); 7.01 (d, 1H, J9.1 Hz); 5.18 (s, 2H); 4.42 (s, 2H). 1318 The following compounds, Preparations BB2-BB7, were prepared from the appropriate alcohol using analogous procedures to Preparation BB1.

Preparation BB2 1319 2-Benzyloxy-5-bromo-benzylazide

Preparation BB3 1320 2-Benzyloxy-5-fluoro-benzylazide

Preparation BB4 1321 2-Benzyloxy-5-methyl-benzylazide

Preparation BB5 1322 2-Benzyloxy-5-cyano-benzylazide

Preparation BB6 1323 2-Benzyloxy-5-iodo-benzylazide

Preparation BB7 1324 (2-Azidomethyl-4-chloro-phenoxy)-acetonitrile

Preparation CC1 1325 2-Benzyloxy-5-trifluoromethyl-benzylalcohol 1326 Cesium carbonate (2.24 g, 6.9 mmol) was added to a solution of 2-hydroxy-5-trifluoromethyl-benzyl alcohol (885 mg, 4.6 mmol) and benzyl bromide (547 L, 4.6 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (8 mL) at room temperature. The reaction was heated to 50 C. for 2 hours, cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate (25 mL) and washed with water (325 mL), brine (125 mL), and dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated to afford 1.3 g of the title compound as a colorless solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 7.6-7.3 (m, 7H); 7.01 (d, 1H, J9.1 Hz); 5.18 (s, 2H); 4.79 (s, 2H); 2.8 (bs, 1H).

Preparation DD1 1327 2-Hydroxy-5-trifluoromethyl-benzyl alcohol 1328 Paraformaldehyde (3.4 g, 0.114 mol) was added in 0.5 9 portions over a six hour period to a refluxing mixture of 4-trifluoromethyl phenol (2.3 g, 0.0142 mol), phenyl boronic acid (2.1 g, 0.017 mol) and proprionic acid (530 ML, 7 mmol) in benzene with the azeotropic removal of water (Dean-Stark trap). When the addition was complete, the reaction was heated for an additional hour, then cooled with an ice bath, diluted with THF (30 mL) and treated with 5 mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide solution. After stirring for one hour, the mixture was partitioned between water (50 mL) and ethyl acetate (50 mL). The organic layer was washed with NaHSO3 solution (150 mL), brine (150 mL), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (30% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to afford 950 mg (35%) of the title compound as a colorless solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 8 7.42 (d, 1H, J9.1 Hz); 7.3 (s, 1H); 6.95 (d, 1H, J9.1 Hz); 4.89 (s, 2H); 1329 The following compound, Preparation DD2, was prepared from the appropriate phenol using analogous procedures to Preparation DD1.

Preparation DD2 1330 2-Hydroxy-5-cyano-benzyl alcohol

Preparation EE1 1331 2-Benzyloxy-5-fluoro benzyl alcohol 1332 LAH (226 mg, 5.95 mmol) was added to a solution of 2-benzyloxy-5-fluoro-benzoic acid benzyl ester (2 g, 5.95 mmol) at 0 C. The reaction was warmed to room temperature and after 1 hour, the reaction was quenched by the sequential addition of water (226 L), 15% NaOH (226 L), and water (760 L), the mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and dried with MgSO4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (10% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to afford 1.13 g (82%) of the title compound as a colorless solid. MS 250 (MNH4). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 7.4 (m, 5H); 7.05 (dd, 1H, J 9.1, 4.3 Hz); 6.92 (m, 2H); 5.08 (s, 2H); 4.65 (s, 2H); 2.2 (bs, 1H). 1333 The following compounds, Preparations EE2-EE3, were prepared from the appropriate starting material using analogous procedures to Preparation EE1.

Preparation EE2 1334 2-Benzyloxy-5-iodo-benzyl alcohol

Preparation EE3 1335 2-Benzyloxy-5-methyl-benzyl alcohol

Preparation FF1 1336 2-Benzyloxy-5-ethynyl-benzyl azide and 2-benzyloxy-5-ethenyl-benzyl azide 1337 Lithium aluminum hydride (95 mg, 2.49 mmol) was added to a solution of 2-benzyloxy-5-ethynyl-benzoic acid benzyl ester (680 mg, 1.99 mmol) in THF (5 mL) at 0 C. After 15 minutes, the reaction was quenched by the sequential addition of water (100 L), 15% NaOH (100 L), and water (300 L). The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (10 mL) and dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (10% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to afford 600 mg of a 1:1 mixture of 2-benzyloxy-5-ethynyl-benzyl alcohol and 2-benzyloxy-5-ethenyl-benzyl alcohol. This mixture was dissolved in toluene (8 mL) and treated with DBU (0.7 mL, 4.52 mmol) and diphenyl phosphoryl azide (1.1 mL, 5.12 mmol) at room temperature. After 18 hours, water was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3). The combined organic layers were washed with 1N HCl (1), brine (1), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (3.5% THF/hexanes) and the mixed fractions were rechromatographed with 3% ether/pet ether to afford 206 mg of 2-benzyloxy-5-ethenyl-benzyl azide as the faster eluting fraction. MS 238 (M-N2). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 7.4 (m, 7H); 6.95 (d, 1H, J9.1 Hz); 6.62 (dd, 1H, J17.5, 10.5 Hz); 5.61 (d, 1H, J17.5 Hz); 5.15 (m, 3H); 4.40 (s, 2H). 1338 Further elution provided 135 mg of 2-benzyloxy-5-ethynyl-benzyl azide. MS 236 (MN2)30 . 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 7.4 (m, 7H); 7.95 (d, 1H, J9.1 Hz); 5.1 (s, 2H); 4.39 (s, 2H); 3.0 (s, 1H).

Preparation GG1 1339 2-Benzyloxy-5-ethynyl-benzoic acid benzyl ester 1340 Tetra-butyl ammonium fluoride (2.97 mL of a 1M solution in THF, 2.97 mmol) was added to a solution of 2-benzyloxy-5-(2-trimethylsilyl-ethynyl)-benzoic acid benzyl ester (1.07 g, 2.58 mmol) in THF (10 mL) at room temperature. After 30 minutes, the mixture was diluted with ether (20 mL) and washed with water (330 mL) and brine (130 mL), dried (MgSO4), filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (5% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to afford 687 mg (78%) product as a light orange oil. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 7.98 (d, 1H, J2 Hz); 7.52 (dd, 1H, J9.1, 1 Hz); 7.38 (m, 10H); 6.95 (d, 1H, J9.1 Hz); 5.35 (s, 2H); 5.19 (s, 2H); 3.0 (s, 1H).

