In various embodiments described herein, radio measurement includes measurement performed on radio signals. Radio measurements can be absolute or relative. Radio measurement may be called as signal level which may be signal quality and/or signal strength. Radio measurements can be e.g. intra-frequency, inter-frequency, inter-RAT measurements, CA measurements, etc. Radio measurements can be unidirectional (e.g., DL or UL) or bidirectional (e.g., RTT, Rx-Tx, etc.). Some examples of radio measurements: timing measurements (e.g., TOA, timing advance, RTT, RSTD, Rx-Tx, propagation delay, etc.), angle measurements (e.g., angle of arrival), power-based measurements (e.g., received signal power, RSRP, received signal quality, RSRQ, SINR, SNR, interference power, total interference plus noise, RSSI, noise power, etc.), cell detection or cell identification, positioning, radio link monitoring (RLM), system information (SI) reading, etc.

Performing a measurement on a carrier may imply performing measurements on signals of one or more cells operating on that carrier or performing measurements on signals of the carrier (e.g. carrier specific measurement such as RSSI). Examples of cell specific or beam specific measurements are signal strength, signal quality, etc.

In various embodiments described herein, measurement performance includes any criteria or metric which characterizes the performance of the measurement performed by a radio node. The term measurement performance may also be called a measurement requirement, measurement performance requirements, and so forth. The radio node has to meet one or more measurement performance criteria related to the performed measurement. Examples of measurement performance criteria are measurement time, number of cells to be measured with the measurement time, measurement reporting delay, measurement accuracy, measurement accuracy with respect to a reference value (e.g. ideal measurement result), etc. Examples of measurement time are measurement period, cell detection or cell identification period, evaluation period, beam detection or beam identification period, and so forth.

In various embodiments described herein, numerology includes any one or a combination of: subcarrier spacing, number of subcarriers within a bandwidth, resource block size, symbol length, CP length, and so forth. In one specific non-limiting example, numerology comprises subcarrier spacing of 7.5 kHz, 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, or 240 kHz. In another example, numerology is the CP length which may be used with subcarrier spacing 30 kHz or larger.

In various embodiments described herein, bandwidth (BW) includes a range of frequencies over which a node transmits to and/or receives signal from another node. The BW may also be called an operating bandwidth, channel bandwidth, system bandwidth, configured bandwidth, transmission bandwidth, cell bandwidth, cell transmission BW, carrier bandwidth, and so forth. The BW can be expressed in any one of the following: G1 MHz, G2 GHz, in in terms of number of physical channels (e.g. G3 resource blocks, G4 subcarriers etc). In one example the BW can include guard band while in another example, the BW can exclude guard band. For example, system or channel BW can include guard band while transmission bandwidth consists of BW without guard band. For simplicity term BW is used in the embodiments.

In various embodiments described herein, a frequency resource block (FRB) includes any type of frequency resource comprising one or more resource elements or subcarriers. The FRB may also be referred to as a resource block (RB), physical RB (PRB), virtual RB (VRB), and so forth.

The embodiments described herein are applicable to any multicarrier system wherein at least two radio network nodes can configure radio measurements for the same UE. One specific example scenario comprises a dual connectivity deployment with LTE PCell and NR PSCell. Another example scenario is a dual connectivity deployment with NR PCell and NR PSCell.

In more detail, an example technique for avoiding the carrier ambiguity problems discussed above includes shifting NR-SS Blocks within a frequency chunk to distinguish between the carriers. As shown in FIG. 10, an example configuration may specify that an NR-SS Block (which may include an encoded PSS/SSS) in Carrier #4 can be transmitted in FC #1, FC #2, and/or FC #3; an NR-SS Block in carrier #5 can be transmitted in FC #3; and an NR-SS block in carrier #6 can be transmitted in FC #2 and/or FC #3.

Because a network node may transmit an NR-SS for these three carriers in a single FC (e.g., FC #3), a different FRB provided for each carrier at a different shift value. In more detail, in FIG. 10, carrier #4 has three possible FCs available for use by the carriers. If FC #3 is used, a shift associated with its FRB is set to zero. Carrier #5 has one possible FC, FC #3, and the shift associated with its FRB is set to negative one. Carrier #6 has two possible FCs, FC #2 and FC #3, and the shift associated with its FRB is positive one. Accordingly, by associating a shift with an FRB for each carrier, the NR-SS Block for each carrier is at a different position within an FC, with the result being that carrier ambiguity is avoided. As another example, an FC can be of a size of 24 RBs or SS block size, indicating zero shift.