Preparation HH1 1341 2-Benzyloxy-5-(2-trimethylsilyl-ethynyl)-benzoic acid benzyl ester 1342 Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 (194 mg, 0.277 mmol), copper iodide (106 mg, 0.554 mmol) and triethylamine (0.8 mL, 5.44 mmol) were added to a solution of 2-benzyloxy-5-iodo-benzoic acid benzyl ester (1.23 g, 2.77 mmol) and trimethylsilyl acetylene (0.5 mL, 3.32 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (15 mL) at room temperature. The flask was covered with aluminum foil and stirred overnight. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (50 mL) and washed with water (3), 1N HCl (1) and brine (1), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (5% ethyl acetate/hexanes) to afford 1.07 g (93%) of the title compound as an oil. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 7.98 (d, 1H, J2 Hz); 7.52 (dd, 1H, J9.1, 1 Hz); 7.38 (m, 10H); 6.95 (d, 1H, J9.1 Hz); 5.31 (s, 2H); 5.17 (s, 2H); 0.1 (s, 9H).

Preparation II1 1343 2-Benzyloxy-5-fluoro-benzoic acid benzyl ester. 1344 Benzyl bromide (0.86 mL, 7.2 mmol) and cesium carbonate (2.6 g, 8 mmol) were added to a solution of 2-hydroxy-5-fluoro-benzoic acid (0.5 g, 3.2 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (8 mL) at room temperature. The reaction was heated to 80 C. for two hours, cooled and diluted with water (50 mL). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (340 mL) and the combined organic layers were washed with water (150 mL) and brine (150 mL), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated to afford 1.02 g of the title compound as a colorless oil (93%). MS: 337 (MH). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 7.55 (dd, 1H, J8.7, 3.1 Hz); 7.35 (m, 10OH); 7.1 (m, 1H); 6.97 (dd, 1H, J9.1, 4.3 Hz); 5.3 (s, 2H); 5.1 (s, 2H). 1345 The following compounds, Preparations 112-113, were prepared from the appropriate starting material using analogous procedures to Preparation II1.

Preparation II2 1346 2-Benzyloxy-5-iodo-benzoic acid benzyl ester.

Preparation II3 1347 2-Benzyloxy-5-methyl-benzoic acid benzyl ester.

Preparation JJ1 1348 2-Benzyloxy-5-bromo-benzyl alcohol. 1349 Sodium borohydride (339 mg, 8.93 mmol) was added to a solution of 2-benzyloxy-5-bromo-benzaldehyde (2.6 g, 8.93 mmol) in anhydrous ethanol (20 mL) at 0 C. The reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature and, after 3 hours, the mixture was concentrated and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 mL) and washed with water (125 mL), 1N HCl solution (125 mL) and brine (125 mL). The solution was dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (8% ethyl acetate/hexane) to afford 2.58 g of the title compound as a colorless oil (98%). 1350 MS 292 (MH). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 7.39 (m, 7H); 6.9 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 5.06 (s, 2H); 4.62 (s, 2H); 2.2 (bs, 1H).

Preparation KK1 1351 2-Benzyloxy-5-bromo-benzaldehyde. 1352 Benzyl bromide (18 mL, 14.9 mmol) and cesium carbonate (8.1 g, 24.9 mmol) were added to a solution of 2-hydroxy-5-bromo benzaldehyde 2 g, 9.95 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (25 mL) at room temperature. The reaction was heated to 80 C. for two hours, cooled and diluted with water (50 mL). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (340 mL) and the combined organic layers were washed with water (150 mL) and brine (150 mL), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (10% ethyl acetate/hexane) to afford 2.67 g of the title compound as a colorless oil (92%). MS: 291 (MH). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 7.94 (s, 1H); 7.6 (dd, 1H, J8.9, 2.7 Hz); 7.39 (m, 6H); 6.92 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 5.18 (s, 2H).

Preparation LL1 1353 2-5-Chloro-2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-ylmethoxy) benzylisoindole-1 ,3-dione 1354 To a mixture of 2-5-chloro-2-hydroxy benzylisoindole-1,3-dione (800 mg, 2.78 mmol), 5-hydroxymethyl-3-methyl-isoxazole (373 mg, 3.3 mmol), and triphenylphosphine (1.0 g, 4.2 mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 mL) was added diethylazodicarboxylate (0.657 mL, 4.7 mmol). The solution was stirred for 15 h at room temperature under anhydrous conditions. The solvent was then removed by rotary evaporation and the product was preadsorbed onto silica gel and purified by flash chromatography to afford the title compound (555 mg, 52%). 1355 C20H15ClN2O4. MW 382.81. MS 382.2 (MH). 1356 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.85-7.79 (mult, 4H); 7.28 (dd, 1H, J8.8 Hz, J2.6 Hz); 7.18 (d, 1H, J2.6 Hz); 7.16 (d, 1H, J8.8 Hz); 6.39 (s, 1H); 5.25 (s, 2H); 4.67 (s, 2H); 2.17 (s, 3H). 1357 The following compounds, Preparations LL2-LL32, were prepared from the starting material by reaction with the appropriate alcohol using analogous procedures to Preparation LL1.

Preparation LL2 1358 5-Chloro-2-(2-morpholin4-yl-ethoxy)benzonitrile 1359 Mp 78.0-80.0 C. 1360 C13H15ClN2O2. MW 266.73. MS 267.2 (MH)30 . 1361 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) 7.55-7.45 (mult, 2H); 6.92 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 4.20 (t, 2H, J5.6 Hz); 3.72 (t, 4H, J4.6 Hz); 2.86 (t, 2H, J5.6 Hz); 2.62 (t, 4H, J4.6 Hz).

Preparation LL3 1362 2-Benzyloxy-5-chlorobenzonitrile 1363 Mp 75.0-76.5 C. 1364 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.88 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.68 (dd, 1H, J9.1 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.45-7.36 (mult, 4H); 7.35-7.28 (mult, 2H); 5.25 (s, 2H).

Preparation LL4 1365 5-Chloro-2-cyclobutylmethoxybenzonitrile 1366 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.84 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.65 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.45 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 4.06 (d, 2H, J6.4 Hz); 2.75-2.63 (mult, 1H); 2.05-1.95 (mult, 2H); 1.92-1.75 (mult, 4H).

Preparation LL5 1367 5-Chloro-2-(3-methoxy-benzyloxy)benzonitrile 1368 Mp 90.0-92.0 C. 1369 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.91 (d, 1H, J2.5 Hz); 7.70 (dd, 1H, J8.9 Hz, J2.5 Hz); 7.35-7.25 (mult, 2H); 7.05-6.95 (mult, 2H); 6.88 (dd, 1H, J8.3 Hz, J2.5 Hz); 5.25 (s, 2H); 3.73 (s, 3H).

Preparation LL6 1370 5-Chloro-2-(2,5-dimethoxy-benzyloxy)benzonitrile 1371 Mp 99.0-102.0 C. 1372 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.90 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.69 (dd, 1H, J8.9 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.33 (d, 1H, J9.1 Hz); 7.02 (d, 1H, J3.1 Hz); 6.97 (d, 1H, J8.9 Hz); 6.87 (dd, 1H, J8.9 Hz, J3.1 Hz); 5.17 (s, 2H); 3.75 (s, 3H); 3.68 (s, 3H).

Preparation LL7 1373 5-Chloro-2-(3-chloro-benzyloxy)benzonitrile 1374 Mp 101.0-104.0 C. 1375 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.93 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.73 (dd, 1H, J8.9 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.53 (d, 1H, J1.5 Hz); 7.47-7.36 (mult, 2H); 7.33 (d, 1H, J9.1 Hz); 7.25-6.95 (mult, 1 H); 5.30 (s, 2H).

Preparation LL8 1376 5-Chloro-2-(4-chloro-benzyloxy)benzonitrile 1377 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.92 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.71 (dd, 1H, J9.1 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.46 (s, 4H); 7.33 (d, 1H, J9.1 Hz); 5.27. (s, 2H).

Preparation LL9 1378 5-Chloro-2-(2-chloro-benzyloxy)benzonitrile 1379 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.93 (d, 1H, J2.6 Hz); 7.73 (dd, 1H, J9.1 Hz, J2.6 Hz); 7.64-7.59 (mult, 1H); 7.54-7.49 (mult, 1H); 7.45-7.37 (mult, 3H); 5.32 (s, 2H).

Preparation LL10 1380 5-Chloro-2-(tetrahydrofuran-3-ylmethoxy)benzonitrile 1381 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.89 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.70 (dd, 1H, J9.1 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.28 (d, 1H, J9.1 Hz); 4.13-4.00 (mult, 2H); 3.80-3.70 (mult, 2H); 3.65 (dd, 1H, J7.7 Hz, J6.6 Hz); 3.55-3.50 (mult, 1H); 2.70-2.60 (mult, 1H); 2.05-1.95 (mult, 1H); 1.70-1.61 (mult, 1H).

Preparation LL11 1382 5-Chloro-2-(4-methyl-benzyloxy)benzonitrile 1383 Mp 106.0-108.0 C. 1384 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.89 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.69 (dd, 1H, J9.1 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.35-7.30 (mult, 3H); 7.19 (d, 2H, J8.1 Hz); 5.21 (s, 2H); 2.28 (s, 3H).

Preparation LL12 1385 5-Chloro-2-(2-methyl-benzyloxy)benzonitrile 1386 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.88 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.70 (dd, 1H, J9.1 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.39 (d, 2H, J9.1 Hz); 7.25-7.15 (mult, 3H); 5.23 (s, 2H); 2.30 (s, 3H).

Preparation LL13 1387 5-Chloro-2-(3-methyl-benzyloxy)benzonitrile 1388 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.91 (d, 1H, J2.5 Hz); 7.71 (dd, 1H, J9.2 Hz, J2.5 Hz); 7.40-7.12 (mult, 5H); 5.24 (s, 2H); 2.31 (s, 3H).

Preparation LL14 1389 5-Chloro-2-(2-methoxy-benzyloxy)benzonitrile 1390 Mp 114.0-115.0 C. 1391 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.89 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.69 (dd, 1H, J9.1 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.40 (d, 1H, J7.5 Hz); 7.39-7.31 (mult, 2H); 7.05 (d, 1H, J8.3 Hz); 6.97 (t, 1H, J7.5 Hz); 5.20 (s, 2H); 3.80 (s, 3H).

Preparation LL15 1392 5-Chloro-2-(furan-3-ylmethoxy)benzonitrile 1393 Mp 72.0-74.0 C. 1394 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.89 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.81 (s, 1H); 7.73-7.67 (mult, 2H); 7.38 (d, 1H, J9.1 Hz); 6.56 (s, 1H); 5.13 (s, 2H).

Preparation LL16 1395 5-Chloro-2-(4-methoxy-benzyloxy)benzonitrile 1396 Mp 84.0-85.0 C. 1397 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.88 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.69 (dd, 1H, J9.1 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.41-7.30 (mult, 3H); 6.98-6.92 (mult, 2H); 5.18 (s, 2H); 3.73 (s, 3H).

Preparation LL17 1398 5-Chloro-2-cyclopentylmethoxybenzonitrile. 1399 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.86 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.67 (dd, 1H, J9.1 Hz, J27 Hz); (d, 1H, J9.1 Hz); 3.99 (d, 2H, J6.8 Hz); 2.30 (sept, 1H, J7.4 Hz); 1.80-1.68 (mult, 2H); 1.65-1.48 (mult, 4H); 1.38-1.26 (mult, 2H).

Preparation LL18 1400 3-(2-Morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)benzaldehyde 1401 C13H17NO3. MW 235.29. MS 236.1 (MH). 1402 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 9.94 (s, 1H); 7.51-7.43 (mult, 2H); 7.42 (bs, 1H) 7.29-7.22 (mult, 1H); 4.14 (t, 2H, J5.6 Hz); 3.55 (t, 4H, J3.7 Hz); 2.72-2.63 (mult, 2H); 2.50-2.43 (mult, 4H).

Preparation LL19 1403 5-Chloro-2-3-(2-morpholin-4-yl-ethoxy)benzyloxybenzonitrile 1404 C20H21ClN2O3. MW 372.86. MS 373.1 (MH). 1405 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.89 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.68 (dd, 1H, J9.1 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.29 (d, 1H, J9.1 Hz); 7.25 (d, 1H, J7.7 Hz); 7.00 (bs, 1H); 6.96 (d, 1H, J7.5 Hz); 6.87 (d, 1H, J7.5 Hz); 5.21 (s, 2H); 4.04 (t, 2H, J5.8 Hz); 3.57-3.49 (mult, 4H); 2.67-2.58 (mult, 2H); 2.42-2.38 (mult, 4H).

Preparation LL20 1406 5-Chloro-2-(tetrahydrofuran-3-ylmethoxy)benzonitrile 1407 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.89 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.70 (dd, 1H, J9.1 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.28 (d, 1H, J9.1 Hz); 4.13-4.00 (mult, 2H); 3.80-3.70 (mult, 2h); 3.65 (dd, 1H, J7.7 Hz, J6.6 Hz); 3.55-3.50 (mult, 1H); 2.70-2.60 (mult, 1H); 2.05-1.95 (mult, 1H); 1.70-1.61 (mult, 1H).

Preparation LL21 1408 5-Chloro-2-(tetrahydrofuran-3-ylmethoxy)benzonitrile 1409 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.89 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.70 (dd, 1H, J9.1 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.28 (d, 1H, J9.1 Hz); 4.13-4.00 (mult, 2H); 3.80-3.70 (mult, 2H); 3.65 (dd, 1H, J7.7 Hz, J6.6 Hz); 3.55-3.50. (mult, 1H); 2.70-2.60 (mult, 1H); 2.05-1.95 (mult, 1H); 1.70-1.61 (mult, 1H).

Preparation LL22 1410 5-Chloro-2-(furan-2-ylmethoxy)benzonitrile 1411 Mp 85.0-88.0 C. 1412 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.89 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.78-7.69 (mult, 2H); 7.44 (d, 1H, J9.1 Hz); 6.64 (d, 1H, J3.1 Hz); 6.46 (bs, 1H); 5.25 (s, 2H).