FIG. 11 provides another example regarding FC and FRB configuration. As shown in FIG. 11, there is a frequency range where there can be NR bands that include FCs. The FCs can be provided with a number of FRBs. Each FC can be denoted as FC(n), where n indicates the particular FC. Similarly, the m-th FRB within FC(n) can be denoted as F(n,m).

The below techniques provide example techniques for the network to configure the UE. This configuration can be implicit, explicit or a combination of explicit/implicit. Example configurations include:

- A. Explicit FC and Explicit FRB: the network node configures one FC parameter, which can be an integer indicating the FC, or bitmap indicating more than one locations, within the carrier frequency where the UE should search for the RS, and another FRB where there can be another integer indicating the FRB, or bitmap indicating more than one locations, within the carrier frequency and within the FC where the UE should search for the RS.
- B. Explicit FC and Implicit FRB (given by the carrier frequency): the network configures the FC parameter, which can be an integer indicating the FC where the UE should search for the RS, and, by also knowing the carrier frequency (which can be part of the configuration), and the FC, the UE derives the exact FRB. In other words, there is a fixed mapping in the standard (i.e. UE is aware of that mapping) between a carrier frequency and the FRB that a specific RS can be transmitted for a given FC (that can be provided by the network). In that case, there can be one FRB per carrier frequency that has other overlapping FCs. Hence, if a new carrier with an overlapping FC is defined in the system, new FRBs per chunk may need to be added and the FC may expand upwards or downwards.
- C. Implicit FC and Implicit FRB (both given by the carrier frequency): the network configures the UE with a carrier frequency. Then, the standard defines a default FC per carrier frequency so the UE knows the exact FC to search for the RS based only on the information about the carrier frequency to be measured. Based on the configured carrier frequency, the UE derives the FRB within the FC where the UE should search the RS. The default FC can be the one closest to the center of the carrier.
- D. Implicit FC and Implicit FRB (blind search): the network configures the UE with a carrier frequency. The standard defines a full flexibility in terms of FC and FRB per FC usage per carrier frequency. Then, if nothing is provided to the UE except the carrier frequency, the UE can perform a blind search for all possible FCs, defined in the standard and finite for a given carrier frequency, and, within an FC, a FRB to detect the RS. There can be variants of this method where one parameter is provided while the other is found blindly. For example, the network may provide the UE with the chunk and the UE, by knowing all possible FRBs per FC defined in the standard, can blindly detect which FRB is being used to transmit the RS.
- E. Implicit FC (default) and Explicit FRB (given by the carrier frequency): the network configures the UE with a carrier frequency. Then, the standard defines a default FC per carrier frequency so the UE knows the exact FC to search for the RS based only on the information about the carrier frequency to be measured. In addition, the network can configure the FRB where the UE should search the RS for a given FC.
- F. Implicit FC (default) and Implicit FRB (default): the network configures the UE with a carrier frequency. Then, the standard defines a default FC per carrier frequency so the UE knows the exact FC to search for the RS based only on the information about the carrier frequency to be measured. In addition, the network can configure the FRB where the UE should search for the RS for a given FC.
- G. Another example of Explicit FC and Explicit FRB: the network node configures a frequency offset (Fos) parameter with respect to a reference frequency value (Fref). Examples of reference frequency are center frequency of a reference cell (e.g. serving cell), center frequency of SSB of a reference cell, starting frequency (e.g. ARFCN) of a frequency band, last frequency in the frequency band, etc. The frequency offset (Fos) is used by the UE to determine the location of the FC in the frequency domain. For example, the Fos and Fref can be used by the UE to determine one of: a center frequency of FC, starting frequency of FC, and end frequency of FC. The length or size of the FC in frequency domain can be pre-defined or can be configured by the network node. The network node further transmits information about frequency location of SSB within FC (e.g. an offset (Sos) with respect to a reference frequency resource (Sref) within FC). For example, Sos may be defined with respect to the center of the FC. The Sos and Sref are then used by the UE to determine the location of the SSB within the FC. The UE searches the cell using the RS transmitted within the SSB.
- H. Pre-defined identifiers of FC: In another example, identifiers of FCs can be pre-defined within a certain frequency range (e.g. between 1-3 GHz, 3-6 GHz, etc) and/or within each frequency bands. In this example, the network node configures the UE with one or more pre-defined identifiers of FC and also the frequency band(s) or frequency range(s) of the configured FC. This enables the UE to determine the exact frequency or frequency range of the configured FC. The information about the location of each SSB for each carrier within the FC can be signaled to the UE (e.g., offsets with respect to the center frequency of the FC).