Preparation LL23 1413 5-Chloro-2-(2,2,7,7-tetramethyltetrahydro-bis1,3dioxolo4,5-b;4,5-dpyran-5-ylmethoxy)benzonitrile 1414 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.88 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.67 (dd, 1H, J9.1 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.31 (d, 1H, J9.1 Hz); 5.44 (d, 1H, J5.0 Hz); 4.64 (dd, 1H, J7.9 Hz, J1.9 Hz); 4.37-4.32 (mult, 2H); 4.30 (dd, 1H, J10.4 Hz, J4.2 Hz); 4.19-4.11 (mult, 1H); 4.08-4.02 (mult, 1H); 1.34 (d, 6H, J1.5 Hz); 1.26 (d, 6H, j10.2 Hz).

Preparation LL24 1415 5-Chloro-2-(2,5-dimethylfuran-3-ylmethoxy)benzonitrile 1416 Mp 103.0-105.0 C. 1417 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.87 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.70 (dd, 1H, J9.1 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.33 (d, 1H, J9.1 Hz); 6.03 (s, 1H); 5.00 (s, 2H); 2.23 (s, 3H); 2.17 (s, 3H).

Preparation LL25 1418 5-Chloro-2-(5-dimethylaminomethylfuran-2-ylmethoxy) benzonitrile 1419 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.86 (dd, 1H, J2.7 Hz, J1.0 Hz); 7.69 (ddd, 1H, J9.1 Hz, J2.7 Hz, J1.0 Hz); 7.40(d, 1H, J9.1 Hz); 6.54 (d, 1H, J3.1 Hz); 6.23 (d, 1H, J3.1 Hz); 5.18 (s, 2H); 3.36 (s, 2H); 2.06 (d, 6H, J1.0 Hz).

Preparation LL26 1420 2-5-Chloro-2-(thiazol-2-ylmethoxy)benzylisoindole-1,3-dione 1421 Mp 205.0-205.5 1422 C19H13ClN2O3S. MW 384.84. MS 385.1 (MH). 1423 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.90-7.80 (mult, 4H); 7.78 (d, 1H, J3.1 Hz); 7.74 (d, 1H, J3.1 Hz); 7.29 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.5 Hz); 7.19 (d, 1H, J2.5 Hz); 7.16 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 5.48 (s, 2H); 4.74 (s, 2H).

Preparation LL27 1424 2-2-(Benzofuran-2-ylmethoxy)-5-chloro-benzylisoindole-1,3-dione 1425 Mp 155.0-156.0 C. 1426 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.83-7.75 (mult, 4H); 7.59 (d, 1H, J7.5 Hz); 7.37 (d, 1H, J7.5 Hz); 7.33-7.17 (mult, 5H); 6.98 (s, 1H); 5.29 (s, 2H); 4.69 (s, 2H).

Preparation LL28 1427 2-5-Chloro-2-(isothiazol-5-ylmethoxy)benzylisoindole-1,3-dione 1428 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.48 (s, 1H); 7.89-7.79 (mult, 4H); 7.42 (s, 1H); 7.30 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.5 Hz); 7.20 (d, 1H, J2.5 Hz); 7.14 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 5.56 (s, 2H); 4.73 (s, 2H).

Preparation LL29 1429 2-5-Chloro-2-(thiophen-2-ylmethoxy)benzylisoindole-1,3-dione 1430 Mp 135.0-137.0 C. 1431 C20H14ClNO3S. MW 383.86. MS 383.1 (MH). 1432 1H MNR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.84-7.78 (mult, 4H); 7.47 (dd, 1H, J5.0 Hz, J1.2 Hz); 7.27-7.22 (mult, 1H), 7.19-7.12 (mult, 3H); 6.95 (dd, 1H, J5.0 Hz, j3.5 Hz); 5.31 (s, 2H); 4.65 (s, 2H).

Preparation LL30 1433 2-5-Chloro-2-(quinolin-2-ylmethoxy)benzylisoindole-1,3-dione 1434 Mp 190.0-192.0 C. 1435 C25H17ClN2O3. MW 428.89. MS 429.1 (MH). 1436 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) 8.20 (d, 1H, J.8.5 Hz); 8.06 (d, 1H, J8.5 Hz); 7.90-7.80 (mult, 3H); 7.79-7.67 (mult, 4H); 7.56 (t, 1H, J7.3 Hz); 7.17-7.08 (mult, 2H); 6.86 (d, 1H, J8.5 Hz); 5.42 (s, 2H); 5.02 (s, 2H).

Preparation LL31 1437 2-5-Chloro-2-(4-methyl-1,2,3thiadiazol-5-ylmethoxy)benzylisoindole-1,3-dione 1438 Mp 205.0-208.0 C. 1439 C19H14ClN3O3S. MW 399.86. MS 400.1 (MH). 1440 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 7.82 (s, 4H); 7.36 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 7.26 (bs, 1H); 7.19 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 5.55 (s, 2H); 4.69 (s, 2H); 2.61 (s, 3H).

Preparation LL32 1441 5-Chloro-2-(naphthalen-1-ylmethoxy)benzonitrile 1442 Mp 128.0-130.0 C. 1443 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.12-8.05 (mult, 1H); 7.97-7.85 (mult, 3H); 7.74 (dd, 1H, J9.1 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.68 (d, 1H, J6.9 Hz); 7.60-7.44 (mult, 4H); 5.71 (s, 2H).

Preparation MM1 1444 2-5-Chloro-2-(pyridin-3-ylmethoxy)benzylisoindole-1,3-dione 1445 To a solution of 2-5-chloro-2-hydroxy benzylisoindole-1,3-dione (300 mg, 1.04 mmol), and 3-picolylchloride hydrochloride (171 mg, 1.04 mmol) in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL), cooled to 0 C., was added a 60% dispersion of sodium hydride in oil (104 mg, 2.6 mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature under anhydrous conditions for 15 h. The reaction was quenched by the addition of H2O (5 mL) and then poured into a separatory funnel, and aqueous saturated NaHCO3 solution (50 mL) was added. The aqueous layer was extracted 350 mL with CH2Cl2. The organics were combined and washed with saturated aqueous NaCl solution (100 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated on a rotary evaporator triturated with ether, filtered and dried to yield the title compound. 1446 Mp 173.0-175.0 C. 1447 C21H15ClN2O3. MW 378.82. MS 379.1 (MH). 1448 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.61 (s, 1H); 8.49 (d, 1H, J5.0 Hz); 7.84-7.78 (mult, 5H); 7.34 (dd, 1H, J7.9 Hz, J4.8 Hz); 7.27 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.1 Hz); 7.17 (d, 1H, J1.9 Hz); 7.11 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 5.15 (s, 2H); 4.70 (s, 2H). 1449 The following compound, preparation MM2, was prepared from the appropriate starting material using analogous procedures to Preparation MM1.