Where the information about the FC is provided: the configuration (implicit and/or explicit) of the FCs and FRBs can be included in the system information or in one of the following parts of the measurement configuration:

A. FC is Part of the Measurement Object (MO)

In the case of explicit FC configuration, the FC can be provided together with the carrier frequency information (e.g. ARFCN-ValueNR in the case of NR or ARFCN-ValueEUTRA in the case of E-UTRA/LTE). The FC information can be provided as an integer known by the UE to be mapped to a given frequency resource set where the UE should search for a particular RS. For a given carrier frequency that is configured in the MO there can be multiple possible FCs defined in the standard, hence, by providing the FC within the MO together with the carrier frequency, the UE can directly search for the RS in the correct FC.

In the case of implicit FC configuration, there can be a default FC value derived from the carrier frequency information (e.g. ARFCN-ValueNR in the case of NR or ARFCN-ValueEUTRA in the case of E-UTRA/LTE). That default FC value can be related to the center of the carrier.

The network node can configure multiple MOs with the same FC value for the same UE (e.g., multiple carrier frequencies to be measured will have the same FC (possibly within the UE's minimum bandwidth)). In the example shown in FIG. 12A, the network has configured the UE with measurement objects MO-1, MO-2, MO-K, each associated to a different carrier frequency (e.g. carriers 1, 2, . . . , K), and, as these carriers could be overlapping, the same frequency chunk is configured per MO, i.e., FC(7).

The network node can configure multiple MOs with different FC values for the same UE (e.g., multiple carrier frequencies to be measured will have different FC values (i.e. frequency re-tuning may be needed depending on UE's minimum bandwidth and distance between FCs)). In the example shown in FIG. 12B, the network has configured the UE with measurement objects MO-1, MO-2, . . . , MO-K*, each associated to a different carrier frequency (e.g. carriers 1, 2, . . . , K*), and, as these carriers are not all overlapping, different frequency chunks are configured (e.g., FC(7) and FC(20)).

In the case the FC is associated to a MO, for all report configuration (e.g. reportConfig containing the measurement events like A1, A2, etc.) associated to that MO, the UE will search the RS in the frequency resources associated to that FC. In other words, it is not possible to have different events for the same carrier associated to different FCs. Multiple measurement IDs associated to the same MO should be done on the same FC (which could be a limitation in the case the same carrier can transmit multiple simultaneous SS Blocks in different FCs).

The network node can configure the UE with the same MO but potentially with multiple FC values to cover the case where the UE should measure multiple simultaneous SS Blocks for the same carrier transmitted in different frequency locations. The network can also configure the UE with information. In that case, the same cell can be transmitting in different FCs for the same MO and the network can configure the UE to perform measurements based on these two RSs with same PCI.

B. FC is Part of the Measurement Object (MO)

In the case of explicit FRB configuration, the FRB can be provided together with the carrier frequency information (e.g. ARFCN-ValueNR in the case of NR or ARFCN-ValueEUTRA in the case of E-UTRA/LTE). The FRB information can be provided as an integer known by the UE to be mapped to a very specific frequency resources where the UE should search for a particular RS.

The FRB information can be provided together with the FC. Hence, for a given MO, the UE will know which chunk and which FRB to search the RS. Also, the UE knows that if it finds an RS in the indicated FRB/FC, that RS should be associated with the configured MO (and reportConfig and measId).