Preparation MM2 1450 2-2-(Benzothiazol-2-ylmethoxy)-5-chlorobenzylisoindole-1,3-dione 1451 Mp 209.0-211.0 C. 1452 C23H15ClN2O3S. MW434.90. MS 435.1 (MH). 1453 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 8.03 (d, 1H, J8.0 Hz); 7.93 (d, 1H, J8.0 Hz); 7.88-7.76 (mult, 4H); 7.49 (td, 1H, J7.7 Hz, J1.2 Hz); 7.41 (td, 1H, J7.7 Hz, J1.2 Hz); 7.29 (dd, 1H, J8.7 Hz, J2.7 Hz); 7.20 (d, 1H, J2.7 Hz); 7.17 (d, 1H, J8.7 Hz); 5.63 (s, 2H); 4.80 (s, 2H).

Preparation NN1 1454 4-Methyl-1,2,3thiadiazol-5-yl)methanol 1455 To a mixture of 4-methyl-1,2,3thiadiazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester (923 mg, 5.84 mmol) in anhydrous ethanol (32 mL) was added NaBH4 (992 mg, 26.2 mmol). 1456 The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 15 h, under anhydrous conditions. The reaction was then cooled to 0 C. and saturated aqueous NH4Cl (25 mL) was added. The mixture was poured into water (25 mL), extracted with CH2Cl2 (440 mL), dried over MgSO4, and concentrated on the rotary evaporator to an oil. 1457 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 6.00 (bs, 1H); 4.78 (s, 2H); 2.51 (s, 3H).

Preparation OO1 1458 4-Methyl-1,2,3thiadiazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester 1459 4-Methyl-1,2,3thiadiazole-5-carboxylic acid (1.0 g, 6.94 mmol), concentrated H2SO4 (866 L), and methanol (12 mL) were combined and heated to reflux for 15 h. The solvent was reduced by a rotary evaporator and the residue was poured into 15 g of ice. The reaction was neutralized with saturated aqueous NaHCO3. The solution was then extracted with CH2Cl2 (435 mL). The combined organics were dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated on the rotary evaporator. The product was preadsorbed onto silica gel and purified by flash chromatography to afford the title compound as a yellow oil. 1460 C5H6N2O2S. MW 158.18. MS 159.0 (MH). 1461 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) 3.87 (s, 3H); 2.85 (s, 3H).

Preparation PP1 1462 3-Deoxy-1,2-O-(1-methylethylidene)-3-(phenylmethyl)amino-5-O-(triphenylmethyl)--D-ribofuranose (3 step procedure) 1463 Step 1: 1464 To a clean and nitrogen purged glass lined reactor, was charged CH2Cl2 (13 gal). To the reactor was added 1,2-O-(1-methylethylidene)--D-xylofuranose (7.0 kg, 36.8 mol) followed by pyridine (4.5 L). The reaction was cooled to 10-15 C. and then charged with trityl chloride (10.8 Kg, 38.6 moles; some exotherm noted with this addition). The reaction mixture was then stirred at 20-25 C. for 5 h and judged complete by TLC. The crude reaction mixture was washed with a 5% aqueous acetic acid solution (211.5 gal) and with water (22 gal). The organic layer containing 1,2-O-(1-methylethylidene)-5-O-(triphenylmethyl)--D-xylofuranose was carried on to Step 2 without drying or isolation. 1465 Step 2: 1466 To the crude containing 1,2-O-(1-methylethylidene)-5-O-(triphenylmethyl)--D-xylofuranose in CH2Cl2 was added KBr (877 g, 7.36 mol) at 25-30 C. followed by water (17 gal) and NaHCO3(15.4 kg). The reactor was cooled to 0-5 C. and 2,2,6,6,-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy free radical (TEMPO) radical (280 g) was added. With 0-5 C. cooling on the jackets of the reactor was charged with high agitation: 14 gallons of Clorox bleach over 4 h (charge is very exothermic,the bleach is added at such a rate to keep the internal temperature between 0-50 C.). 1467 The reaction mixture was sampled for completion by 1H NMR (CDCl3). When the reaction was judged complete, the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (38 gal) and water (24 gal). The phases were separated and the CH2Cl2 layer was then washed with water (230 gal) and brine (16 gal). The organic layer was atmospherically concentrated to 10-15 gal and used directly in Step 3. 1468 Step 3: 1469 To the product of Step 2 in CH2Cl2 was charged acetic acid (1.7 L). To the reactor was added benzylamine (6 L, 56.31 mol) over 30 minutes with a cooling solution of 15 C. on the jacket of the reactor (very exothermic during initial charge, pot kept <30 C.). To the reactor was added NaBH(OAc)3 (11.6 kg, 51.5 mol) over 15 minutes. The reaction was allowed to stir for 12 h and sampled for reaction completion by HPLC. The reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (26 gal) and 2N NaOH (26 gal) at a temperature of 4-14 C. over 30 minutes. The phases were separated and the organic layer extracted with water (10 gal) and brine (10 gal). The organic layer was then concd atmospherically to 15 gal, followed by the addition of methanol (20 gallons) and reconcentrated atmospherically to 17 gal with the final vapor temperature at 65 C. The mixture was cooled to 10-20 C. and granulated overnight. Filtration of the crystalline solids provided 18.4 kg of 3-deoxy-1,2-O-(1-methylethylidene)-3-(phenylmethyl)amino-5-O-(tri phenylmethyl)--D-ribofuranose which was calculated to have 16% by weight methanol content (80% yield corrected for residual solvent over three steps). The material was suitable for transformation in the next step without further drying. 1470 D: 70.75 (c 1, CH2Cl2) 1471 m.p.1 16.2-116.3 1472 1NMR (400 MHz, d6-DMSO): 1.31 (s, 3), 1.47 (s, 3), 2.06 (br s, 1), 2.93 (br s, 1), 3.02 (d, 1, J5.3, 10.4), 3.27 (d, 1, J9), 3.61 (br d, 1, J13.7), 3.76 (m, 1), 3.80 (br d, 1, J13.5), 4.65 (t, 1, J4.2), 5.82 (d, 1, J3.9), 7.16-7.42 (m, 20). 1473 13C NMR (100 MHz, d6-DMSO): 26.94, 51.13, 60.60, 63.70, 77.04, 79.12, 86.24, 104.75, 111.32, 127.07, 127.43, 128.07, 128.29, 128.49, 128.78, 140.81, 144.17. 1474 Anal. Calcd for C34H35NO4: C, 78.28; H, 6.76; N, 2.69. Found: C, 77.89; H, 6.55; N, 2.56.