The FRB can have a hierarchical structure that is combined with the FC (e.g., for a given FC there can be a finite set of FRBs indicated by an integer). These two parameters could be combined in a single IE that is part of the measurement object.

C. Only FC and FRB Define a Measurement Object

The measurement object is characterized by the FC (e.g., the carrier frequency becomes a secondary information), to certain extent. In that case, the network configures the UE with the exact FC where the UE should search for the RS. Different MO's would have different FCs, although they could still be within the UE's minimum bandwidth to avoid frequency re-tuning in the case of overlapping carriers.

The measurement object is characterized by both the FC and the FRB. In that case, the network configures the UE with the exact FC where the UE should search for the RS and the exact FRB. Different MO's would have different FCs/FRBs couple, so that the same FC could be defined for different carriers but different FRBs would characterize that these are different carriers.

The fact that the MO is characterized by one of these two parameters do not preclude the usage of the carrier frequency information in the MO for implicit configurations as described above (e.g., depending on the carrier frequency the UE assumes for a given FC that the RS is transmitted in a specific FRB).

D. FC is Part of the Report Configuration

The network node can configure the FC as part of the report configuration. For example, the FC can be linked to each measurement event the network node may want to configure. As a measurement identifier (measId) links a reportConfig to a measObject, for different MOs (e.g., for different carrier frequencies) there can be the same FC, so that as long as that is within the UE's minimum bandwidth, inter-frequency measurements without re-tuning can be performed.

Another potential advantage is that the reportConfig also tells which RS to use for a given event. Hence, the FC could be directly associated to the RS to be measured, while in the case of being configured in the MO may require FC information per RS type (e.g. NR-SS and CSI-RS).

The network can link multiple report configurations to the same MO. In that case, since each reportConfig can have a FC, there can be multiple FCs associated to the same MO, which can be useful in the case of multiple simultaneous SS Block transmissions per carrier.

To allow the UE to distinguish RSs from different carriers, the FRBs should be different for different carriers, although the FC could be the same. Hence, the FC being part of the reportConfig still allows the FRB to be associated with the MO, and be possibly configured explicitly or implicitly. For example, there can be a one-to-one mapping between a set of allowed FRBs per carrier frequency. The set is given since there can be multiple FCs. Hence, for a given measId linking a MO and a reportConfig, the UE knows the FC for that measId and the MO. Thanks to the MO the UE knows the exact FRB for that provided FC. Alternatively, the UE is provided with the FRB in the MO explicitly.

If the same FRB is used for different MO's (e.g., for different carrier frequencies), the UE cannot distinguish the cells from different carriers.

Examples for Providing FC and/or FRB Information

For UEs in RRC Connected state, the information about FC and/or FRB can be provided as part of the measurement configuration (measConfig) which can be provided in an RRC Connection Reconfiguration, an RRC Connection Resume or an RRC Connection setup. The information may also be provided via system information (broadcasted or UE specific or upon a request or upon a determined need, etc.) and some common parts of the information may also be provided via broadcasted system information. For UEs in RRC Inactive state or RRC Idle, the information about FC and/or FRB can be provided via system information, which can either be broadcast or requested on demand.

The UE may perform measurement reporting on measurements on a specific carrier frequency and a specific frequency chunk within that specific carrier frequency according to a measurement configuration provided by the network. If the FC and/or FRB are part of the measurement object and the UE is configured to measure X carriers, the UE may be configured with X measurement objects where each of them will have their own FC/FRB. Each of them will be linked to a measId and a reportConfig. Hence, if the UE finds a cell in a given FC/FRB, the UE can associate to the correct MO and, consequently, to the correct measId. Hence, reporting the measId with cell/beam level measurements is sufficient to allow the network to identify to which carrier these measurements are associated.

In the scenario where the network configures the UE with the FC and not the FRB, and there is no 1-to-1 mapping defined in the standard between carrier frequency and FRB, the UE can blindly search for the configure FCs the cells in the possible FRBs for the FC. When the UE finds a cell and an event for that configured MO/reportConfig is triggered (e.g., for the configured frequency chunk), the UE includes in the measurement report the FRB where it has found the cells whose information is to be included in the measurement report (e.g. triggered cells).