Preparation QQ1 1475 3-Deoxy-1,2-O-(1-methylethylidene)-3-(4-nitrobenzoyl)amino--D-ribofuranose (3 step procedure) 1476 Step 1: 1477 To a solution of 3-deoxy-1,2-O-(1-methylethylidene)-3-(phenylmethyl)amino-5-O-(triphenylmethyl)--D-ribofuranose (200 g, 0.383 mol) in toluene (1000 mL) was added acetic acid (30 mL) followed by 10% Pd/C (48 9). The reaction was hydrogenated on a Parr shaker for 20 h. The reaction still showed 5% starting material by HPLC, so an additional catalyst charge was added (9.6 g) and hydrogenation continued for an additional 20 h. The solution was filtered through celite and the catalyst rinsed with toluene (200 mL). The solution of crude 3-amino-3-deoxy-1,2-O-(1-methylethylidene)-5-O-(triphenylmethyl)--D-ribofuranose was used directly in the next reaction. 1478 Step 2: 1479 To the above solution was added water (2 L) and NaHCO3 (128.8 g). While stirring well, -nitrobenzoyl chloride (71.1 g, 0.383 mol) was added portionwise over 5 min to control foaming. After an additional 5 min, the reaction was complete by HPLC. The phases were separated and the organic layer dried (MgSO4) and filtered to provide crude 3-deoxy-1,2-O-(1-methylethylidene)-3-(4-nitrobenzoyl)amino-5-O-(triphenylmethyl)--D-ribofuranose which was used directly in the next step. 1480 Step 3: 1481 To the crude 3-deoxy-1,2-O-(1-methylethylidene)-3-(4-nitrobenzoyl)amino-5-O-(triphenylmethyl)--D-ribofuranose solution from above was added methanol (890 mL) and conc. HCl (0.6 mL). The reaction was monitored by HPLC, and after 3.5 h there was a couple percent starting material as well as several percent of byproducts, and the reaction was quenched by the addition of NaHCO3 (18.5 g). The solution was concentrated with the aid of vacuum to remove all methanol; toward the end the solution was heated under atmospheric pressure to a pot temperature of 60 C. Water (93.5 mL) was added and the solution cooled to rt and allowed to granulate overnight. The solids were filtered off and rinsed with toluene (200 mL) then dried under vacuum at 40-45 C. to provide 117.5 g of 3-deoxy-1,2-O-(1-methylethylidene)-3-(4-nitrobenzoyl)amino--D-ribofuranose which contained 8.7% ash (NaHCO3 residue). This leads to a corrected yield of 107 g (83%). This material is sufficiently pure for use in further synthetic steps. Analytically pure material can be obtained by a further toluene/water repulp. 1482 D: 53.25 (c 1, CH2Cl2) 1483 m.p.187.2-187.6 1484 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 1.38 (s, 3), 1.58 (s, 3), 3.18 (dd, 1, J6.6, 7,7), 3.72-3.80 (m, 1), 3.87-3.94 (m, 2), 4.43 (ddd, 5.1, 9.0, 9.0), 4.72 (dd, 1, J4.0, 4.9), 5.93 (d, 1, J3.8), 6.77 (d, 1, J8.1), 7.96 (d, 2, J8.8), 8.30 (d, 2, J8.9). 1485 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): 26.38, 26.51, 52.32, 60.77, 78.96, 80.41, 104.24, 112.89, 124.05, 128.40, 138.59, 149.97, 166.08. 1486 M.S. (AP-) 337.2 1487 Anal. Calcd for C15H18N2O7: C, 53.25; H, 5.36; N, 8.28. Found: C, 53.38; H, 5.62; N, 8.33.

Preparation RR1 1488 1-(3-deoxy-1,2-O-(1-methylethylidene)-3-(4-nitrobenzoyl)amino--D-ribofuranuronoyl-piperidine (2 step procedure) 1489 To a mixture of CH2Cl2 (2700 mL) and water (1800 mL) is added 3-deoxy-1,2-O-(1-methylethylidene)-3-(4-nitrobenzoyl)amino--D-ribofuranose (300 g, 0.887 mol), KBr (21.1 g, 0.177 mol), NaHCO3 (408 g, 4.86 mol), and Et4NCl (12.3 g, 0.044 mol). The solution was cooled to 0-5 C. and TEMPO (6.9 g, 0.044 mol) was added. A solution of commercial Clorox bleach (4400 mL, 5.25% NaOCl) was added via addition funnel over 80 min at such a rate that the internal temperature is maintained below 5 C. After an additional 1 h, the reaction was diluted with water (7500 mL) and warmed to rt. The organic phase was removed and discarded. The pH of the aq. layer was adjusted to pH2.4 by the addition of conc. HCl (560 mL); EtOAc (4000 mL) was added, and after mixing the phases separated. The aq. layer was extracted again with EtOAc (2000 mL) and the combined EtOAc extracts were dried (MgSO4), filtered, and concentrated to a thin oil (still contains residual EtOAc). This oil was used directly in the next step. 1490 Step 2: 1491 To the crude 3-deoxy-1,2-O-(1-methylethylidene)-3-(4-nitrobenzoyl)amino--D-ribofuranuronic acid was added CH2Cl2 (3100 mL) and the solution cooled to 0-5 C. To this solution was added NEt3 (310 mL) dropwise, followed by DMF (3.4 mL). To the mixture was slowly added oxalyl chloride (85 mL), causing significant gas evolution. The addition rate was controlled such that the reaction temperature does not rise above 5 C. (addition time1 h). After an additional 15 min, piperidine (114 mL) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture, at such a rate to maintain internal temperature below 5 C. (addition time45 min). After an additional 1 h, the reaction was diluted with water (3 L). The phases were separated and the organic layer extracted with aq. NaHCO3 (1.5 L water, 100 g NaHCO3). The layers were separated and the organic layer dried (MgSO4), filtered, and transferred to a flask equipped for distillation. The majority of the solvent was removed by distillation (3200 mL), followed by the addition of heptane (500 mL) and further heating until the distillate temp. reached 58 C. Additional heptane was added (1 L) and the heating continued until the distillate reached 65 C. An additional 300 mL of distillate was removed with the aid of mild vacuum, followed by cooling and addition of CH2Cl2 (45 mL). This solution was allowed to stir overnight. The solids obtained were still rather sticky, so additional CH2Cl2 (120 mL) was added and the material stirred at rt for 3 h. The solids were filtered, and rinsed with heptane (80 mL) to provide 242 g (65% over 2 steps) 1-3-deoxy-1,2-O-(1-methylethylidene)-3-(4-nitrobenzoyl)amino--D-ribofuranuronoyl-piperidine. Estimated repulp solution: 12-14% CH2Cl2 in heptane. 1492 D: 72.1 (c 1, CH2Cl2) 1493 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 1.36 (s, 3), 1.57 (s, 3), 1.51-1.68 (m, 6), 3.30-3.45 (m, 2), 3.60-3.74 (m, 2), 4.67 (d, 1, J8.7), 4.84 (dd, 1, J3.7, 5.0), 4.90 (ddd, 1, J5.0, 7.9, 8.3), 5.95 (d, 1, J3.3), 6.69 (d, 1, J7.5), 7.94 (d, 2, J8.7), 8.26 (d, 2, J9.1). 1494 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): 24.68, 25.64, 26.57, 26.74, 27.16, 43.79, 46.88, 54.76, 78.79, 105.16, 113.23, 124.00, 128.68, 139.66, 149.90, 165.17, 165.67.