In the scenario where the network does not configure the UE with the FC and/or FRB, both can be included together with the detected cell in the measurement report.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example method 100 of performing measurements. In particular embodiments, a UE performs method 100. The UE begins by measuring on a carrier frequency and/or a frequency chunk within the carrier frequency according to a measurement configuration provided by a network node in step 104. In step 108, the UE reports measurements on the carrier frequency and/or the frequency chunk within the carrier frequency according to the measurement configuration provided by the network node.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example method 200 of configuring measurements. In particular embodiments, a network node performs method 200. The network node begins by generating a measurement configuration indicating a carrier frequency and/or a frequency chunk within the carrier frequency in step 204. In step 206, the network node communicates the measurement configuration to a user equipment. The UE may perform measurements and report measurements using the communicated measurement configuration as described herein.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a network 300, in accordance with certain embodiments. Network 300 includes one or more UE(s) 310a, 310b, 310c, 310d, and 310e, which may be interchangeably referred to as wireless devices 310, and one or more network node(s) 315a, 315b, and 315c, which may be interchangeably referred to as eNBs 315. UEs 310 may communicate with network nodes 315 over a wireless interface. For example, a UE 310 may transmit wireless signals to one or more of network nodes 315, and/or receive wireless signals from one or more of network nodes 315. The wireless signals may contain voice traffic, data traffic, control signals, and/or any other suitable information. In some embodiments, an area of wireless signal coverage associated with a network node 315 may be referred to as a cell, examples of which are shown in the figure by cell 325a, cell 325b, and cell 325c. In some embodiments, UEs 310 may have device-to-device (D2D) capability. Thus, UEs 310 may be able to receive signals from and/or transmit signals directly to another UE.

In certain embodiments, network nodes 315 may interface with a radio network controller. The radio network controller may control network nodes 315 and may provide certain radio resource management functions, mobility management functions, and/or other suitable functions. In certain embodiments, the functions of the radio network controller may be included in network node 315. The radio network controller may interface with a core network node. In certain embodiments, the radio network controller may interface with the core network node via an interconnecting network 320. Interconnecting network 320 may refer to any interconnecting system capable of transmitting audio, video, signals, data, messages, or any combination of the preceding. Interconnecting network 320 may include all or a portion of a public switched telephone network (PSTN), a public or private data network, a local area network (LAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a wide area network (WAN), a local, regional, or global communication or computer network such as the Internet, a wireline or wireless network, an enterprise intranet, or any other suitable communication link, including combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the core network node may manage the establishment of communication sessions and various other functionalities for UEs 310. UEs 310 may exchange certain signals with the core network node using the non-access stratum layer. In non-access stratum signaling, signals between UEs 310 and the core network node may be transparently passed through the radio access network. In certain embodiments, network nodes 315 may interface with one or more network nodes over an internode interface, such as, for example, an X2 interface.

As described above, example embodiments of network 300 may include one or more wireless devices 310, and one or more different types of network nodes capable of communicating (directly or indirectly) with wireless devices 310.

In some embodiments, the non-limiting term UE is used. UEs 310 described herein can be any type of wireless device capable of communicating with network nodes 315 or another UE over radio signals. UE 310 may also be a radio communication device, target device, D2D UE, machine-type-communication UE or UE capable of machine to machine communication (M2M), low-cost and/or low-complexity UE, a sensor equipped with UE, Tablet, mobile terminals, smart phone, laptop embedded equipped (LEE), laptop mounted equipment (LME), USB dongles, Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), etc. UE 310 may operate under either normal coverage or enhanced coverage with respect to its serving cell. The enhanced coverage may be interchangeably referred to as extended coverage. UE 310 may also operate in a plurality of coverage levels (e.g., normal coverage, enhanced coverage level 3, enhanced coverage level 2, enhanced coverage level 3 and so on). In some cases, UE 310 may also operate in out-of-coverage scenarios.