Preparation SS1 1495 1-1,2-di-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-3-(4-nitrobenzoyl)amino-D-ribofuranuronoyl-piperidine -mix of anomers (2 step procedure): 1496 Step 1: 1497 To a solution of TFA (345 mL) and water (85 mL) was added ) 1-3-deoxy-1,2-O-(1-methylethylidene)-3-(4-nitrobenzoyl)amino--D-ribofuranuronoyl-piperidine (150 g, 0.357 mol). The reaction was held at room temperature for 5.5 h, then was. slowly added to a quench solution of water (7.5 L) containing NaCl (2250 g), NaHCO3 (450 g), and CH2Cl2 (3.75 L). Once the quench was complete, the mixture was stirred an additional 15 min, and the phases separated. The water layer was extracted with CH2Cl2 (1.5 L) and the combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4), filtered, and this solution used directly in the next step. 1498 Step 2: 1499 To the above solution was added triethylamine (225 mL) followed by acetic anhydride (137 mL, added dropwise to keep temperature below 30 C.). After 45 min, the reaction was confirmed complete by HPLC analysis. To the reaction was slowly added 2N NaOH (1 L) with water cooling to maintain temp at 30 C. Once complete, the phases were separated and the organic layer extracted with water (800 mL) and concentrated to a dark oil. To the residue was added EtOAc (500 mL) and the solution filtered through SiO2 (120 g) and washed with EtOAc (200 mL). The eluents were concentrated to provide 132 g (80% over two steps) of 1-1,2-di-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-3-(4-nitrobenzoyl)amino-D-ribofuranuronoyl-piperidine as a yellow foam. 1500 Note: ratio of anomers 3:2. NMR data are listed for the mixture, and for simplicity the integration numbers are approximated as if the ratio were 1:1. 1501 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): 1.44-1.74 (m, 12), 2.08 (s, 3), 2.09 (s, 3), 2.12 (s, 3), 2.16 (s, 3), 3.22-3.80 (m, 8), 4.84 (d, 1, J6.8), 5.05 (s, 1), 5.11 (dd, 1, J6.2. 7.5), 5.45 (d, 1, J5.35), 5.52-5.60 (m, 2), 6.18 (s, 1), 6.48 (d, 1, J7.3), 6.60 (d, 1, J4.5), 6.96 (d, 1, J7.5). 7.88-7.94 (m, 4), 8.26-8.36 (m, 4). 1502 1C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): 20.61, 20.93, 21.22, 21.43, 24.57, 24.63, 25.64, 25.80, 26.62, 26.68, 27.15, 43.70, 43.96, 46.87, 46.98, 47.07, 52.20, 52.61, 70.51, 75.92, 78.81, 80.06, 81.51, 94.94, 98.56, 105.17, 124.01, 124.10, 124.34, 128.19, 128.54, 128.64, 139.43, 139.56, 150.00, 150.12, 165.26, 165.39, 1.65.62, 165.66, 168.59, 168.90, 169.52, 169.55. 1503 Hi Res MS (MH): calc: 464.1669; found: 464.1674. 1504 Anal. Calcd for C21H25N3O9: C, 54.42; H, 5.44; N, 9.07. Found: C, 54.21; H, 5.80; N, 9.06.

Preparation TT1 1505 N-5-chloro-2-(3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)methoxyphenylmethyl-1H-purin-6-amine (2 step procedure) 1506 Step 1: 1507 To a solution of 2-5-chloro-2-(3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)methoxyphenylmethyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3 (2H)-dione (3000.0 g, 7.837 mol) in THF (42 L) and isopropanol (31.5 L) was added 54% aqueous hydrazine (1500 mL). The solution was. warmed to 50 C. for 5 h, upon which the reaction was judged complete by HPLC analysis. The solution was cooled to rt, and copious white solids were filtered off and rinsed with THF (2500 mL). The filtrate was concentrated, and to the oily residue was added MTBE (36 L). (Note: the distillate containing excess hydrazine was quenched with bleach). To the MTBE mixture was added 1N NaOH (35 L) the mixture stirred for 10 min., and the layers separated. The organic phase was extracted with brine (18 L), dried (Na2SO4), filtered, and conc. to provide an oily residue. The above procedure was repeated, and the crude 5-chloro-2-(3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)methoxy-benzenemethanamine from both runs was combined (theoretical15.674 mol) 1508 Step 2: 1509 To the above combined oily residue was added isopropanol (79 L), triethylamine (4 L), and 6-chloropurine (2620 g, 16.95 mol). The solution was heated to 75 C. After 30 min, solid precipitates began to form. After a total reaction time of 22 h, the reaction was judged complete by HPLC analysis. The reaction was cooled to rt, and to the thick slurry was added isopropanol (15 L) to thin the solution. The slurry was filtered and the cake rinsed with ispropanol (220 L). The solids were dried under vacuum to provide 4700 g (81% over two steps) of N-5-chloro-2-(3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)methoxyphenylmethyl-1H-purin-6-amine as an off-white solid. 1510 1H NMR (500 MHz, d6-DMSO): 2.25 (s, 3), 4.68 (br s, 2), 5.35 (s, 2), 6.52 (br s, 1), 7.14 (br s, 1), 7.17 (d, 1, J8.8), 7.28 (dd, 1, J2.0, 8.6), 8.17 (br s, 2) 1511 13C NMR (125 MHz, d6-DMSO): 11.6, 38.6, 61.7, 105.4, 114.3, 119.3, 125.6, 127.4, 127.8, 131.2, 140.0, 150.7, 153.04, 154.4, 154.7, 160.4, 167.9. 1512 m.p. 264.2-265.8. 1513 Anal. Calcd for C17H15N6O2Cl: C, 55.07; H, 4.08; N, 22.67; Cl, 9.56. Found: C, 54.98; H, 4.18; N, 22.54; Cl, 9.74. 1514 1-2-O-acetyl-1-6-5-chloro-2-(3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)methoxyphenylmethylamino-9H-purin-9-yl-1,3-dideoxy-3-(4-nitrobenzoyl)amino--D-ribofuranuronoyl-piperidine: To a solution of N-5-chloro-2-(3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)methoxyphenylmethyl-1H-purin-6-amine (36.54 g, 0.0985 mol) in DME (175 mL) was added trimethylsilyltrifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) (50.00 g, 0.2250 mol). This solution was heated to 65 C. In a separate flask, 1-1,2-di-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-3-(4-nitrobenzoyl)amino-D-ribofuranuronoyl-piperidine (crude from previous step, 51.46 g, 0.1110 mol) was dissolved in DME (80 mL). The 1-1,2-di-O-acetyl-3-deoxy-3-(4-nitrobenzoyl)amino-D-ribofuranuronoyl-piperidine solution was transferred to an addition funnel, and added to the hot N-5-chloro-2-(3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)methoxyphenylmethyl-1H-purin-6-amine /TMSOTf solution dropwise over 30 min. After an additional 15 min, heating was discontinued and the reaction solution was added to CH2Cl2 (750 mL) and sat. NaHCO3 (750 mL). The layers were separated and the aq. layer ext. once with CH2Cl2 (200 mL). The combined organic layers were dried (MgSO4), filtered and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (250 mL), filtered, and rinsed with EtOAc (150 mL). The EtOAc layer (400 mL total volume) was stored at 5 C. overnight, which allowed the slow formation of crystalline pdt. The crystals were filtered and rinsed with cold EtOAc (200 mL). The product retained a slight color, and therefore was repulped in EtOAc (400 mL) for 1 h and refiltered, rinsing with EtOAc (100 mL) to provide 46.76 g (54%) of the title compound as a white solid. This material is 85% pure by HPLC analysis, and was used without further purification. An analytically pure sample was prepared by chromatography (5% IPA/CH2Cl2). 1515 D: 51.8 (c 1, CH2Cl2) 1516 1NMR (500 MHz, d6-DMSO): 1.40-1.56 (m, 6), 2.02 (s, 3), 2.25 (s, 3), 3.40-3.55 (m, 4), 4.69 (br s, 1 or 2), 5.20 (d, 1, J5.6), 5.35 (s, 2), 5.35-5.40 (m, 1), 5.93 (app t, 1, J5.4), 6.52 (br s, 2), 7.15 (br s, 1), 7.17 (d, 1, J8.8), 7.29 (dd, 1, J2.5, 8.7), 8,10 (d, 2, J8.7), 8.24 (s, 1), 8.37 (d, 2, J8.7), 8.42 (br s, 1), 8.51 (br s, 1), 9.18 (d, 1, J7.9). 1517 13C NMR (125 MHz, D6-DMSO): 10.94, 20.43, 23.83, 25.21, 26.14, 37.94, 42.76, 46.04, 52.42, 61.07, 74.00, 77.81, 86.33, 104.77, 113.77, 119.27, 123.64, 124.97, 126.71, 127.24, 129.05, 130.26, 139.25, 139.49, 148.82, 149.24, 152.92, 153.70, 154.43, 159.71, 165.21, 165.53, 167.22, 169.22. 1518 M.S. (AP)774.2 1519 Anal. Calcd for C36H36N9O9Cl: C, 55.85; H, 4.69; N, 16.28; Cl, 4.58. Found: C, 55.82; H, 4.77; N, 16.28; Cl, 4.63.

Preparation UU1 1520 3-amino-1-6-5-chloro-2-(3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)methoxyphenylmethylamino-9H-purin-9-yl-1,3-dideoxy--D-ribofuranuronic acid: To 1-2-O-acetyl-1-6-5-chloro-2-(3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)methoxyphenylmethylamino-9H-purin-9-yl-1,3-dideoxy-3-(4-nitrobenzoyl)amino--D-ribofuranuronoyl-piperidine (250.0 g, 0.3229 mol, 88% purity) was added THF (1250 mL, water (650 mL), MeOH (350 mL), and solid KOH (85%, 127.9 g). The solution was heated to 65 C. for 23 h and allowed to cool to rt. To the solution was added water (1250 mL) and MTBE (1250 mL). 1521 The phases were separated and the MTBE layer discarded. To the aqueous layer was added conc. HCl to adjust to pH5.6, forming significant precipitate. After granulating for 2 h, the slurry was filtered. The wet cake was added back to a flask with water (200 mL) and THF (1800 mL) and stirred 1 h. The slurry was refiltered, and the wet cake again added to a flask with water (1 L). To this slurry was added conc. HCl to pH1.2, THF (2 L) and EtOAc (1 L) were added, followed by additional THF to aid separation (1L). Due to emulsion, an additional portion of THF was added (500 mL) and the bilayer filtered through celite. The phases were then separated, and the organic phase extracted with water (2200 mL). All aqueous phases were then combined and 6M NaOH (100 mL) was added to adjust pH to 5.0. The solids were filtered and rinsed with a solution of 10/90 water/THF (1300 mL total). The solids were dried in a vacuum oven to provide 91.02 g (55%) of the title compound as an off-white powder. 1522 Hi. Res. M.S.516.1390 (MH). Calculated 516.1398. 1523 1H NMR (500 MHz, d6-DMSO): 2.24 (s, 3), 3.82 (br s, 1), 4.34 (br d, 1, J5.1), 4.66 (brs, 2), 5.34 (s, 2), 6.14 (d, 1, J2.9), 6.52 (s, 1), 7.11 (brs, 1), 7.15 (d, 1, J8.8), 7.27 (dd, 1, J2.3, 8.7), 8.20 (s, 1), 8.34 (br s, 1), 8.88 (br s, 1). 1524 13C NMR (125 MHz, d6-DMSO): 10.94, 37.88, 55.31, 61.05, 73.82, 81.57, 88.61, 104.76, 113.73, 119.34, 124.95, 126.61, 127.16, 130.39, 139.97, 148.70, 152.49, 153.67, 154.33, 159.11, 167.20, 172.06.

Preparation Vv1 1525 3-amino-1-6-5-chloro-2-(3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)methoxyphenylmethylamino-9H-purin-9-yl-1,3-dideoxy-N-methyl--D-ribofuranuronamide: A solution of HCl/methanol was prepared by adding acetyl chloride (8.5 mL, 0.12 mol) slowly to methanol (1 L). After 10 minutes, 3-amino-1-6-5-chloro-2-(3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)methoxyphenylmethylamino-9H-purin-9-yl-1,3-dideoxy--D-ribofuranuronic acid (40.03 g, 0.0776 mol) was added to the HCl/MeOH soln with a methanol rinse (100 mL). The solution was heated at 50 C. for 15 h, upon which conversion of the acid to the methyl ester was confirmed by HPLC. The solution was cooled to 37 C. followed by the addition of methylamine (600 mL of a 2.0M soln in methanol). The reaction was reheated to 50 C. for 5.5 h, and conversion of the ester to methylamide was confirmed by HPLC. The reaction was set up for distillation, and 250 mL of solvent was removed by maintaining the pot temperature between 45-50 C. and using slight vacuum. The solution temperature was then raised to 65 C. at atmospheric pressure, and Darco (6.0 g) and water (10 mL) were added. After 5 min, the solution was filtered through celite while hot, rinsing with methanol (100 mL). The filtrate was allowed to cool to rt while stirring overnight, producing a crystalline product. The crystalline product was filtered and rinsed with methanol (200 mL) to provide 30.73 g (72%) the title compound as the hydrate. HPLC analysis of this material showed greater than 98% purity. 1526 It should be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of this novel concept as defined by the following claims.