Also, in some embodiments generic terminology, “radio network node” (or simply “network node”) is used. It can be any kind of network node, which may comprise a base station (BS), radio base station, Node B, multi-standard radio (MSR) radio node such as MSR BS, evolved Node B (eNB), network controller, radio network controller (RNC), base station controller (BSC), relay node, relay donor node controlling relay, base transceiver station (BTS), access point (AP), radio access point, transmission points, transmission nodes, Remote Radio Unit (RRU), Remote Radio Head (RRH), nodes in distributed antenna system (DAS), Multi-cell/multicast Coordination Entity (MCE), core network node (e.g., MSC, MME, etc.), O&M, OSS, SON, positioning node (e.g., E-SMLC), MDT, or any other suitable network node.

This disclosure contemplates any of the UEs 310 and network nodes 315 in network 300 performing any of the operations and processes described above. For example, any of UEs 310 can perform measurements on a carrier frequency and/or a frequency chunk within the carrier frequency according to a measurement configuration provided by a network node, and report measurements on the carrier frequency and/or the frequency chunk within the carrier frequency according to the measurement configuration. As another example, any of network nodes 315 may generate a measurement configuration indicating a carrier frequency or a frequency chunk within the carrier frequency and communicate the measurement configuration to a user equipment.

Example embodiments of UE 310, network nodes 315, and other network nodes (such as radio network controller or core network node) are described in more detail below with respect to FIGS. 4-9.

Although FIG. 3 illustrates a particular arrangement of network 300, the present disclosure contemplates that the various embodiments described herein may be applied to a variety of networks having any suitable configuration (e.g., the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4). FIG. 4 illustrates network 400 including one network node 415 in communication with two wireless devices 410a and 410b. This disclosure contemplates network 400 may include any number of UEs in communication with any number of network nodes. Network 400 may include any suitable number of UEs 410 and network nodes 415, as well as any additional elements suitable to support communication between UEs or between a UE and another communication device (such as a landline telephone). Furthermore, although certain embodiments may be described as implemented in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, the embodiments may be implemented in any appropriate type of telecommunication system supporting any suitable communication standards (including 5G standards) and using any suitable components, and are applicable to any radio access technology (RAT) or multi-RAT systems in which a UE receives and/or transmits signals (e.g., data). For example, the various embodiments described herein may be applicable to LTE, LTE-Advanced, 5G, UMTS, HSPA, GSM, cdma2000, WCDMA, WiMax, UMB, WiFi, another suitable radio access technology, or any suitable combination of one or more radio access technologies. Although certain embodiments may be described in the context of wireless transmissions in the downlink, the present disclosure contemplates that the various embodiments are equally applicable in the uplink.

FIG. 5 is a block schematic of an exemplary wireless device 510, in accordance with certain embodiments. In some embodiments, wireless device 510 provides UE, such as UE 310 that is shown in FIG. 3. Wireless device 510 may refer to any type of wireless device communicating with a node and/or with another wireless device in a cellular or mobile communication system. Examples of wireless device 510 include a mobile phone, a smart phone, a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), a portable computer (e.g., laptop, tablet), a sensor, an actuator, a modem, a machine-type-communication (MTC) device/machine-to-machine (M2M) device, laptop embedded equipment (LEE), laptop mounted equipment (LME), USB dongles, a D2D capable device, or another device that can provide wireless communication. A wireless device 510 may also be referred to as UE, a station (STA), a device, or a terminal in some embodiments. Wireless device 510 includes transceiver 510, processing circuitry 520, and memory 530. In some embodiments, transceiver 510 facilitates transmitting wireless signals to and receiving wireless signals from a network node (e.g., via an antenna), such as network node 315 that is shown in FIG. 3. Processing circuitry 520 executes instructions to provide some or all of the functionality described above as being provided by wireless device 510, and memory 530 stores the instructions executed by processing circuitry 520.

Processing circuitry 520 may include any suitable combination of hardware and software implemented in one or more modules to execute instructions and manipulate data to perform some or all of the described functions of wireless device 510, such as the functions of wireless device 510 described above in relation to FIGS. 1-4. In some embodiments, processing circuitry 520 may include, for example, one or more computers, one or more central processing units (CPUs), one or more microprocessors, one or more applications, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and/or other logic.

Memory 530 is generally operable to store instructions, such as a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, algorithms, code, tables, etc. and/or other instructions capable of being executed by processing circuitry 520. Examples of memory 530 include computer memory (for example, Random Access Memory (RAM) or Read Only Memory (ROM)), mass storage media (for example, a hard disk), removable storage media (for example, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and/or or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory computer-readable and/or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and/or instructions that may be used by processing circuitry 520.

Other embodiments of wireless device 510 may include additional components beyond those shown in FIG. 5 that may be responsible for providing certain aspects of the wireless device's functionality, including any of the functionality described above and/or any additional functionality (including any functionality necessary to support the solution described above). As just one example, wireless device 510 may include input devices and circuits, output devices, and one or more synchronization units or circuits, which may be part of the processing circuitry 520. Input devices include mechanisms for entry of data into wireless device 510. For example, input devices may include input mechanisms, such as a microphone, input elements, a display, etc. Output devices may include mechanisms for outputting data in audio, video and/or hard copy format. For example, output devices may include a speaker, a display, etc.

FIG. 6 is a block schematic of an exemplary network node 615, in accordance with certain embodiments. Network node 615 may be any type of radio network node or any network node that communicates with a UE and/or with another network node. In some examples, network node 615 is structured to provide network node 315 that is shown in FIG. 3. Examples of network node 615 include an eNodeB, a node B, a base station, a wireless access point (e.g., a Wi-Fi access point), a low power node, a base transceiver station (BTS), relay, donor node controlling relay, transmission points, transmission nodes, remote RF unit (RRU), remote radio head (RRH), multi-standard radio (MSR) radio node such as MSR BS, nodes in distributed antenna system (DAS), O&M, OSS, SON, positioning node (e.g., E-SMLC), MDT, or any other suitable network node. Network nodes 615 may be deployed throughout network 300 as a homogenous deployment, heterogeneous deployment, or mixed deployment. A homogeneous deployment may generally describe a deployment made up of the same (or similar) type of network nodes 615 and/or similar coverage and cell sizes and inter-site distances. A heterogeneous deployment may generally describe deployments using a variety of types of network nodes 615 having different cell sizes, transmit powers, capacities, and inter-site distances. For example, a heterogeneous deployment may include a plurality of low-power nodes placed throughout a macro-cell layout. Mixed deployments may include a mix of homogenous portions and heterogeneous portions.

Network node 615 may include one or more of transceiver 610, processing circuitry 620, memory 630, and network interface 640. In some embodiments, transceiver 610 facilitates transmitting wireless signals to and receiving wireless signals from wireless device 310 (e.g., via antenna 650), processing circuitry 620 executes instructions to provide some or all of the functionality described above as being provided by a network node 615, memory 630 stores the instructions executed by processing circuitry 620, and network interface 640 communicates signals to backend network components, such as a gateway, switch, router, Internet, Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), core network nodes or radio network controllers 130, etc.

Processing circuitry 620 may include any suitable combination of hardware and software implemented in one or more modules to execute instructions and manipulate data to perform some or all of the described functions of network node 615, such as those described above in relation to FIGS. 1-5. In some embodiments, processing circuitry 620 may include, for example, one or more computers, one or more central processing units (CPUs), one or more microprocessors, one or more applications, and/or other logic.

Memory 630 is generally operable to store instructions, such as a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, algorithms, code, tables, etc. and/or other instructions capable of being executed by processing circuitry 620. Examples of memory 630 include computer memory (for example, Random Access Memory (RAM) or Read Only Memory (ROM)), mass storage media (for example, a hard disk), removable storage media (for example, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and/or or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory computer-readable and/or computer-executable memory devices that store information.

In some embodiments, network interface 640 is communicatively coupled to processing circuitry 620 and may refer to any suitable device operable to receive input for network node 615, send output from network node 615, perform suitable processing of the input or output or both, communicate to other devices, or any combination of the preceding. Network interface 640 may include appropriate hardware (e.g., port, modem, network interface card, etc.) and software, including protocol conversion and data processing capabilities, to communicate through a network.

Other embodiments of network node 615 may include additional components beyond those shown in FIG. 6 that may be responsible for providing certain aspects of the radio network node's functionality, including any of the functionality described above and/or any additional functionality (including any functionality necessary to support the solutions described above). The various different types of network nodes may include components having the same physical hardware but configured (e.g., via programming) to support different radio access technologies, or may represent partly or entirely different physical components.